"Shape" and "potential" are two basic factors that determine the outcome of a war: "Shape" refers to factors that are objective, stable and easy to see, such as the strength of combat effectiveness and the material preparation for a war; "Potential" refers to subjective, changeable and accidental factors, such as the distribution of troops, morale and courage. "Virtual Reality" is about how to make a detour through decentralized assembly.
As a result, at the scheduled battle site, we were one strong and one weak, and in the end, we were outnumbered. The battle of the army is about how to "take detour as a straight line" and "take suffering as an advantage" to seize the combat advantage. The "Nine Changes" is about the general adopting different strategies and tactics according to different situations. Marching is about how to camp and observe the enemy during marching. Terrain is about six different operational terrains and their corresponding tactical requirements.
"Nine Places" is about formulating nine operational environments and corresponding tactical requirements according to the situation of "subject and object" and the degree of penetration into the enemy. Fire attack is auxiliary fire. Housing is about the cooperative use of five kinds of spies. The language in the book is concise and the content is very philosophical. Many generals were later influenced by this book.
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Many works believe that the spread of Sun Tzu's Art of War abroad was first in Japan, followed by Korea. Because these two countries adjacent to China have frequent cultural exchanges with China in history, and Nara sent overseas students to study in China many times, which undoubtedly built a convenient bridge for the eastward spread of Sun Tzu's Art of War.
According to historical records, Kibi No Asomi Makibi, a Japanese student who studied in China for 17 years, went through hardships to return to the motherland in 734 AD, that is, in the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. This well-read man, who studied civil and military affairs, left the prosperous capital of the Tang Dynasty without any silk treasures. Instead, he used the money given to him by the Tang Dynasty to buy books, bundled a large number of books recording China's military science and legal knowledge, and passed them on to Japanese literati and military commanders after returning home.
According to an ancient Japanese book called "The Continuation of Japanese History", in the 26th year (AD 760) after Jibei returned to China, Nara Dynasty sent six people, including Kasugabe, a swordsman, and Sumi, a central defender, to Taizaifu to learn the knowledge of Nine Places of Sun Tzu, Eight Arrays of Zhuge Liang and How to Camp. This shows that Sun Tzu's Art of War, regarded as a "military classic" by people, is indeed included in this batch of ancient books brought back to northern Hebei. If this record is accurate, the Art of War has been introduced to Japan for at least 1200 years.