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1 range
This technology standard is applicable to the pasting construction of external wall tile engineering and internal wall tile engineering of industrial and civil buildings.
2 Construction preparation
2. 1 material requirements
2.2. 1 cement: Portland cement of grade 32.5 or above or ordinary portland cement. There should be a factory certificate or a re-examination form. If it leaves the factory for more than three months, it should be used according to the test results.
2. 1.2 white cement: No.325 white cement.
2. 1.3 sand: coarse sand or medium sand, which should be screened before use.
2. 1.4 brick: the surface of brick should be smooth, square, flat and firm, and its varieties, specifications,
Size, color and pattern should be consistent and must meet the design requirements. There shall be no defects such as lack of stare blankly, falling corners, dark marks and cracks. Its performance indicators should comply with the provisions of the current national standards, and the water absorption of glazed tiles should not be greater than 10%.
2. 1.5 Lime plaster: To be drenched with massive quicklime, it must be filtered by a sieve with a pore size of not more than 3㎜×3㎜ and stored in a sedimentation tank.
Curing time is generally not less than15d; At room temperature; When used for trimming, it should not be less than 30 d. When used, lime putty must not contain immature particles and other impurities.
2. 1.6 quicklime powder: the lime paste used for plastering can be replaced by finely ground quicklime powder, and its fineness should pass through a 4900-hole /㎝2 sieve. When used for finishing, the curing time should not be less than 3 days.
2. 1.7 fly ash: passing through a 0.08㎜ square hole sieve, the sieve allowance is not more than 5%.
2. 1.8 107 glue and mineral pigments, etc.
2.2 Main machines and tools:
2.2. 1 Weighing scale, iron plate, sieve with aperture of 5㎜, window screen, handcart, vat, keg, flat shovel, wooden trowel, iron trowel, large bar, middle bar, small bar, guide rule, square ruler, molten iron level, ash trough, ash spoon, metric strip, brush, etc.
2.3 Operating conditions:
2.3. 1 Set the outer frame according to relevant regulations. The step height and erection of the frame should comply with the construction requirements and safety operation procedures, and its bearing rods and tie rods should leave the walls and doors and windows 150 ~ 200 ㎜. When pasting indoors, the horse stool or door frame is ready.
2.3.2 The main structure has been accepted. Wall plastering and ceiling plastering have been completed. The floor waterproofing and wall waterproofing of rooms with waterproof requirements have been completed according to the design requirements.
2.3.3 Balcony railings, reserved holes, drainage pipes, etc. Should be treated, the door and window sash should be fixed, the gap should be blocked with 1: 3 cement mortar, and the protective film should be pasted in advance.
2.3.4 The water and electricity pipelines have been installed and the pipe holes have been blocked. Clean up the wall at the grass-roots level and build by laying bricks or stones feet, eyes, window sills and window covers in advance.
2.3.5 Choose bricks according to the size and color of ceramic tiles, and store them in categories for later use.
2.3.6 Before large-scale construction, enlarge the template, make a template wall, determine the construction technology and operation points, and make disclosure to the construction personnel. When external wall brick is pasted, the sample wall must pass the pull-out test after completion and be approved by the design, Party A and the construction unit before organizing the team to carry out construction according to the requirements of the sample wall.
3 operation process
3. 1 process flow:
Grass-roots treatment → hanging vertically, setting square, finding rules → pasting ash cake → plastering bottom mortar → elastic line framing → arranging bricks → soaking bricks → tiling bricks → jointing and wiping the joints of face bricks.
3.2 the operation method of concrete wall at the grass-roots level
3.2. 1 grass-roots treatment: firstly, level the concrete protruding from the wall, chisel the concrete wall constructed by large steel formwork, brush it with steel wire brush, and then water it to wet it. If the surface of concrete base is smooth, the following "roughening treatment" method can be adopted, that is, first clean the dust and dirt on the surface, brush off the oil stains on the board surface with 10% caustic soda water, then wash the lye dry with clear water, and then mix it with 1 fine cement mortar with 65438+20% water.
