The surname Chen has five origins
1. Descendants of the Yellow Emperor took the country as their surname and received the surname from their ancestor Hu Gongman
The surname Chen mainly came from Chen in the early Zhou Dynasty Hu Gongman. According to legend, Hu Gongman was a descendant of Yu Shun, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors.
Shun lost his mother when he was young, and his stepmother was unkind and often beat and abused him. However, he obeyed and respected his stepmother even more. Because of his love of learning and filial piety, he was famous all over the world. In the last years of Emperor Yao's reign, he not only married two female concubines, Ehuang and Nvying, to him, but also passed down the throne with his own. Therefore, when Shun was in power, the world was in great order and the people were prosperous. In addition, he often "mixed with the jade candle, breathed in the eternal wind, fed on the fire of the temple, drank from the sweet spring" and shared the joys and sorrows with the people, so he won the people even more support. After his death, about 35 years later, it spread to Hu Gongman, and was enfeoffed by King Wu of Zhou to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan), where he established a vassal state and guarded the royal family. After that, Hu Gongman was called Chen Hu Gong because he was granted the title of Chen, and the Fang Kingdom he founded was also called Chen Kingdom. Later, his descendants also took the name of the country and their surname was Chen.
During the time of the Yellow Emperor, chariots were widely used. Huangdi invented the high-wheel cart, so it was also called the Xuanyuan clan. The Chenfeng clan was an important branch of the Huangdi clan and an in-law of the Huangdi clan. "Emperor Ku took Chen Feng's daughter and gave birth to Fangxun (Yao)." ("Historical Records: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors"). Emperor Ku was the great-grandson of Huangdi and the son of Zhuanxu. "Chen Feng was the vanguard and the state. The overseas Chinese took Chen Feng's family to give birth to Emperor Ku, and Ku took the Chen family (female) to give birth to Emperor Yao. Fengqiu of Qi was also the town of Chen's family." ("Lu Shi·Guo Ming Ji" Ji"), "Suoyin", "Renbiao", "Zhengyi" and other works all believe that Feng, Feng, Feng and Bang agree with the general meaning, and Chen Feng, Chen Feng and Chen Bang refer to the same thing. ) It can be seen that the Huangdi family and the Chenfeng tribe, which was first recorded, are two twin tribes that intermarry with each other. Huangdi's grandson's daughter-in-law and great-grandson's daughter-in-law were both from the Chen family. Through this blood relationship, they formed a strong foundation for the Yanhuang clan alliance. The Yellow Emperor started in Jishui, at the junction of today's Shaanxi and Gansu. There is Xuanyuan Valley in the south of Tianshui City in Gansu Province today, and Jishui in Qishan County in Shaanxi Province. The origin of the Chen Feng clan is also likely to be nearby. There is Chencang Mountain in the west of Qishan County today. It is about 40 miles away from today's Baoji City. Chencang Mountain is also called Chenfeng. There is a stone on the mountain that looks like a pheasant, so it is also called Chicken Peak. At the foot of the mountain is Chen Ban, which may be the first residence of the Chen Feng tribe. It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Wen of Qin got a gemstone shaped like a chicken. When the god of Baoji came, he would hear a loud sound like a pheasant crowing. Therefore, Duke Wen of Qin built a temple in Chenban to offer sacrifices and named it Chenbao Temple. By the Tang Dynasty, this generation was called Baoji County.
The Huangdi tribe is good at making this kind of multi-spoke high-wheel vehicle. He and his descendants lived a nomadic life of driving carts and constantly migrating across the prairie. The entire tribe lined up in a long convoy. When moving from one pasture to another, men, women, children, and their belongings were all placed on the carts, and the high-wheel carts were pulled by ox-horses and moved forward on the vast grasslands. When a hostile tribe came to attack, the convoy would line up sideways to block the enemy's attack. This is the "array" in the primitive society period, that is, chariot battle. People hold weapons to meet the enemy and stand on the cart. There are infantry beside the cart to cooperate with the battle. When night falls quietly, the tribal chief directs his members to arrange the motorcade in a circle, with humans and animals living in the circle. A strong temporary castle was immediately formed in the vast and undefensible prairie. This castle surrounded by high-wheel vehicles can not only resist sneak attacks by enemies or wild beasts, but also resist the invasion of cold wind, bringing a sense of security to people and animals. From this, we can appreciate the deep imprint that the high-wheel racing life has left on this family. So, what kind of person was the Yellow Emperor? According to Sima Qian's "Historical Records", the Yellow Emperor was the son of Shaodian, with a surname of Gongsun and a name of Xuanyuan. It is said that the Yellow Emperor was able to speak when he was born, and showed superhuman intelligence at a very young age. He is articulate, eloquent, honest, alert and resourceful.
