Both direct violence and indirect violence can cause such harm. 1. When falling, slipping or tumbling from a height, direct violence is more common when the sacrum touches the ground; Secondly, it is caused by being hit by heavy objects, or by direct impact of vehicles and other components.
2. Indirect violence, especially violence transmitted from below (the distal part of sacrococcygeal vertebra), is more common, but the chances of violence transmitted from above to below are less; It can also lead to avulsion fracture due to ligament traction. Most of the combined injuries are pelvic fractures, mostly caused by direct violence; The complications of sacral fracture mainly involve rectum, anus and sacral nerve.
The clinical symptoms of sacral fracture are quite different, and the following points should be paid attention to during examination:
1. Pain. Those who complain of persistent sacral pain after trauma should be examined in detail. Obviously, strip tenderness is mostly caused by fracture, and the fracture line can be determined along the tenderness direction. Conductive percussion pain is lighter than lumbar fracture, especially when standing.
2. Afraid of sitting. When sitting, gravity directly acts on the sacrococcygeal region, causing pain, so patients prefer to stand or sit on one hip.
3. Subcutaneous congestion, because the sacrum is shallow, deep injury is easy to be exposed under the skin, so hematoma, subcutaneous congestion or skin contusion and abrasion at the fracture can be found during physical examination.
To sum up, you should know what is the cause of the third sacral fracture! After knowing the cause, you should know how to avoid it. Moreover, fractures will seriously affect patients' work and life, so we must treat them carefully and do rehabilitation training during treatment to prevent muscle atrophy.