3.2.2 Hang vertically, set square, find rules and paste grey cakes: when pasting exterior wall tiles, if the building is high-rise, use theodolite to play vertical lines at the four corners and doors and windows to find straightness; If it is a multi-storey building, it can be hoisted vertically from the top floor with a special big line, and then set up points and make ash cakes in layers according to the specifications and sizes of tiles. The horizontal line is controlled by the floor as the horizontal datum line, and the vertical line is controlled by the surrounding large corners and columns or buttresses, which should all be whole bricks. When each layer is primed, the ash cake is used as the reference point of screed to make the bottom ash horizontal and vertical. At the same time, we should pay attention to find out the slope of running water and drip line (groove) of cornices, waistlines, windowsills, awnings and other decorative surfaces.
3.2.3 Priming mortar: firstly, brush a layer of 107 glue slurry with water weight of 10%, then smear the priming mortar layer by layer (using cement mortar with mixing ratio of 1: 3), the thickness of the first pass is 5㎜, then smooth it with a wooden trowel, and water it the next day; When the first time is 60% to 70% dry, it can be plastered for the second time, with a thickness of about 8 ~ 12 ㎜, then leveled with wooden poles, leveled with wooden trowels, and watered and maintained the next day. If it needs to be plastered for the third time, its operation method is the same as the second time, until the bottom mortar is plastered.
3.2.4 Elastic line division: When the base course is 60% to 70% dry, elastic line division can be performed in sections according to the requirements of drawings, and standard points can also be affixed on the surface course to control the size, verticality and smoothness of the surface course.
3.2.5 Brick arrangement: arrange bricks horizontally and vertically according to the detailed drawing and wall size to ensure that the gaps of tiles are uniform and meet the requirements of design drawings. Note that the walls, columns and buttresses should be arranged in whole bricks, and the non-whole bricks arranged vertically and horizontally on the same wall should not exceed one row. Non-whole brick rows should be arranged in secondary parts, such as window walls or internal corners. Also pay attention to consistency and symmetry. If there are prominent clamping pieces, the whole brick should be used for cutting and matching, and non-whole bricks should not be used to piece together and stick together at will.
3.2.6 Tile dipping: Before the glazed tile and the external wall tile are bonded, the tile should be cleaned, soaked in clear water for more than 2 hours, and then taken out to dry or wipe the surface before use.
Tile settings:
1 External wall pasting: External wall pasting should be done from top to bottom. After taking measures for high-rise buildings, it can be carried out in sections. The tiles in each part or block are arranged from bottom to top. Stabilize the guiding rule from the position line of the lower skin of the bottom layer brick and hold the first skin brick. Draw a horizontal line at the top of the tile skin as the setting standard.
1:2 cement mortar should be used on the back of the brick, and the thickness of the mortar is 6 ~10 mm. After the mortar is pasted, tap it with the handle of a gray shovel to hang up the line, then adjust the vertical joint with steel plate operation, and transfer the high-speed plane and verticality of the standard point with a small bar.
Another method is to use 1: 1 cement mortar, add 107 glue, accounting for 20% of the water weight, and paste it on the back of the brick with a thickness of 3 ~ 4 mm. But in this way, the grass-roots ash must be smoothed, and the sand must be screened with window screens before use.
In addition, you can also use rubber powder to paste tiles with a thickness of 2 ~ 3 mm, so that the base ash will be smoother.
If it is necessary to splice glazed tiles, use millibar to control the width of horizontal joints between tiles, temporarily paste them with mortar and medium ash, and paste millibar on the spliced tiles. In order to ensure its smoothness, Xiao Mu wedge can be temporarily padded.
Parapet coping, windowsill, waist line and other plane parts should also be set with ceramic tiles. Besides the slope of running water meets the design requirements, the top ceramic tiles should be pressed on the vertical ceramic tiles to prevent air cracks caused by water seepage and have it both ways. At the same time, the bottom row of tiles on the facade must be pressed against the bottom plane tiles, and the bottom plane tiles should be 3~5mm lower, so as to play the role of super drip line (trough) and prevent air cracks caused by urine eaves.
