Survival in the wild means people survive in the mountains and jungles where there is no accommodation. Special forces, scouts, airborne troops, and marines who go deep behind enemy lines, as well as soldiers and air crews who lose contact with their troops during the battle, in isolated enemy rear areas or in unfamiliar wilderness jungles and isolated islands, where instruments are cut off. Under such circumstances, bottom-up skills in the wild are even more needed. Here are some simple common sense for survival in the wild.
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Wild Survival Skills
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Wild Survival Skills
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Determine the direction
Soldiers do not have terrain maps and compasses When using standard equipment, you need to master some methods of using natural features to determine the direction.
It is very simple to use the sun to determine the direction
You can use a benchmark (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and place a stone at the vertex A of the shadow of the benchmark; about 10 Minutes later, when the vertex of the benchmark's shadow moves to B, place another stone. Connect two points A and B into a straight line. The direction of this straight line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the line AB is north-south, and the end facing the sun is south.
Use an analog watch to determine the direction of the sun. The method is: place the watch horizontally and halve the time indicated by the hour hand (in a 24-hour format), facing the sun. The direction indicated by the 12 o'clock scale on the dial is roughly north. If the time is 16 o'clock, the 8 o'clock scale of the watch points to the sun, and the 12 o'clock scale points to the north.
When the weather is clear at night, you can use the North Star to determine the direction. To find Polaris, you must first find the Ursa Major constellation (what we call the Big Dipper). The constellation consists of seven stars that begin like a spoon. After finding the Big Dipper, follow the line connecting the two stars A and B on the edge of the spoon and extend towards the mouth of the spoon about 5 times the distance between the two stars A and B. The brighter star is the Polar Star. The direction pointed by Polaris is north. You can also use the Cassiopeia constellation opposite the Big Dipper to find the North Star. The Cassiopeia constellation consists of 5 stars that are about the same brightness as the Big Dipper and are shaped like a W. Polaris can be found in front of the middle of the W-shaped gap, about twice the width of the entire gap.
Using surface features to determine orientation is a supplementary method. When used, it should be used flexibly according to different situations. Freestanding trees usually have leafy southern foliage and smooth bark. The annual ring lines on tree stumps are usually thinner in the south and denser in the north. The doors and windows of rural houses and the main entrances of temples usually open to the south. Snow on buildings, mounds, field ridges, and highlands usually melts faster in the south and slower in the north. The south side of large rocks, mounds, and big trees is densely covered with vegetation, while the north side is prone to moss.
When you lose your way in the wild, do not panic, but stop immediately, always calmly recall the path you have taken, try to re-orientate according to all possible signs, and then try again. Find the way. The most reliable method is to "find your way back" and return to the original starting point.
After losing your way in the mountains, you should first climb up and look far away to judge which direction you should go. You should usually walk in a low-lying direction so that you can easily encounter water sources. It is safest to walk along the river. This is especially important in the forest. Because roads and residential areas are often built along waterfronts.
If you encounter a fork in the road and there are many roads that make you confused, you must first clarify the direction you want to go, and then choose the correct road. If several roads have roughly the same direction and cannot be determined, you should take the middle road first. This way you can get the best of both worlds, and even if you go the wrong way, you won't deviate too far.
Crossing complex terrain
When traveling in mountains, in order to avoid losing direction, save energy, and increase travel speed, you should strive to have roads that do not go through forests and cross the mountains, and there should be big roads instead of small roads, such as If there are no roads, you can choose to travel on longitudinal mountain ridges, ridges, mountainsides, edges of rivers and streams, and terrain with tall trees, sparse forests, large gaps, and low grass. We must strive to walk across the bridge rather than across the ditch, and to walk vertically rather than horizontally.
When traveling, take long strides rather than small steps. In this way, after dozens of kilometers, you can save more than ten thousand steps. When tired, use slow, relaxed steps to rest without stopping. When climbing rocks, you should carefully observe the rocks, carefully identify the quality and weathering degree of the rocks, and determine the direction and route of climbing.
