What are the characteristics of color tones?

Before and after the Revolution of 1911, timbre developed unprecedentedly, and many timbre artists appeared in Guangxi, which greatly developed the timbre market. Four top scholars in Guilin: Leng Guifu, Zhu, Luo and Qin Laosi; There are "four famous poets" in Yishan area: Wu Laonian, Pan, Liang Rushan and "barber"; There is a "grimace king" Zhou Chaogang in Ningming area; Rong 'an and Sanjiang are the "kings" of Li Dashu and Chen Songshan.

During this period, colorful tunes gradually shifted from rural fields to town stage. At this time, the "mountain-crossing class" composed of seven or eight people has also developed into a semi-professional shift of twenty or thirty people.

With the emergence of these professional troupes, the original 36-tone "Jianghu tune" has been very poor, and these plays have been difficult to meet the requirements of the audience. In this case, artists have found a new way, and based on novels and folk stories, they have compiled and performed "major" plays such as Two Women Fighting for Husband, Catch grinding bean curd, Break the Spoon, and Bad Daughter-in-law Becoming a Cow.

At the same time, in order to make a living, artists have also created many "anti-Taiwan dramas", such as Class A performing "Mom Send Girls" and Class B editing "Girls Send Girls"; Class B performed "Three Visits", Class A directed "Four Girls Dating" and so on.

The emergence of professional troupe of Caidiao makes the artistic features of Caidiao, a traditional opera in China, more distinct and has strict standards in all aspects. Especially in the "three plays", there are dozens, such as the footwork of tone, fan flower, turn around, appearance and the unique fingering of Dan role. Only the footwork of colorful clowns can be divided into three categories: short pile, medium pile and high pile, among which short pile is the most widely used.

Among the props of color-coded performance, fans, towels and ribbons are considered as the three treasures of color-coded performance. Among them, fans are the main ones. There are ball fans, high and low fans, butterfly fans, rocking fans, rocking fans, wave fans and so on. Fans can also be used by artists as brooms, torches, scrolls, daggers, hammers, etc. Therefore, it is called "universal prop".

The basic features of color-tone performing arts, such as eyes, hands, posture and footwork, are mostly found in Xiao Dan and clowns, followed by Yao Dan.

Clowns and Dandan's footwork, turning, appearance, fan flowers and hand flowers are full of the characteristics of Guangxi local opera, especially footwork. Such as limping step, twisting step, kicking step, probing step and sideways step.

The "heel step", "broken step" and "cloud step" of Dan Jiao. Fan is the color tone of one of the main "three treasures". Because the color tone is deeply rooted in rural people and closely combined with local folk songs, it has formed a lively and humorous performance style.

Color-coded dramas mainly focus on labor, love and family life, and there are a large number of oral and handwritten copies circulating among the people. Liuzhou and Guilin dialects were used in the performance, mainly in the form of singing and dancing, such as Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and Clowns.

Color drama mainly has three major businesses: life, Dan and ugliness. Students are subdivided into three categories: minority students, old students and precious students. Xiao Sheng plays a brave, lively, lovely and ambitious young man who pays equal attention to singing, doing, reading and dancing. Most of them perform singing and dancing plays, and many of them are ugly, such as Wang San's third-rate role in Three Birds.

Old students often play the role of being old, bearded and singing. For example, Xu Fengshan in Wuzitu, Zhang Guangcai in Wuniang Haircut, and the land god in Land Helper.

Dolls play the role of underage children, such as Wang Ma in Wang Ma's Sister-in-law, dog owners and schoolchildren in Dog School. When performing, students usually play the role, or Hua Dan and Xiao Sheng play the role.

In the color-coded drama, Dan Xing's repertoire is very rich, and there is a saying that "nothing can be done without Dan". Tones can be divided into four categories: Hua Dan, Zheng Dan, Lao Dan and Yao Dan.

Hua Dan often plays musical, which is smart and graceful, lively and warm, handsome and lovely, and pays equal attention to singing and dancing. For example, Mao Gumei in "Wang San Beats Birds", the dragon girl in "Dragon Girl and Han Peng" and Liu Sanjie in "Liu Sanjie".

Zheng Dan's words and deeds are steady and dignified, and he is good at singing and doing. For example, Ponzi in Changed Son, Sanjie in Lower Nanjing, and the mother in the modern drama Three Little Red Flowers. Sometimes he acts as a cheerful and provocative figure, and his performances are close to Dan's, such as Sun Erniang in Doubles Shop and Zhang Ersao in Plastic Bodhisattva.