2 Tiling in the room: Tiling in the room should start from the outer corner of the room and proceed from top to bottom. According to the horizontal line of the ground, embed a ruler or ruler, and correct the horizontal direction of the first row of tiles with a level. When pasting, the lower mouth of the wall brick sits on the splayed foot or guide foot to prevent the tile from slipping due to its own weight and ensure that it is horizontal, flat and vertical. Scrape 1:2 cement mortar knife ash on the back of the brick, with a thickness of 6 ~10 mm. According to dimension line, sit the brick on the eight-character ruler or guiding rule, press it hard on the wall, make it slightly higher than the sign block, tap it with the handle of the ash shovel after pasting, and make the brick closely fit with the wall. Then adjust the vertical seam with steel plate, and adjust the plane with a small bar through standard points. For those higher than the logo block, tap to make them flush. If it is lower than the sign block, take the brick below, wipe the knife ash again, and then paste it. Brick mouth not fortress ash, otherwise it will produce empty drum. Then paste it in turn according to the above method. Pay attention to the flatness of adjacent tiles and the flatness in vertical and horizontal directions when pasting. If the specifications or geometric shapes of ceramic tiles are different, they should be adjusted at any time to make the gap width consistent. Stick it on the top line. Ask your mouth to be in a straight line. If there is no bead (edge) on the top, you should stick round tiles. One side of the outer corner is a round tile, and the top block of this row is two round tiles.
3.2.8 Tile jointing and seam wiping: When laying and drawing tiles, use 1: 1 cement mortar for jointing, first hook horizontal joints, and then hook vertical joints. After jointing, it is required to be recessed into the outer surface of tiles by 2 ~ 3mm ... If the horizontal and vertical joints are dry extrusion joints or less than 3 mm, white cement and pigments should be used for seam wiping. After the ceramic tile seam is hooked, clean it with cloth or cotton silk dipped in dilute hydrochloric acid.
3.3 the operation method of brick wall at the grass-roots level:
3.3. 1 Before plastering, the wall must be cleaned and watered.
3.3.2 Drawing lines on large walls, corners, doors and windows to find rules must be carried out by the top floor once, with vertical lines popping up, brick wall sizes determined, layered and set up, and ash cakes made. The horizontal line is controlled by the floor as the horizontal datum line, and the vertical line is controlled by the big corners and columns around. When each layer is primed, the ash cake is used as the reference point of screed to make the bottom ash horizontal and vertical. At the same time, we should pay attention to find the slope of flowing water that highlights the cornice, waistline, window sill, awning and other decorative surfaces.
3.3.3 Wipe the bottom mortar: firstly, water the wall to be wet, then scrape it with 1:3 cement mortar, with a thickness of about 6mm, then smooth it with the same strength grade of ash and rebar, then level it with wooden poles, rub it with wooden boards, and water it the next day.
3.3.4 ~ 3.3.8 The practice of using concrete wall at the same base.
3.4 When the base is an aerated concrete wall, one of the following two methods can be selected as appropriate:
3.4. 1 Wet the surface of aerated concrete with water to repair the missing edges and corners. Brush a polymer cement slurry before repairing, then fill it by layers with the mixed mortar of 1:3:9= cement: plastering: sand, brush the polymer cement slurry the next day and apply the mixed mortar of 1: 1:6 as the base, flatten it with a wooden trowel, and water it for maintenance the next day.
3.4.2 Wet the surface of aerated concrete with water, brush polymer cement slurry at the corner where edges are missing, and fill it with 1:3:9 mixed mortar in layers. After drying, nail a layer of metal mesh and tie it tightly. Spread the 1: 1:6 mixed mortar on the metal mesh layer by layer (it is best to use mechanical spraying process), and the mortar and the metal mesh should be firmly combined. Finally, gently rub it flat with a wooden trowel and water it the next day. Other practices are the same as concrete walls.
3.5 In summer, outdoor decorative boards and tiles should be pasted, and practical measures should be taken to prevent sun exposure.
3.6 Winter construction: generally, construction is only carried out in early winter, and construction is not allowed in the severe cold stage.
3.6. 1 Mortar should be used at a temperature not lower than 50℃, and anti-freezing measures should be taken before the mortar hardens.
3.6.2 Walls built by freezing method shall be thawed before plastering.
3.6.3 bonding mortar should not be frozen at the initial stage of hardening. When the temperature is lower than 50℃, the admixture that can reduce the freezing temperature can be added to the outdoor mortar, and its dosage should be determined through experiments.
3.6.4 In order to prevent the early freezing of the ash layer and ensure the operation quality, gypsum and 107 glue in the mortar cannot be used, and the same volume of fly ash can be used to replace or replace cement mortar for plastering.
4 tile paste engineering quality acceptance standard
4. 1 This acceptance standard is applicable to the quality acceptance of the interior wall tile pasting project and the exterior wall tile pasting project with the height not exceeding 100 and the seismic fortification intensity not exceeding 8 degrees.