The basic method of rock climbing is the "three-point fixation" method, that is, fixing two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand, and then moving the remaining hand or foot to move the body's center of gravity upward. The hands and feet must cooperate well to avoid moving two points at the same time. They must be steady, light and fast. Choose the most appropriate distance and the most stable fulcrum according to your own situation. Do not take long steps or grab or pedal too far away.
Climbing hillsides below 30 degrees can be done in a straight line. When climbing, lean your body slightly forward, put all your feet on the ground, bend your knees, and make your feet appear in an outward "figure of eight" shape. Don't step too big or too fast. When the slope is greater than 30 degrees, a zigzag climbing route is generally adopted. When climbing, bend your legs slightly, lean your upper body forward, put your inner toes forward, touch the entire sole of your foot on the ground, and turn your outer toes slightly outward. If you accidentally slip while walking, you should immediately face the hillside, open your arms but straighten your legs, raise your toes, and move your body up as much as possible to reduce the speed of sliding. In this way, you can try to find climbing and supporting objects while sliding.
Never sit facing outwards, as this will not only cause you to slide faster, but may also cause you to roll over on steeper slopes.
Rivers are frequent obstacles in mountainous and plain areas. When encountering a river, do not rush into the water. Observe carefully before determining the location and method of crossing the river. Mountainous rivers usually have fast currents, low water temperatures, and rugged river beds. When fording, in order to maintain body balance, you should use a meridian to support the upstream direction of the water, or hold a stone weighing 15 to 20 kilograms in your hand. When wading in a group, three or four people can line up, hug each other's shoulders, and the strongest person is in the upstream direction.
Collecting food
There are two main ways to obtain food in the wild. One is hunting wild animals, the other is collecting wild plants.
To hunt wild animals, you must first know the animal's habitat and master the animal's life patterns, and then hunt by methods such as trapping, snaring, trapping, and shooting. This requires a long period of training and practice under the guidance of experts to truly master it. The following is a brief introduction to the types and eating methods of edible insects and edible wild plants.
Insects that people around the world eat include snails, earthworms, ants, cicadas, cockroaches, crickets, butterflies, locusts, grasshoppers, lake flies, spiders, mantises, etc. Although people are not used to eating insects, and may even feel disgusted with it, they still try it as a last resort in order to maintain their lives, maintain their combat effectiveness, and complete their tasks. However, it should be noted that the food must be cooked or roasted thoroughly to prevent parasites from the insects from entering the human body and causing poisoning or illness.
Common edible insects include locusts; dipped in soy sauce and eaten roasted, boiled or stir-fried; mantis: roasted or stir-fried after removing its wings, or boiled; dragonfly: edible after dry frying: cicada : Eaten raw or dry-fried, the larvae can also be eaten; Centipede: Dry-fried, but the taste is not good; Longhorn beetle: The larvae can be eaten raw or roasted; Ant: Fried, delicious; Spider: Remove the legs and roasted; Termites: Can be eaten raw Or fried food; pine caterpillar: grilled food.
Edible wild plants include edible wild fruits, wild vegetables, algae, lichens, mushrooms, ferns, etc. The identification of edible wild plants is a staple of bottom-up knowledge in the wild. Our country has a vast territory and is suitable for the growth of various plants, of which about 2,000 are edible. Common edible wild fruits in my country include: mountain grape, tusi, black blind fruit, strawberry, sea buckthorn, torch fruit, myrtle, elegans, black rice tree, amla, etc., especially wild chestnut, coconut, papaya Easier to identify and a great emergency survival food. Common wild vegetables include bitter greens, dandelions, Houttuynia cordata, purslane, amaranth, shepherd's purse, wild amaranth, broom greens, water chestnuts, lotus, reeds, moss, etc. Wild vegetables can be eaten raw, stir-fried, cooked or by boiling and soaking.
