If you find someone getting electrocuted, you should rescue him immediately. The key points of rescue are to first remove the person who gets an electric shock from the power source, and prevent the person who gets an electric shock from falling when disconnecting from the power source; and then implement emergency rescue according to the electric shock situation.
The electrocuted person stops breathing and the heart does not beat. If there is no other fatal trauma, it can only be considered as suspended animation. Rescue must be carried out immediately. Time is the key, before the doctor arrives or during the process of being sent to the hospital. , no interruption in rescue is allowed. Artificial respiration and cardiac massage are the main methods of rescue.
(1) Artificial respiration method
After the electrocuted person stops breathing, the human body stops the supply of oxygen and the discharge of carbon dioxide, which seriously affects the normal physiological activities of the human body. Therefore, artificial respiration must be performed quickly to force gas exchange so that the person who was electrocuted can resume breathing spontaneously. Under normal circumstances, most people who get electrocuted can be saved by timely artificial respiration. Therefore, rescuers must carry forward the spirit of humanitarianism, regardless of gender, old or young, and insist on performing continuous artificial respiration on the electrocuted person, so that good results can be achieved.
During on-site first aid, the mouth-to-mouth blowing method is commonly used for artificial respiration. This method is simple, easy to implement, and has quick results. The specific method is: first, let the person who was electrocuted lie on his back with his face up and his head as far back as possible. , the rescuer pinches the electrocuted person's nose with one hand, opens the electrocuted person's mouth with the other hand, and blows air close to the electrocuted person's mouth (Figure 8-4). You can also blow with a layer of gauze or a handkerchief. The amount of force you use when blowing will vary depending on the circumstances of the person receiving the electric shock. Each time you blow, the chest of the person who gets the electric shock should be slightly bulged. After blowing, quickly move your mouth away, relax the nostrils of the person who gets the electric shock, open his mouth, or open his lower lip with your hands to allow the air to escape. Call) out (Figure 8-5). The speed of blowing should be uniform, usually repeated every 5 seconds. If the person who received an electric shock has started to breathe on his own, he should continue to observe whether breathing will stop again. If it stops again, artificial respiration should be continued. But at this time, artificial respiration should be consistent with the weak spontaneous breathing of the person who was electrocuted.
Figure 8-4 Schematic diagram of artificial respiration and blowing
Figure 8-5 Schematic diagram of artificial respiration and exhalation (2) Heart massage method
If the heart of an electrocuted person stops Beating, intuitively speaking, means that the pulse cannot be felt. At this time, the human body's internal blood vessels are ischemic and hypoxic and lose their normal functions, resulting in death. If the rescue is timely and correct, it is possible to restore the heart's automatic beating. For people who are electrocuted whose heart has stopped beating, artificial external chest compression is usually used to force the heart to resume beating on its own. The specific operating steps are:
① Quickly place the patient in a supine position, flat on the ground or a hard board, untie the collar, and tilt the head back to open the airway. The rescuer kneels (or stands) on the left side of the patient and blows a few breaths into the patient's mouth to keep the airway open and get oxygen.
② Make a fist and punch the patient's precordial area 1 to 2 times. The punch can generate a small amount of current to resume the beating of the heart.
③The compression site is the junction of the middle 1/3 and lower 1/3 of the sternum.
④ Place the heel of your left hand close to the compression area, and overlap the heel of your right hand on the back of your left hand to separate all fingers from the chest wall.
⑤The rescuer should straighten his arms, put his shoulders directly above the patient's chest, and press vertically downwards. The compressions should be steady and regular, without interruption or sudden impact. The time of pressing down and relaxing should be roughly equal.
⑥ Number of compressions: 80 to 100 times per minute for adults; 100 times per minute for children; 120 times per minute for infants.
⑦ Compression depth: 4 to 5 cm of sternum depression for adults, 3 cm for children, and 2 cm for infants.
⑧ To compress the child's heart, just use one palm to press close to the compression area; for babies, just use the middle finger and index finger to apply pressure in the compression area. The position should be higher, close to one point above the midpoint of the nipple line. refer to.
⑨ While performing chest compressions, perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. When there is only one person rescuing, you can first blow 2 times mouth to mouth, then immediately perform 15 heart compressions, then blow 2 times, and then 15 times; if there are two people rescuing, one person can blow 1 time first, and the other person can perform compressions Pump the heart 5 times, then blow once, then press 5 times, and repeat this process until medical personnel arrive at the scene.
⑩The force used for heart compression should not be too strong to prevent rib fractures or other internal organ damage. If it is found that the patient's face turns rosy, his breathing and heartbeat resume, his pulse can be felt, and his pupils retract normally, the rescue is considered successful. Therefore, during rescue operations, close attention should be paid to observing the electrocuted person's breathing, pulse, and pupils.