Leading project
4.2 The varieties, specifications, patterns, colors and properties of ceramic tiles shall meet the design requirements.
Inspection method: observation; Check the product certificate, entry acceptance record, performance test report and reinspection report.
4.3 The leveling, waterproof, bonding and jointing materials and construction methods of the tiling project shall comply with the design requirements and the provisions of the current national product standards and engineering technical standards.
Inspection method: check the product certificate, re-inspection report and acceptance record of concealed works.
4.4 Tile paste must be firm.
Inspection method: check the bond strength test report and construction record of the sample parts.
4.5 The ceramic tile project constructed by full adhesion method shall be free of hollowing and cracks.
Inspection method: observation; Check with a small hammer.
General project
4.6 The surface of ceramic tile shall be smooth, clean, uniform in color and free from cracks and defects.
Inspection method: observation.
4.7 The overlapping mode at the corner of Yin and Yang and the parts not used by the whole brick shall meet the design requirements.
Inspection method: observation.
4.8 Decorative bricks around wall protrusions should be cut in whole bricks with neat edges. Dado, stick face protruding wall thickness should be consistent.
Inspection method: observation; Check the ruler.
4.9 The joints of tile should be straight and smooth, and the filling should be continuous and dense; Width and depth should meet the design requirements.
Inspection method: observation; Check the ruler.
4. 10 drip line (tank) should be made for the parts with drainage requirements. Drip line (tank) should be straight, the slope direction of running water is correct, and the slope meets the design requirements.
Inspection method: observation; Check with a level.
4. 1 1 The allowable deviation and inspection method of tile pasting shall comply with the provisions in the table below.
Allowable deviation and inspection method of tile pasting
Inspection method of allowable deviation of project
External wall tile internal wall tile
1 The verticality of the facade is 32. Check with 2M vertical measuring ruler.
2 Surface flatness 43 is checked with 2M guiding rule and feeler gauge.
3 Yin and Yang Angle founder 33 check with a right-angle measuring ruler.
4. The joint flatness is 32, and a 5M line is drawn; If it is less than 5, check it with a steel ruler.
5 joint height difference 10.5 check with steel ruler and feeler gauge.
6 joint width 1 1 should be checked with a steel ruler.
5 finished product protection
5. 1 Clean the mortar left on the door window frame in time, especially the aluminum alloy door window frame should be pasted with protective film to prevent pollution and corrosion.
5.2 Seriously implement the reasonable construction sequence and several types of work (water, electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc.). ) should be completed in front to prevent damage to tiles.
5.3 Paint shall not be sprayed on the finished ceramic tile. If the upper part of ceramic tile is exterior wall paint or water brush stone wall, it is advisable to do exterior wall paint or water brush stone first, and then stick ceramic tile to avoid polluting the wall. If tiles need to be made first, measures such as sticking strips or plastic films must be taken after completion to prevent pollution.
5.4 Before setting, each plastering layer shall be protected from air drying, insolation, water flushing and vibration, so as to ensure that each layer has sufficient strength.
5.5 When removing the shelf, be careful not to collide with the wall.
5.6 During transportation, storage and construction, measures must be taken to prevent the damage and deterioration of decorative materials, decorations and decorative components.
6 Quality problems that should be paid attention to
6. 1 Empty drum and falling off:
6. 1. 1 Due to the low temperature in winter, the mortar freezes, and it is easy to fall off after thawing in the following spring. Therefore, when laying bricks outdoors, we should keep the positive temperature and try not to construct in winter.
6. 1.2 The surface deviation of the base is large, and the base is improperly treated or constructed. For example, each layer of plaster is too tight, the tile jointing is not strict, and there is no watering maintenance. The bonding strength between layers is poor, and the surface layer is easy to empty and fall off.
6. 1.3 mortar mixture ratio is not allowed, consistency control is not good, sand silt content is too large, and several different mortar mixture ratios are used in the same construction surface, resulting in different drying shrinkage and empty drum. Appropriate amount of 107 glue should be added to the ceramic tile mortar to strengthen the bonding, strictly follow the process operation, pay attention to the basic treatment and self-inspection, and check them one by one. If empty barrels are found, they should be reworked immediately.
6.2 Uneven wall: The main reason is that the geometric dimensions are not well controlled during structural construction, which leads to a large deviation in verticality and flatness of the external wall, and the grass-roots treatment is not serious enough before decoration. We should strengthen the inspection of foundation priming work, and the next working procedure can be carried out only after passing the inspection.