Lao Dan's characters include a white-haired mother-in-law with crutches and an ordinary old woman. They have diverse personalities and different identities, and they all focus on singing and doing. For example, the mother of "Mothers Send Daughters", the housewife of "Changing Children" and the mother-in-law of "Daughter-in-law and Fat".

Yao Dan, also known as Ugly Dan, plays the role of a provocative shop hostess, matchmaker, witch and other characters, performing white thoughts and work. For example, the matchmaker in Sanjie Liu, the second sister-in-law in Fire Fighting in the Pavilion, and the daughter-in-law in Bad Daughter-in-law Becomes a Cow.

The ugly lines of hue can be divided into three categories: positive ugliness, rotten ugliness and passbook ugliness. Most of the people who are decorated with ugliness are farmers and laborers of various occupations, old and young, with different personalities. They are all decent characters in comedy, performing humor, acting lively and generous, and paying equal attention to singing, doing, reading and dancing. For example, the painter Hu in The Painter married a girl, A San in The Master of Three Dramas, and A Zhi in grinding bean curd.

Ugly people often play people who are not doing their jobs. They take twisting short piles as the main footwork, and their facial muscles are flexible, moody, funny in words and deeds, and good at reading and doing. For example, Wang Er in Wang Li, Wang Li in Blowing Smoke, and Hu Piao in the doubles shop.

Folding ugliness, also called gown ugliness, is decorated by people with more status. The performance is mainly based on high, medium and short piles, good at reading and doing, and has more fan painting skills. For example, Mr. Liu in Seeing a Family Across the River, Ma Jinlong in Washing Embroidered Shoes, and the county magistrate in midnight worshipping Bodhisattva. The performance of ugliness in color-coded dramas is very characteristic, and there are many scenes.

Chromatic music accompaniment is divided into left field and right field, with strings on the left field and percussion on the right field. String is also called drum, which is similar to erhu, dulcimer, pipa, sanxian, suona, flute and other musical instruments, mainly tuning Hu. Percussion instruments, gongs and drums, are relatively simple, and commonly used are three nods, Yi Long, one cymbal and four cymbals.

The timbre of the same tune can be changed on the board cavity according to different occupations, roles and performance life, so there is a saying that "many tunes are shared and the board cavity is subdivided". According to the role line, there are niche cavity, Dan angle cavity, clown cavity, shaking cavity, old school cavity and baby cavity; According to the identity and occupation of the characters, there are Xianggong, Hanako, Xiangmei, Muniang, Monk, Robber and Immortal. According to labor and daily life, there are load-bearing cavities, rowing cavities, digging cavities, dressing cavities and drinking cavities.

Color-tone aria belongs to couplets, which are divided into three categories: plate, cavity and tone. There are complaint boards, crying boards, scolding boards and worrying boards. There are some tunes, such as "Ancient Songs" and "Running Songs". According to the role, there are minority tone, Dan Dan tone and clown tone. According to the identity and occupation of the characters, there are Xianggong Tone and Huazi Tone. There are also weight-bearing songs and drinking songs that express body movements. In addition, some folk tunes popular in the south of the Yangtze River, such as coloratura and October flowers, have been absorbed into the colortone aria.

There are more than 300 colorful songs. Music accompaniment is divided into left and right fields. The left field is orchestral music, including tune Hu, dulcimer, pipa, sanxian, suona and flute. The right field is percussion.

In 1950s, the color drama "Dragon Girl and Han Peng" entered Huairentang in Zhongnanhai from the rural area of Guangxi and performed for the central leadership. From then on, tonal drama was officially named as tonal drama.

In the early 1960s, the folk novel Liu Sanjie entered Zhongnanhai four times, which was popular all over the country and enjoyed a good reputation at home and abroad.

In the mid-1960s, "Three Little Red Flowers" went to Beijing again, and the crew members were cordially received by the central leaders, and were filmed as stage art films by Beijing Film Studio.

At the end of 1970s, the drama Happy Event won the Guangxi Excellent Screenplay Award, which made a major breakthrough in expressing contemporary rural themes.

In the 1980s, Uzi Tu made Guangxi colorful again. For a time, dozens of operas and hundreds of troupes all over the country competed to transplant performances.

In the 1990s, "where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where-where.

At the end of September, 2003, a color-coded art report performance was held in Liu Sanjie's hometown "Yizhou City, Guangxi", Chengnan Square, Zhongshan Square, People's Auditorium, Government Auditorium and other places, with a sea of people and thunderous applause. Guangxi tonal art has been warmly welcomed by "tonal lovers" all over the world.