What kind of changes does biological growth belong to?
What kind of changes does biological growth belong to? Plants can grow, and people can also grow. We have learned in school that the growth of living organisms is through It is achieved through changes in cells, but many people have forgotten what kind of changes this growth is. Today we are going to talk about what kind of changes biological growth is. What kind of changes does biological growth belong to 1
Growth (growth): The process of living organisms from small to large is growth. The growth of multicellular organisms must be considered from two aspects: cell division and cell growth. It refers to the proliferation and enlargement of cells and the increase in intercellular substance, which is manifested as an increase in the size, length and weight of tissues, organs, body parts and even the whole body, as well as changes in body composition, which are quantitative changes. The same relationship holds true for the proliferation of single-celled organisms. In the field of bacteriology, the increase in the number of individuals is also called growth.
Growth is an extremely complex life phenomenon, and its secrets have not yet been fully revealed. From a physical point of view, growth is the increase in size and weight of an animal; from a physiological point of view, it is the proliferation and enlargement of body cells, the development and improvement of functions of tissues and organs; from a biochemical point of view , Growth is the accumulation of chemical components of the body, that is, protein, fat, minerals and water; from a thermodynamic point of view, growth is the difference between energy input and energy output.
Optimal growth occurs when animals have a normal growth rate and adult animals have fully functioning organs. In order to achieve the best growth results, animals must be supplied with a certain amount of various nutrients and a suitable proportion of feed.
Fattening refers to the rapid deposition of lean meat and fat through intensive feeding of meat livestock and poultry in the late growth period. People's demand for lean meat is increasing day by day. Growth and fattening must not only have a high growth rate, but also reduce the amount of fat deposition. To achieve this goal, excessive weight gain is often restricted during the fattening period.
As for breeding livestock and poultry, early growth and development affects lifelong reproductive performance. It is more important to raise them rationally and ensure good breeding body condition. What kind of change does biological growth belong to 2
Growth and control 1
1. Definition of microbial growth and reproduction
Microbial growth is a regular and irreversible process of cellular material Increase, the biological process that results in the expansion of cell size.
Reproduction is a biological process in which microorganisms grow to a certain stage and the number of living individuals increases due to the replication and reconstruction of cell structures and the generation of new living individuals through specific methods. In microbiology, reproduction is defined as an increase in the number of cells.
2. How are DNA replication and cell division coordinated in rapidly growing bacteria?
The control of DNA replication and cell division in bacteria is not connected and has multiple replication forks. During the growth of individual bacterial cells, chromosomes are continuously replicated in a bidirectional manner. Not only is chromosome replication completed before cell division, but also the replication of DNA molecules in the two daughter cells begins.
3. Secondary division of bacteria
At the middle position of the bacterial length, invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane is accompanied by the insertion of newly synthesized peptidoglycan, resulting in centripetal growth of the transverse wall. Finally, they meet in the center and one bacterium divides into two daughter bacteria of equal size.
4. At a given temperature, what does the change in each component of bacteria have a single functional relationship with, and what does it have nothing to do with?
It is related to the growth rate and has nothing to do with the nutrients in the culture medium.
5. What are the different stages of bacterial population growth? What is the reason?
1. Slow phase: the number of bacteria does not increase. Reasons: (1) Seed aging (2) The enzyme system adapted to the new environment is not expressed
2. Logarithmic growth phase: maximum growth rate, logarithmic increase, balanced growth
3 , Stable growth period: The growth rate is zero and the number of viable bacteria is the largest. Reason: Depletion of nutrients, accumulation of metabolites, pH and other environmental changes cause bacteria to be unsuitable for growth
4. Decline phase: metabolic activity is reduced and aging autolysis occurs. Cause: Nutrients are depleted and toxic metabolites accumulate in large quantities
6. Concepts: Quorum sensing, generation time, specific growth rate, doubling time, lag time
Quorum sensing: Bacteria pass through A way of monitoring the concentration of specific signaling molecules secreted by cells and thereby monitoring the density of the population itself. This phenomenon is also called autoinduction, because the concentration of signaling molecules will increase as the bacterial density increases. After exceeding the threshold, the bacteria begin to express a series of density-dependent genes (QS), synthesize biofilms, develop strong secondary metabolism, No more growth and so on.
[Determination of the information exchange and differentiation structure between individual cells]
Generation time: the time required for each bacterium to divide and reproduce for one generation in the growth of individual bacteria
Doubling time: the growth of the population The time required for the number of bacteria to double.
Lag time: During the growth process of microorganisms, the time required to reach the logarithmic growth phase under actual conditions is different from the time required to reach the logarithmic phase under ideal conditions (i.e., no lag phase). The difference in time required for the growth phase can be calculated using a graphical method
7. The mathematical relationship between generation time, specific growth rate, and growth substrate concentration
Generation time G = 0.693/u; specific growth rate u=u m×S/(Ks + S)
u m: maximum specific growth rate; S: growth substrate concentration; Ks: u is u m Substrate concentration at half time
8. What is balanced growth of bacteria?
During the logarithmic growth phase, the number of cells increases logarithmically, and the components of the cells grow steadily in proportion. Be repeatable.