6.3 Incorrect and incorrect frame joints: This is mainly caused by failure to carefully check the actual situation of structural construction according to the drawing size before construction, failure to carefully set out in sections and blocks, failure to carefully arrange bricks, lack of control points for pasting ash cakes, large deviation of specifications and sizes of ceramic tiles, failure to carefully select bricks during construction and improper operation.
6.4 Dirty wall: The main reason is that the mortar is not cleaned in time after the hook is completed, which pollutes other types of work. Cotton silk can be dipped in 20% water with dilute hydrochloric acid and then washed with tap water. At the same time, the protection of finished products should be strengthened.
7 quality records
This process standard should have the following quality records:
7. 1 factory certificate of brick and other materials.
7.2 Quality acceptance record of inspection lot.
7.3 subentry project quality acceptance record.
7.3 pull test report of brick outside the room, etc.
Ceramic tile consultant (10): Construction technology standard of tile inlay and pasting
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Construction technology standard of floor tile inlay and paste
1 range
This technology standard is applicable to the construction of brick surface of industrial and civil buildings.
2 Construction preparation
2. 1 Materials and main machines:
2. 1. 1 cement: ordinary portland cement or slag portland cement of 32.5 or above, with factory certificate.
White cement: No.425 Portland white cement.
2. 1.2 coarse sand or medium sand should be screened when used, and the silt content should not be greater than 3%.
2. 1.3 floor tile: after entering the site, unpack and check whether the color, specification, shape and paste quality meet the design requirements and relevant standards. Floor tiles should be selected before use, and bricks of different grades and varieties should not be mixed. If there are cracks, corners, distortions and broken bricks less than half a block, they should be removed.
2. 1.4 main machines and tools: small buckets, brooms, square feet, wooden boards, iron trowels, large poles, sieves, narrow trolleys, wire brushes, watering cans, rubber hammers, hardwood clappers (240㎜× 120㎜×50㎜), steel sheet operation and dial plates.
2.2 Operating conditions
2.2. 1 wall plastering is completed, and the +50㎝ horizontal elevation line is played.
2.2.2 The casing crossing the ground has been completed, and the pipe hole has been blocked with pisolite concrete.
2.2.3 When the waterproof layer is required in the design, the hidden inspection procedures have been completed, the water storage test has been completed, and the acceptance procedures have been completed.
3 operation process
3. 1 process flow:
Clean up the base, elastic line → brush the cement slurry → cement mortar leveling layer → cement slurry bonding layer.
→ Tile laying → Repair → Brush water to uncover paper → Poke joint → Joint filling → Maintenance.
3.2 clean up the grass-roots and elastic line:
Clean up the base, and the surface mortar skin should be shoveled and swept clean. Hang up the line to check and master the flatness of the floor mat, so as to know fairly well. Play a horizontal elevation line on the wall.
3.3 Brush cement slurry:
Sprinkle water evenly on the cleaned ground, and then brush the cement slurry evenly with a broom (water cement ratio is 0.5). The brushing area shall not be too large, and it shall closely cooperate with the mortar leveling layer laid in the next working procedure, and the cement slurry shall be spread with the brush. For smooth concrete floor, the hair should be cut. For the floor, the ground base should be watered one day in advance.
3.4 do cement mortar leveling layer:
3.4. 1 screed: based on the horizontal elevation line of +50㎝ on the wall surface, measure the surface elevation, pull the horizontal line to make ash cake, and flatten the ash cake to make the floor tile peel. Then screed, every other room1m. Rooms with floor drains should be sloped according to the design requirements, and the leveling layer should be radial in the direction of floor drains.
3.4.2 After screed, use 1: 3 hard cement mortar (the degree of hard cement mortar shall be subject to hand-pinching) to spread the mortar with a thickness of about 20 ~ 25mm, scrape the mortar with a big bar (along the standard reinforcement), and pat it with a wooden trowel. Rooms with floor drains should be flooded according to the slope required by the design.
3.5 find founder and elastic line:
After plastering the leveling layer for 24 hours or the compressive strength reaches 1.2MPa, measure the length and size of the room on the leveling layer, play a cross control line in the center of the room, and calculate the number of sheets laid according to the design requirements and the size of floor tiles. Less than the whole piece should be thrown into the corner, and it should not be stuck on the obvious part.
