The Pan clan people in Nanyuan Ancient Village replace religion with sacrifices to the ancestors and sages of heaven and earth. They pay special attention to their ancestors. In addition to the sacrifices held at four o'clock and eight festivals, there are also sacrifices at tombs and temples. If they have important matters, they go out. When traveling far away, one must first pay homage to the ancestors. When a bride enters the house, she must first pay homage to the ancestors of her husband's family before she can become a member of the family.
Most of the villagers in Nanyuan Ancient Village have incense niches in their homes. On the first and fifteenth day of each month, families will burn incense and worship in front of each door of the house. In general, the center beams of the halls of houses are painted with Bagua or various talismans, and the door frames are decorated with sculptures of the Universe. Some doors hang Bagua or mirrors, and some doors have door gods posted on them, which are said to ward off evil spirits.
3. The social change trajectory of customs and rituals such as childbirth, schooling, and marriage
Nanyuan Ancient Village, which has gone through historical vicissitudes, still inherits many flavorful folk customs, such as Customs and rituals such as birth ceremonies, garden openings, opening ceremonies, weddings, etc.
Birth etiquette: In the old days, pregnancy was said to be a joy, and three days after the baby was born, there were "three dynasties". First, give the child a bath and treat the midwife to a meal. Grandma will bring a big rooster, eggs, noodles, glutinous rice flour, etc., and make "Three Dynasties Wine" to entertain grandma and the bride. When a baby is one month old and has a "full moon", grandma will send him a big rooster (many places give big capons), eggs, clothes for the baby, quilts, silver bracelets, etc. Aunts and other relatives of the female family usually send pullets, eggs, clothes, fabrics, etc., and aunts, uncles and other relatives of the male family will also come to celebrate. It is also celebrated on the 100th day after a child is born. On this day, the grandfather and the girl's uncle will bring roosters to celebrate, and other relatives usually give red envelopes to the baby. When a child is one year old, we should do "week" to celebrate the child's "week". The first year is more solemn than the full moon, and there are more guests coming to celebrate.
Bidding Ceremony: "Bidding Ceremony" is a form of enlightenment education for children as they enter the learning stage of life and penetrate educational psychology. School children put on long official uniforms and impressive "official hats", The schoolchildren walked up the green brick avenue, crossed the moon-shaped gate, which means "leap over the dragon gate", and entered the green brick lobby, which means "stepping on the blue clouds". Then they listened to the elders telling the story of Confucius, bowed to Confucius, and accepted the enlightenment teacher. The enlightenment teacher used cinnabar to put a red mole on the middle of the child's forehead, also known as the Open Eye. He led the children to recite the Three-Character Sutra and traced it in red with a copybook. He gave each child a bag of celery and green onions, which means that these children will become smarter and more diligent from now on. !
Out of the Garden: Hakka coming-of-age rituals are divided into male and female ones. The coming-of-age ritual for men is called "Guan Li", and the coming-of-age ritual for women is called "Hair Hair Lit." When boys and girls reach the age of 16 (virtual age), It is necessary to choose an auspicious day to perform the "out of the garden" ceremony as a coming-of-age ceremony.
Wedding etiquette: Weddings generally follow the "six rites" of ancient times. Matchmaking In the past, young Hakka men and women could ask matchmakers to arrange marriages after they were sixteen years old. Usually, the parents of the man's family ask a matchmaker to go to the girl's family to talk. There are also cases where the girl's family asks a matchmaker to visit the boy's family first. The male and female families negotiate through the central media, and if both parties are interested, they will agree on a time to "see the girl." After both parties agree, they will tell each other their birthdays and horoscopes. After returning home, each of them asked a fortune teller to "calculate their horoscopes". If the eight characters match each other and will not conflict with each other, then write out Geng Tie (common name for marriage list) and place each on the incense table. If there are no ominous signs within three days, the marriage will be finalized. The engagement is also called "Dazha". The young man and his parents will go to the bride's house and bring pig heads, fish, meat, etc. The bride's parents, brothers-in-law, uncles, grandparents, etc. will all be present. After lunch, the girls come out to meet each other and call the boy's parents parents, and the parents of the two families call each other their in-laws and in-laws' mother. The woman will also visit the man's family, sometimes before the "big marriage" and sometimes after the "big marriage". In addition to the girl and her parents, the woman's aunts, sisters, etc. will also go there. There are more than a dozen people, big and small, without any gifts, even if they bring some, the husband's family will not dare to accept them. After the marriage is decided, the man will ask a fortune teller to choose a date for the wedding, including the day and time when the bride will go out and the time when she will return to the groom's house. In addition, the day for the woman to cut her red dress and the man to make the bed must also be determined at the same time. One or two days before the bride's arrival, the groom's family will ask relatives to deliver the betrothal gift and fish, meat, poultry, noodles and other items specified in the red slip to the bride's family by more than ten people. When they return, they will bring the dowry, furniture and other dowries. Go back to your husband’s house. The day before the wedding, more than ten people from the groom's family will go to the bride's house to pick her up. There will be a drummer band, people setting off firecrackers, some carrying sedan chairs, and some burning incense (they have to go to the bride's ancestral hall, temple, or commune to burn incense), and one person will carry the burden. There is a lead chicken (one male and one female) on one end, wine and pineapple on the other. A woman has to bring the bride's clothes, and two people carry wooden baskets, and they have to carry fish, meat, wine, and cakes. , cigarettes, firecrackers, candles, etc., the matchmaker will also go. Some grooms will go, some will not. If the groom goes with him, the groom will also have to make a sedan chair. The one who sets off the firecrackers is the man's plenipotentiary, and he will bring one or twenty red envelopes with him. indivual. After arriving at the bride's house, the bride's family will first eat snacks, and then the bride's family will take them to the ancestral hall to burn incense and pay homage to their ancestors. The girl's family will host a banquet at noon or evening. The bride usually leaves at midnight or Mao hour, and the sky becomes brighter and brighter as she goes, which symbolizes walking towards the light. If she goes out at night, she will not encounter unlucky things such as carrying a coffin. In the front of the welcoming procession are the lantern players, followed by the music players, the sedan chair is in the middle, and the people receiving the bride are at the back. When the bride arrives at the groom's house, if it has not yet arrived at the stipulated entrance time, she must wait on the gate at the gate or in a house next to the door. Entrance is usually at seven or eight or eight or nine in the morning, and some even have to wait until noon.