9. What are chemostat continuous culture and turbidistat continuous culture? How to perform continuous culture?
Continuous culture in a chemostat: Keep the flow rate of the culture solution constant and allow the microorganisms to always grow and reproduce below their maximum growth rate. A certain essential nutrient is controlled at a low concentration, acting as a limiting factor, while other nutrients are in excess. Continuous culture with turbidistat: Continuously adjust the flow rate to keep the turbidity of the bacterial culture solution constant. It is generally used in the fermentation industry for the production of bacteria and metabolites parallel to the growth of bacteria.
Continuous culture: A culture method in which microorganisms can grow at a constant specific growth rate and continue to grow by continuously supplementing nutrients and removing the culture during the entire culture period of microorganisms
10. How to obtain synchronously cultured cells?
1) Use mechanical methods, such as centrifugation, filtration separation or membrane elution method (nitrocellulose filter)
2) Use environmental condition control technology, such as temperature, culture medium What kind of change does the composition and obvious physiological cycle of biological growth belong to 3
What is the growth law of all things in the world?
Everything in the world is numbered. The occurrence, development, prosperity and decline of all things have a certain number. Things are always performed in an orderly manner according to their growth genes and the laws of time and space. The sprouting, branching, leafing, flowering, fruiting, withering, and death of plants, their seeds have long contained the code of growth procedures. The conception, formation, birth, growth, exuberance, decline, and death of animals are also based on their innate determination. The information code evolves in an orderly manner.
The movement of heaven and earth, the transformation of time and space, changes in the environment and climate, the birth and death of all things, and even the biochemical extinction of the earth itself, all have certain laws or laws. These rules and laws are all attributed to numbers, and these rules and laws are fixed numbers. In philosophical language, this is the "objective regularity" of the development and change of things.
Scientists used an infrared camera to take a photo of plant growth. In this photo, there is the light and shadow of a complete leaf where the leaf buds are growing. Later, this leaf bud gradually grows into a complete leaf. When I picked this leaf and compared it, it matched the light and shadow exactly in the photo. This means that when the leaf buds bloom, there is a certain number of what the leaf buds will look like and what size they will be. This light and shadow is the limit for the growth of this leaf bud.
After the leaves grow, there is a certain amount of time it will take before they turn yellow, wither, float, and turn into soil. All things are inseparable from the constraints of numbers, and have their destiny of life, transformation, and death.
Our sages have long said: "The law is based on yin and yang, and it is combined with the magic number." In other words, everything originates from Yin and Yang, is produced from Yin and Yang, and is in harmony with the magic number. "The art of numbers connects the heaven and the earth, and yin and yang determine the universe." Everything is inseparable from yin and yang, and it is inseparable from the art of numbers. Without yin and yang, without magic, there would be nothing. The Book of Changes is the study of the yin and yang of heaven and earth. Therefore, the Book of Changes is also called "the mathematics of magic".
Since everything is determined, nature is like this, and of course people are like this too. Heaven and man are one, and human birth, old age, illness and death cannot escape the constraints of numbers. A person's birth, growth, "at thirty he stands, at forty he is not confused, at fifty he understands destiny...", and even in his sixties, age, age, old age and death, all are in order and have a certain number. of.
Everything has its own destiny, whether it is a group or an individual. In terms of human beings, everyone’s lifespan is also fixed. The length of each person's lifespan and the difference in lifespan are determined by the information code brought innately. When a person is reincarnated, the information code brought innately has been stored in the biological beam of his soul. After he grows up, the information code in his soul will dominate this person according to its established trajectory. life process.
Therefore, when a person comes into the world on a certain day, year, month, time, and environment, these specific time and space conditions have already arranged his or her life’s destiny, so his or her fortune will be good or bad, rich or poor. Shou Yao has a certain number.
Why can the fortune of a person’s life, good and bad luck, be known by calculating the four pillars and eight characters? It is because these four pillars and eight characters are the condensation of the time and space conditions when the person was born, and they store the information code that controls the person's life destiny, good and bad fortune. Cracking this code can reveal the person's established life trajectory.
From this point of view, it is possible, credible and reasonable for Yichai workers to predict a person’s life destiny based on his four pillars and eight characters. “Four Pillars and Eight Characters Prediction” has become a life information science It is what is appropriate, reasonable, and deserves its scientific status. Therefore, some people denounce the "Four Pillars and Eight Characters Prediction" as feudal superstition, which is extremely wrong, very arbitrary, and unreasonable. Real scientific workers should firmly oppose it.
To put it simply, fortune telling and horoscope prediction are just a "decoding technology", but this "decoding technology" is not easy to master. It is not surprising that some people do not understand numerology theory nor decoding technology, so they denigrate the "Four Pillars and Eight Characters Prediction".
To sum up, it can be seen that human lifespan is indeed fixed.