3.6 Floor tiles:
On the mortar screed-coat, after watering and wetting, spread a layer of 2 ~ 2.5 ㎜ thick cement slurry bonding layer (20% of cement weight 107 glue) on the back of the ceramic tile, then pave the ceramic tile with the ground, and knock the ceramic tile with a rubber hammer to make it compact with the ground, and the height is consistent with the ground elevation line. It should be posted, and the area should not be too large. The whole room should be paved continuously at one time.
3.6. 1 Floor tile paving procedure: For small rooms, it is usually made into a T-shaped standard height surface. When the room area is large, the standard height plane is usually made into a cross in the center of the room, which is convenient for many people to construct at the same time.
3.6.2 Paving large surface: Take the paved standard height surface as the standard base surface, and when paving, start construction near the paved standard height, and control the flatness of floor tiles with drawn straight lines. When the shop is stuck, the cement slurry should be fully daubed on the back of the brick and compacted with a rubber hammer to prevent empty drum. And should be corrected with a level when paving. The cement slurry on the surface must also be wiped off immediately.
3. 1.7 finishing: after the whole room is paved, put wooden boards on the mosaic tiles, and people will stand on the mats to repair the surrounding corners, and repair the mosaic floor together with other ground doorways to ensure that the mosaic floor is straight.
3.7 joint filling:
After the whole floor tile is paved, it will take 2 days to be plastered. When plastering, the white cement is mixed into a dry mass and smeared on the gap, so that the joint of the ceramic tile is filled with white cement, and then the surface of the ceramic tile is smeared.
3.8 Maintenance:
Brick floor should be paved with sawdust for normal temperature curing (or covered with plastic film) after 24 hours of seam cleaning, and the curing time should not be less than 7 days, and no one is allowed here.
3.9 Winter construction:
Indoor working temperature shall not be lower than +5℃, sand and brick surface shall not be frozen. In the curing stage, the surface must be covered.
4 Quality acceptance criteria
4. 1 General provisions
4. 1. 1 This chapter is applicable to the construction quality inspection of brick surface.
4. 1.2 When the board is laid, the compressive strength of the cement lamp holder should not be less than 1. 2 MPa.
4. 1.3 Cement mortar shall meet the following requirements when it is used to pave the joint layer of the board surface and caulk between boards.
1 Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement or slag cement shall be used as cement mortar; Its cement strength grade should not be lower than 32. 5;
2. The sand for preparing cement mortar shall conform to the current national industry standard "Quality Standard and Inspection Method of Sand for Ordinary Concrete" JGJ52;
3 The volume (or strength grade) of prepared cement mortar should meet the design requirements.
4. 1.4 The asphalt cementing material used to fill the joint between the bonding layer and the board surface shall meet the current national product standards and design requirements.
4. 1.5 plate paving should meet the design requirements. When there is no requirement in the design, it is advisable to avoid scraps with side length less than 1/4.
4. 1.6 After the adhesive layer on the cement board surface and the cement mortar for joint filling are paved, the surface shall be covered with moisture, and the curing time shall be not less than 7D. When the compressive strength of the cement mortar bonding layer on the board meets the design requirements, it can be used normally.
4. 1.7 When the slab skirting board is constructed, lime mortar shall not be used as the base.
4.2 Brick surface
4.2. 1 Brick surface shall be made of ceramic brick, cylinder brick, ceramic floor tile and cement brick, which shall be laid on the bonding layer.
4.2.2 The material, laying and construction quality acceptance of acid-resistant bricks, asphalt-impregnated bricks and cylindrical bricks with anti-corrosion requirements shall comply with the current national standard "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Building Anti-corrosion Engineering" GB502 12.
4.2.3 When laying cylinder brick, ceramic floor tile and cement brick surface layer on cement mortar bonding layer, the following requirements shall be met:
1 Before paving, the specifications, dimensions, appearance quality and color of the brick should be pre-selected, soaked in water and dried for later use;
2 jointing and caulking should use the same variety, strength grade and color of cement, and do a good job in maintenance and protection.
4.2.4 When laying the ceramic tile surface layer on the cement mortar bonding layer, the bottom of the ceramic tile shall be cleaned, and mortar shall not be used to fill between the ceramic tiles or between the bonding layer and the wall.
4.2.5 When laying ceramic cylinder brick surface layer on asphalt binder, the cylinder brick should be cleaned and laid on hot asphalt binder, and it should be completed before the binder condenses.
