The principle of ironmaking is the process of putting iron ore, oil, coal, coke and other raw materials into blast furnace for heating, and taking out oxygen from iron to form iron.
Ironmaking refers to the process of extracting metallic iron from iron-containing minerals (mainly iron oxide), which mainly includes blast furnace method, direct reduction method, melting reduction method and plasma method.
From the metallurgical point of view, ironmaking is the reverse behavior of iron rusting and mineralization. Simply put, pure iron is reduced by iron-containing compounds. There is no pure iron in actual production, but an iron-carbon alloy is obtained.
Blast furnace ironmaking is an important link in steel production. This method is developed and improved on the basis of ancient shaft furnace ironmaking. Blast furnace body is divided into throat, shaft, waist, belly and hearth from top to bottom. Blast furnace ironmaking technology has the advantages of good economic index, simple process, large production capacity, high labor production efficiency and low energy consumption.
What are the characteristics of blast furnace ironmaking?
The scale of blast furnace ironmaking is large, and the volume of blast furnace is constantly expanding both in other countries and in China. For example, Baosteel's blast furnace in China is 4063m3, with a daily output of more than 4,000 tons of pig iron, more than 4,000 tons of slag and a daily consumption of more than 4,000 tons of coke.
Refining iron ore into iron is a complicated process. Iron ore, coke and limestone are added into the blast furnace together, and iron is reduced from iron ore by carbon monoxide produced by the reaction in the furnace at high temperature.
The iron content of iron ore is called the workplace. Before smelting, it must be carefully selected to remove other impurities and improve the grade of iron ore. And then sent to a blast furnace for smelting after crushing, grinding and sintering. The function of coke is to provide heat and produce reducing agent carbon monoxide.