At the entrance moment, the bride has to kick the sedan door, and the groom's bridesmaid will lead the bride out of the sedan, and then "cross the fire" at the gate. The bride steps over the fire made of fir branches before entering the gate. After the bride entered the hall amidst the sound of drums, she began to worship. The incense table is arranged in the hall, with parents and elders standing on the east side, relatives on the west side, relatives on the north side, and juniors on the south side. Before the ceremony, the bridegroom's wife should hang a red cloth on the groom's body with a five-foot-long red cloth. He chants: "Holding a red flag five feet long in hand, I use it to pretend to be the groom, so that the groom can give birth to a son. If he gives birth to a son early, he will be the number one scholar." When worshiping in the hall, the groom stands on the left and the bride stands on the right. The rites call: "Bow to heaven and earth." , the second is to pay homage to the ancestors, the third is to pay homage to the high hall, the fourth is to pay homage to the couple, and finally, relatives meet and give red envelopes to the bride. After the ceremony, the bridesmaid leads the bride into the bridal chamber with a red bow, and the bride and groom scatter wedding candies from the door to the hall amidst the sound of firecrackers. Then the bride and groom have a cup of wine. The bridesmaid held a chicken on a tray and said while serving wine: "The family is reunited and the couplets are on the wall", "Guanyin sends a son, and a child is born early"; "The husband and wife are reconciled and grow old together". At noon, we hold a banquet and a wedding banquet, and use loud cannons to invite guests. They are fired every half hour and three times when the banquet begins. Then the etiquette will give a list of names, and there will be two people sitting at one table. According to their seniority and closeness, they will be arranged to sit at the table first, and then everyone else will sit down casually. Male and female guests sit separately, and the bride and groom go to the table to toast. Some people make a fuss in the hall and the other in the new house. There are also people who make trouble in the hall first and then in the new house. During the riot, firecrackers were set off every few minutes until midnight. The return door is also called the "revolving door". Usually on the third or fifth day after the wedding, the bride's side sends the bride's sisters and other female family members to invite the bride and groom to be guests together. The matchmaker and the groom's sisters also go with them, have lunch and come back on the same day. One month after the wedding, the bride's mother-in-law will come to see her full moon, and at the same time she will bring chickens, vegetables, seeds, grain seeds, beans, etc. to indicate a bumper harvest and a prosperous fortune.
To this day, rituals such as birth ceremonies, gardening, etc. still retain traditional practices, and some have been simplified. As for the opening ceremony, this etiquette is no longer common. In terms of weddings, some ancient procedures have undergone some changes and have been replaced by modern wedding models.
Hakka folk songs: Hakka folk songs are folk songs sung in Hakka dialect. It inherits the traditional style in the "Book of Songs" and is greatly influenced by Tang poetry and Zhuzhi Ci. At the same time, it absorbs the excellence of folk songs from all over the south. The ingredients have been widely circulated for thousands of years and have been popular for a long time. Hakka folk songs are diverse in form and rich in content. In addition to "love songs", there are also labor songs, persuasion songs, industry songs, show songs, show off songs, Xuxuan songs, lafan songs, riddle songs and guessing tunes, minor tunes, and bamboo boards. Song etc. The structure of various lyrics is roughly the same. Each song has four sentences, each sentence has seven characters, and the first, second, and fourth sentences often rhyme with flat tones. The word structure is rigorous; the rhyme requirements are strict; it is visual; colloquial; and diverse, and is very popular among the masses. The villagers were fascinated by the folk song "Hakka Amei, Come Here". The rich male voice and the clear female voice will be unforgettable once listened to. Now Hakka folk songs have been included in the intangible cultural heritage of Guangdong.
