Let's look at Mr. Chen Hongshou (1768- 1822): "Gu Jian does not grind or breathe, but reads more books for food."
Let's read a couplet "Read more different books for meals".
This sentence means that reading should be miscellaneous. The author of this couplet is said to be Zuo (18 12- 1885), an important official in the late Qing Dynasty. Zuo's reading is characterized by his wide interests and extensive involvement.
Left, 2 1 year-old, failed many times (the highest academic ability is to support people). So disheartened, concentrate on practice and study. His son and daughter-in-law, Tao Shu (1779- 1839, the official governor, a famous minister in Qing dynasty), has a rich collection of books, which just satisfies his desire. "Reading more different books for meals" can be said to be a vivid portrayal of Zuo's reading life.
The Bible says, "When God closes one door for you, he will open another door for you." Later, when the situation changed, Zuo took the opportunity to come out of the mountain and made full use of his lifelong knowledge. Finally, he worshipped Hou and became a very important minister. Can have such achievements, and he pays attention to the accumulation of practice learning has a lot to do.
It's just that Zuo has always had a heart disease, that is, he doesn't have the status of "Jinshi". After his death, posthumous title can't be called "Wen" (because his academic ability is not enough)!
The ancients attached great importance to the word "Wen" in posthumous title. It is estimated that the arrogant Zuo Dashuai has been howling again and again in his heart-"If I can't get this word' Wen' after my death, then I, who calls myself Zhuge Liang now, can't compare with Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang?"
Therefore, after Zuo became the governor, he told Empress Dowager Cixi to take the Jinshi exam in the examination room, which made Lafayette laugh and cry. In the end, the court gave Zuo a favor of being a scholar. So after the old man died, he finally got a "Wen Xiang" posthumous title.
Look at the first part of this book, Gu Jian doesn't grind and save effort.
Why not sharpen a good sword? Why not "try the front and see what the old man does"? Isn't it a waste to be idle there?
In order to answer this question, please look at the widely circulated Gu:
The lighter uses its awn, and it hurts when it moves. It is a weapon; If it's hidden deep, it depends on the occasion. This is a sharp weapon.
I don't know who said these words, but they do tell the essence of China culture-the "sword" can't be used casually, and once used, it will solve big problems.
Next, let's look at Qi Junzao (1793- 1866), the prime minister of the Qing Dynasty. He said, "Only with cultivation can you learn, and uninterrupted work is your hard work".
This couplet is also talking about reading. ?
The second couplet "uninterrupted is kung fu", which means perseverance, three days without fishing and two days drying the net;
The first part of the book "Only practice can make you learn" is about the method of reading-reading more, pondering more, experiencing more and combining practice more.
Regarding this "self-restraint", let's take a look at a passage in Zeng Guofan's letter to his son Ceng Jize:
You have little experience in reading four books, so you can't "swim with an open mind and observe yourself". Zhu teaches people how to read, and this second language is the most accurate.
The word "culvert swimming" is the most difficult to understand, and I have tried to guess that culvert swimming is like a spring rain flower, like a clear canal for irrigating rice. Rain moistens flowers. If it is too small, it will be difficult to penetrate. If it is too big, it will be taken off. If it is moderate, it will nourish and nourish. Irrigation of rice in clear canal will wither if it is too little, and damage and waterlogging if it is too much, and farming and breeding if it is moderate. A swimmer is like a fish swimming, just like a human foot. Cheng Zi said that he jumped into Yu Garden and splashed on the ground. Zhuangzi said that it is not fun to know what he knows. This fish and water are fast. Zuo Taichong has the phrase "Wan Li flows with his feet", while Su Zizhan has the poems of "Sleeping with his feet at night" and "Bathing", and he is also one of the people who enjoy water. A good reader must regard the book as water and the heart as flowers, rice, fish and feet, then it contains the word swimming, which can be expressed in words.
As you can see, the secret of reading taught by Mr. Zeng to his son is to "swim with an open mind and observe yourself". "Swimming with an open mind" means abandoning prejudice, learning with an open mind and pondering repeatedly, and "observing oneself" means experiencing feelings in personal practice.
When it comes to "swimming with an open mind", we can't help but think of the old adage "read a hundred books and see what they mean". Qian (1875- 1944), a modern Jiangnan scholar, has a pair of ink marks, which is also quite impressive.
The following couplets change the previous couplets from "reading more different books for meals" to "rereading old books for meals". A good book also needs to be read repeatedly, and only after repeated reading can we understand the author's profound meaning. Written by Sun Jianai (1827- 1909), the top scholar in the Qing dynasty.
The following is a work by Yan Kai famous writer Zekai Yan (1889- 1948). "Every time I read an old book, I have a new feeling. Gu Mo has a strange fragrance." After repeated reading and thinking, you will learn more with an open mind.
Deng (1743- 1805), a great calligrapher in the Qing dynasty, has an adverb, "When a guest comes to tea, he leaves his tongue behind, and after sleeping, he reads a book in his chest." This is a poem written by Mr. Lu You, which is very beautiful and comfortable.
I fell asleep, and the smell of books still lingered in my chest for a long time. For scholars, this kind of "swimming" is not only painful to ponder, but also happy to ponder.
Let's look at a pair of words "Three nights after a good book is realized, four spring when a good friend comes", which is a group of words in Sun's Book Score.
I don't understand some words when I am reading. These words linger in my mind for a long time, which really makes me "toss and turn" and "thin for Iraq" A quiet moonlit night, "suddenly looking back, the man was in the dim light", finally figured it out! -the fun of reading is probably just that!
(To be continued)