4.2.6 When adhesive is used to stick the surface layer on the joint surface, the selection of adhesive should comply with the current national standard "Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Building Engineering" GB50325.
Leading project
4.2.7 The variety and quality of the plates used in the surface course must meet the design requirements.
Inspection method: Observe, check and check the material certificate and test report.
4.2.8 The combination (bonding) between the surface layer and the next layer shall be firm without hollowing.
Inspection method: check with a small hammer.
Note: When there are local hollows in the corners of a single brick, and each natural room (standard room) does not exceed 5% of the total, it can be ignored.
General project
4.2.9 Brick surface should be clean, with clear patterns, smooth joints, consistent depth and straight periphery. The plate has no defects such as cracks, falling corners and lack of stare blankly.
Inspection method: observation and inspection.
4.2. The wrapping material and size of10 surface layer should meet the design requirements, and the edges and corners should be neat and smooth.
Inspection method: Observe and check with a steel ruler.
4.2. 1 1 The surface of the skirting line shall be clean, with consistent height, firm combination and consistent wall thickness.
Inspection method: observe and tap with a small hammer and check with a steel ruler.
4.2. 12 The gap width between stair tread plate and tread plate should be consistent, and the tooth angle should be neat; The height difference between adjacent steps of floor steps should not be greater than10 mm; ; The antiskid strip is straight.
Inspection method: Observe and check with a steel ruler.
4.2. The slope of13 surface course should meet the design requirements, and there is no back flooding or water accumulation; The joint with floor drain and pipeline should be tight and firm, without leakage.
Inspection method: Observe, splash water or use slope scale and store water for inspection.
4.2. The allowable deviation of14 brick surface course shall comply with the provisions in the table below.
Allowable deviation and inspection method of plate surface (MM)
Inspection method of allowable deviation of project
1 surface flatness 2.0 Check with 2m guide rule and wedge feeler gauge.
2. Sew 3.0, pull 5m line and check with steel rule.
3 joint height difference of 0.5 with steel rule and wedge feeler check.
The top of the baseboard is straight. 3.0 Pull 5m line and check with steel rule.
5 plate gap width 2.0 check with steel rule.
5 finished product protection
5. 1 After the floor tile is laid, if more other processes are inserted, the surface layer should be covered and protected.
5.2 When cutting floor tiles, use pads, and it is forbidden to operate on the paved surface.
5.3 When transporting materials, the cart should pay attention to protecting the door frame and the completed ground, and the parts of the door frame that are easily touched by the cart should be wrapped. The floor of a car should be padded with boards.
5.4 Don't touch all kinds of pipes during operation, and don't drop mortar and floor tiles into the installed floor drain nozzle.
6 Quality problems that should be paid attention to
6. 1 uneven joint: floor tiles should be selected before operation, and whole bricks with the same length and width should be used in the same room. When pointing, pull the seam through and straighten the bricks outside the line.
6.2 Empty drum on the surface: Before leveling, the base must be cleaned and moistened with water. After the screed-coat mortar is finished, it is not allowed to enter indoors, and it should be closed to prevent the ground from being polluted and affecting the bonding with the surface layer. When laying ceramic floor tiles, the cement slurry bonding layer and tile paving should be operated at the same time, that is, the coating area should not be too large to prevent the cement slurry from drying out and affecting the bonding, resulting in empty drum.
6.3 Ground leakage: After the floor of the bathroom and bathroom passes through various pipes such as floor slab and sewer, the hole should be tightly blocked and sleeved. Waterproof layer should be carried out after acceptance. The nozzle should be closely combined with the waterproof layer, and the leveling layer can be made only after the water storage is qualified. After the brick surface is completed, the secondary water storage test should be done.
6.4 The surface layer is seriously polluted: the residual cement slurry should be wiped clean at any time when the joints are wiped, and the surface layer must be covered after wiping to prevent pollution from other types of work.
6.5 Irregular tile cutting around the floor drain: when the ground is flat, find the slope of the floor drain. When paving a large area, lay tiles around the floor drain. According to the diameter of the floor drain, the number of tiles is calculated in advance (distributed radially around the floor drain), and then processed. After the trial shop, it was officially glued.
7 quality records
This process standard should have the following quality records:
7. 1 cement factory certificate.
7.2 Floor tile factory certificate.
7.3 There are hidden acceptance records and water storage records of waterproof ground.
7.4 brick ground inspection batch quality acceptance record.
7.5 brick ground subentry project quality acceptance record.