Nanyuan Ancient Village was developed and established as a scenic spot solely by the Hongguang Village Committee. After being listed as a tourism poverty alleviation project in Guangdong Province, the village committee used tourism development as a platform to deeply explore and promote Hakka culture in order to achieve protection The purpose of the Hakka residential building complex is to adhere to the principle of "preservation first, careful development, and prevention of damage." The ancient buildings that are relatively well preserved and still in use include the old building, the new building, the old Yamen, the new Yamen, Da Fu Di, Xia Di Tang and other ancient dwellings. In the future, we will effectively strengthen the overall planning, effectively protect and rescue the cultural heritage of ancient villages, and vigorously create a cultural brand that is rich in connotation, distinctive and charming.
Nanyuan Ancient Village has many ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties. In order to obtain better protection, the scenic spot currently adopts a rolling development method of "developing, receiving and benefiting at the same time". After one year After a long period of development, it began to operate externally and has achieved obvious benefits. It has successfully developed Hakka Cultural Square, old Yamen, new Yamen, ancient fort tower ruins, Dafudi, Liuxi Academy and other scenic spots. More than 300 households who originally lived in the mansions of famous officials and merchants have moved out of the village one after another. Some muddy areas have been renovated or repaired and become cultural activities for the elderly. The elderly and amateur literary and art enthusiasts often gather together to blow garbage. Playing and singing, it's fun.
Although rural life is becoming increasingly modern, the ancient village still retains many traditional things. The most spectacular one is the "lantern lighting" ceremony procession held every year during the Lantern Festival (the 13th and 14th day of the first lunar month). During the event, the head of the household, who gave birth to a boy last year, carried lanterns and paraded. There were gongs and drums in front of each team to open the way, followed by lion dances, etc., all the way to the ancestral hall. Firecrackers were blaring loudly along the way, and the atmosphere was extremely festive and warm, attracting locals and tourists from all over the country to come and watch. For thousands of years, traditional culture and folk activities have been continued and spread, and they have kept pace with the times and shone with the color of the times.
In 2003, the Hongguang Village Committee adhered to the strategic policy of "protection first, rational utilization, inheritance and development" and put the rescue, protection and development and utilization of Nanyuan Ancient Village on its important agenda. With the support and attention of the provincial, municipal and county party and government and tourism departments, Nanyuan Ancient Village has been listed as a tourism poverty alleviation project in Guangdong Province. In order to effectively strengthen the protection, construction and management of the ancient village, the Hongguang Village Committee attaches great importance to and clearly defines the ancient village tourism. As a development subject, we established "Dongyuan County Nanyuan Tourism Development Co., Ltd." to promote "rural tourism" in a practical sense.
At the same time, we should conscientiously carry out the overall development plan of tourism in Nanyuan Ancient Village, relying on the "ancientness" of the ancient village, focusing on protection, restoring the old as before, and building a Hakka residential museum with Hakka cultural characteristics. At the same time, we should strive to do a good job Collection, excavation and integration of ancient village humanistic materials. Under the instructions of cultural and historical experts, enthusiastic people in the village were hired as cultural and historical researchers to be responsible for the collection and integration of cultural and historical materials about the ancient village, and completed more than 20,000 words of cultural and historical materials. Some villagers also took the initiative to donate a batch of important cultural relics such as imperial edict stone carvings, couplets and plaques that had been collected for many years, contributing to the protection of the cultural heritage of the ancient village.
At present, the protection and development of Nanyuan Ancient Village is in a period of exploration. We will closely focus on the overall idea of ??"protection first", accelerate the development of ancient village tourism, and protect Nanyuan Ancient Village into a place with profound cultural heritage, integrating Hakka cultural traditions and ecological leisure culture, which is loved by tourists at home and abroad. tourist attractions. At present and in the future, we will combine the local reality and effectively formulate a combination of the three aspects. First, it is necessary to formulate a close combination of promoting individual culture and sophisticated business operations. It is necessary to closely follow the individual connotation of Hakka culture and explore and design a number of products with distinctive characteristics and core competitiveness, such as the architectural scenery of the official residences in Nanyuan Ancient Village, eating Nanyuan delicacies, living in Nanyuan folk houses, buying Nanyuan specialties, and appreciating the family. Family folk songs, etc., promote the tourism culture of Nanyuan Ancient Village from multiple angles and seek new breakthroughs. The second is the close combination of participatory cultural experience and the extension and added value of tourism products. Taking advantage of the rich cultural content of film and television shooting bases and relying on existing relics, a film and television base with the theme of "Hakka History" is built to expand culture. The integration channel of industry and tourism economy revitalizes cultural relics resources. The third is to focus on the close integration of building and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside. Based on the history of Nanyuan Ancient Village, develop the cultural tourism industry, improve reception conditions, do a good job in cultural construction of scenic spots, improve sanitary conditions, promote overall rural construction, optimize, beautify, and purify the physical environment in the village, and strive to transform resource advantages into economic Advantages.