However, the average person needs a certain period of training under the guidance of experts to master this knowledge. Here is the simplest method to identify whether wild plants are poisonous or not, for use in emergencies. Usually, a small opening is cut into the collected plants, a pinch of salt is put in, and then carefully observed to see if the original color changes. Usually, discolored plants cannot be eaten.
4. Methods of Obtaining Drinking Water
There are usually two ways to obtain drinking water: one is to dig underground water, and the other is to purify surface water. We only introduce the methods of obtaining drinking water from surface water.
Usually rainwater can be drank directly. When it rains, you can use ponchos, plastic sheets to collect rainwater in large quantities, or you can use empty cans, cups, helmets and other containers to collect rainwater.
When there is no reliable drinking water and no testing equipment, you can roughly identify the quality of the water based on its color, taste, temperature, and water traces
Wild survival skills: finding water , Collect water
3. When drinking water from water accumulation in depressions, it must be disinfected and precipitated before boiling for drinking.
4. Collect rainwater: Dig a hole in the ground, cover it with a layer of plastic, and surround it with clay to effectively collect rainwater.
6. Follow the tracks of animals, birds, insects, or humans to find water sources.
Wildland survival skills: lighting a fire in the wild
Using sleeping bags
There are techniques for sleeping in sleeping bags. People who don't know how to "sleep" will feel cold even if they use an alpine sleeping bag (minus 35 degrees) at normal low temperatures (minus 5 degrees), so how can they sleep warmer? When using a sleeping bag, there are many external factors that affect the performance of the sleeping bag. It should be noted that the sleeping bag itself does not generate heat. It only effectively reduces body temperature loss. The following conditions will help you sleep warmer.
▲ Windproof and moisture-proof
In the wild, a windproof tent can provide a warm sleeping environment. When choosing a campsite, do not choose a valley bottom, where cold air gathers, and try to avoid ridges or valleys that are exposed to strong winds. A good moisture-proof pad can effectively separate the sleeping bag from the cold and wet ground. Inflatable ones are even better. Two ordinary moisture-proof pads are needed on snow.
▲ Keep the sleeping bag dry
The moisture absorbed by the sleeping bag does not mainly come from the outside world, but from the human body. Even in extremely cold conditions, the human body will still excrete at least a small cup during sleep. of moisture. When the insulation cotton gets wet, it will stick to each other and lose its elasticity, and its thermal insulation capacity will decrease. If the sleeping bag is used for many days, it is best to dry it in the sun. Cleaning your sleeping bag regularly will keep the insulation flexible.
▲ Wear more clothes
Some softer clothes can double as thickened pajamas.
Filling the gap between the person and the sleeping bag can also enhance the warmth of the sleeping bag.
▲ Warm up before going to bed
The human body is the source of heat for the sleeping bag. If you do a short warm-up exercise or drink a cup of hot drink before going to bed, your body temperature will be slightly raised and help shorten the time. Warming time for the sleeping bag.
Always have a first aid kit
In the wild, no one can predict what will happen. A first aid kit can prolong your life, so be sure to carry it with you.
The first aid box stores the following items for basic first aid:
① Bandages
Different widths and materials to handle different areas and types of damage.
Generally include:
Gauze rolling strip bandage: suitable for treating general wounds, mainly used as a fixed dressing.
Elastic rolling bandage: It is elastic. In addition to being used to treat wounds, it can also be used to treat general strains, sprains, varicose veins and other injuries to stabilize the injured limb and reduce swelling.
Triangular bandage: The triangular bandage can be used in its entirety or folded into bandages of different widths. Usually used as a hand hanger to support the upper limbs.
② Dressing
It is made of several layers of gauze and has a flexible texture. It is mainly used to cover wounds and absorb secretions; for wounds with heavy bleeding and secretions, the coverage can be thickened.
③ Dressing package
The dressing package consists of a cotton pad and a rolling bandage. Cover the wound with a cotton pad (i.e. dressing) and secure it with the included rolling bandage.
④ Disinfection potions
Introducing the uses of several commonly used disinfectants:
1. Gentian violet (purple potion): accelerates wound scabbing and wound healing .
2. Mercurochrome (red solution): protects wounds and has antibacterial effects.
3. Alcohol and iodine: used for surface disinfection of non-mucosal wounds. It cannot be used to disinfect wounds.
4. Hydrogen peroxide: used for basic disinfection of contaminated mucous membranes or broken wounds.
⑤ Clean cotton balls
Use to clean wounds and soak them in disinfectant before use.
⑥ Disinfectant tape
Usually used to treat smaller wounds. Before applying the tape, you must make sure that the skin around the wound is dry and clean, otherwise it will not stick firmly.
⑦ Tape
Used to fix dressings, rolling bandages or triangular bandages
⑧ Various pills
Such as Contac, cold Tong, berberine, Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets, Biliton, Huoxiang Zhengqi Pills, stomach medicine, etc.
⑨ Snake medicine
Vacuum poison extractor, Shanghai snake medicine, Ji Desheng snake medicine
⑩ Others
Eye drops, ten thousand flower oil, hemostatic patches, cooling oil, carminative oil, etc.
Wild survival skills--how to find the correct route
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As long as there is sun, you can use your watch to find your direction.
Find and collect water
1. When drinking water from water pools in depressions, you must first disinfect and precipitate it before boiling it for drinking.
2. Collect rainwater: Dig a hole in the ground, cover it with a layer of plastic, and surround it with clay to effectively collect rainwater.
3. Water sources can be found by following traces of animals, birds, insects, or humans.
Edit other tips in this paragraph
Wild survival skills: finding and collecting water
Life is inseparable from water. Normal people can live for three weeks without food, but You can’t live for three days without water, so water should be given priority. Here are a few tips to help you quickly find or collect water in the wild.
1. The first choice for finding water sources is at the bottom of valleys. When looking for water in high mountain areas, you should look for it along rock cracks. Spring holes are often dug in dry rivers
and in gravel areas. .
2. On the coast, the pit should be dug above the highest waterline. There is likely to be a layer of sedimented water about 5 cm thick floating on the denser seawater layer.
3. When drinking water from pools of water in depressions, it must first be disinfected, precipitated and then boiled for drinking.
4. Collect rainwater: Dig a hole in the ground, cover it with a layer of plastic, and surround it with clay to effectively collect rainwater.
5. Condensation: Put a plastic bag on a twig with thick leaves. The transpiration from the leaves will produce condensation.
6. Water sources can be found by following traces of animals, birds, insects, or humans.
7. Obtain water from plants: Water is often stored in the internodes of hollow plants such as bamboo, vines often have drinkable sap, and the fruits and stems of palms and cactus plants are rich in Moisture.
8. Solar still: In arid desert areas, water can be better collected using the following method: dig a pit about 90 cm wide and 45 cm deep in the relatively moist ground, with the center of the bottom of the pit Place a water collector and hang an arc-shaped plastic film over the surface of the pit. The light energy increases the temperature of the moist soil and air in the pit, and evaporates to produce water vapor. When the water vapor comes into contact with the plastic film, it condenses into water droplets and slides down into the container.
Lighting a fire in the wild
What can fire be used for? Cook food thoroughly.
Correct answer! It also has many uses: the flame releases heat to produce warmth, which will save body heat loss; it can dry clothes; smoked meat can be kept fresh for a longer time; it can scare away dangerous beasts; its smoke can drive away pests and also It can smelt metal making tools... It's awesome. I'll teach you a few tricks on how to make a fire in the wild.
The first thing is to find flammable fire starters: such as dead grass, dry leaves, birch bark, pine needles, rosin, twigs, paper, cotton, etc.
The second step is to pick up dry firewood: dry, undecayed tree trunks or branches should be chosen for dry firewood. Try to choose hardwoods such as pine, oak, oak, birch, locust, mountain cherry, mountain apricot, etc., which have a long burning time, large fire intensity and a lot of charcoal. Do not pick up firewood close to the ground. Firewood close to the ground has high humidity, is difficult to burn, and smokes a lot.
The next step is to clear an open space that is sheltered from the wind, flat, and away from dead grass and dry firewood. Place the kindling in the middle, lightly place thin pine branches, thin dry firewood, etc. on top, then set up larger and longer firewood, and then light the kindling. The setting of the fire should be adapted to local conditions, and can be designed in a cone shape, a star shape, a "parallel" shape, a side-by-side shape, a roof shape, a pasture shape, etc. You can also use stones to prop up dry firewood or lean the dry firewood against the rock wall, place a attractor underneath and light it. Under normal circumstances, dig a pit about 1 meter in diameter and 30 centimeters deep in a sheltered area. If the ground is too hard to dig a hole, you can also find some rocks and form a circle. The size of the circle will depend on the size of the fire. Then place the leader in the middle of the circle, place some dry firewood on top, and light the leader to ignite the firewood to create a bonfire. If the dry firewood has not ignited when the fire starter is about to burn out, you should continue to add firelighters from the gaps in the dry firewood until the firewood is burning, instead of setting up new firewood to light the fire.
Finally, it is best to light a bonfire near water, or prepare some mud, sand, gravel, moss, etc. beside the bonfire for timely fire extinguishing.
Finding the correct route
The skills of finding the correct route must be accumulated through daily outdoor activities. For example: develop the habit of referring to maps and compasses at any time, and actively observe the surrounding terrain and plants around you to determine the correct location.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. This is the most basic way to identify the direction. You can also use the stick shadow method to measure. When the sun is enough to form a shadow, erect a straight stick (more than 1 meter) on the flat ground, put a stone (or make other marks) on the top of the stick's shadow, and the stick The shadow will move with the movement of the sun. After 30-60 minutes, place another stone on top of the shadow of the stick again. Then draw a straight line between the two stones, and in the middle of this line draw a straight line that intersects it perpendicularly. Then step on the first marked point with your left foot and the second marked point with your right foot. At this time, the front of the standing person is due north, the back is due south, the right hand is east, and the left hand is west.
If you get lost on a cloudy day, you can get your bearings by looking at the growth of moss on trees or stones. In terms of trees in the northern hemisphere, the south is where the leaves grow thickest. If you cut a tree, the side with wider growth rings and the side with moss is the north.
Use the stars: In the northern hemisphere, Polaris is usually the target. The key to using the North Star to identify directions at night is to accurately find the North Star in the vast sea of ??stars. There are many ways to know the North Star. Here is a simple and effective one:
First look for the dipper-shaped Big Dipper (a), and extend the distance between the two stars on the handle of the dipper five times. Polaris (d) can be found on this straight line. The stars on these two handles are generally called key planets. If you can't see the Big Dipper, look for the Cassiopeia constellation (b) in the opposite direction. The Cassiopeia constellation is formed by five stars. They look like the shape of the English letter M or W tilted to one side. Draw a straight line from a star in the constellation Cassiopeia to find the North Star at almost the same distance from the Big Dipper to the North Star. The direction of Polaris is true north.
Looking at the direction with a watch: I want to know the direction but I don’t have a compass in my hand. In this case, you can use your watch to find your direction as long as the sun is shining.
Put the matchstick upright on the ground, and then place the watch horizontally on the ground. Overlap the shadow of the matchstick with the short hand. The direction of the twelve o'clock on the surface and the middle of the scale pointed by the short hand are south. , the opposite side is north.
If you don’t have any matches, you can use small branches instead to make your shadows more accurate. If you are engaged in challenging survival activities, remember to wear a watch. At this time, an ordinary watch is more valuable than a digital watch. Because the hour and minute hands on an ordinary watch will become an important tool for survival when necessary.