At the time of the Yellow Emperor, the Shennong clan had declined. The princes were fighting for each other, invading each other, and tyrannizing the people, but Emperor Shennong was unable to conquer it. Huang Di, who grew up in troubled times, realized that the world must be pacified by force. As long as there was strong force, it would not be difficult to pacify the princes who dominated the territory and caused chaos. So he practiced martial arts every day and practiced formations. Within a few years, he was proficient in both literary and martial arts. So he first led troops to attack those arrogant and domineering princes who did not pay tribute. As a result, those princes were killed and some fled. Seeing that the situation was not good, other princes came to join them one after another. After the situation stabilized, Huangdi showed kindness to the people and taught the people to grow grains. On the other hand, he made horses and soldiers and taught the people to practice warfare. After he became stronger, he first fought against Emperor Yan who was disrupting various tribes in the wilderness of Banquan (southeast of today's Zhuolu County, Hebei Province), winning three battles and three victories. Later, he led his troops to kill Chi You who came to disturb him in Zhuolu (now Hebei). After these two fierce battles, Huang Di's prestige greatly increased, and all the princes unanimously elected him emperor. From then on, he was promoted from the tribal leader to the leader of the tribal alliance.
The Yellow Emperor lived in the hills of Xuanyuan and married a daughter of the Xiling clan, whose name was Lei Zu. Leizu was the main palace of the Yellow Emperor and had two sons: one was named Xuanxiao and lived in Huishui; the other was named Changyi and lived in Ruoshui. Changyi had a son named Zhuanxu. After the death of Huangdi, he inherited the throne and was named Gaoyang.
Zhuanxu was calm and wise, and respected the virtuous. During his reign, guests and friends from all over came to visit the court. After the death of Zhuan Jing, the throne was succeeded by Gaoxin, the grandson of Xuan Xiao, who was also Emperor Ku. Calculated by seniority, Emperor Ku is the great-grandson of Huangdi.
Emperor Ku was also a wise monarch. He implemented benevolent policies, cared about the sufferings of the people, and was very loved by the people.
Emperor Ku had four wives and four sons. The eldest son was named Zhi, and the second son was named Fangxun. After Emperor Ku's death, You Zhi succeeded to the throne. After Zhi ascended the throne, due to his lack of talent and inability to govern the country, the country became increasingly weak. The old man who was named Tang Hou managed the Tang Dynasty in an orderly manner because of his outstanding talents. So Zhi abdicated the throne to him. Fangxun succeeded him and became emperor, and was known as Tang Yao or Emperor Yao in history. Emperor Yao was a famous virtuous king in history. He once set up officials to take charge of the seasons and formulate calendars. He also consulted the four mountains and selected Shun as his successor. After Yao's death, Shun succeeded him.
Shun's mother was named Huodeng. She was inspired by the sight of a big rainbow and gave birth to Shun in Yao Xu. Huodeng is suspected to be from Gudeng, that is, the daughter of Deng. Shun's character is Chonghua, also known as Zhonghua, Xuanjing and Chongming. He is so named because his two eyes have three pupils. He had a square head and square brain, a long face and a big mouth, dark skin, and a height of six feet one inch (equivalent to five feet three inches today). Shun's father Gusou and his stepmother tried every means to kill Shun when he was still a minor. However, Shun's temperament was naturally very kind. Whenever he was beaten or abused, his reaction was not to be very hateful and violent, but to accept it. When Shun was severely beaten, he would avoid it; when he was beaten lightly, he would endure it. He did not complain about the injustice of the world, but became more filial to his parents and loving to his younger siblings. He was "a diligent scholar and a filial piety to his friends. He was well-known all over the world. He was a family member of the Tao family. He was wealthy and kind-hearted. He was sensitive and knew the time. He was fearful of heaven but loved the people. He was considerate of those who were far away but close to him." Shun was forced to plow Mount Li, which had many civil disputes. He worked hard from dawn to dusk and plowed hard. Under his leadership, the disputes in Mount Li were settled and the grain harvest was unprecedentedly abundant. During this period, he picked up a jade wall in a place called Heji, and Shun felt a good omen of destiny.
Shun's success and efforts aroused even greater jealousy from the Gusou couple and Xiang. Shun's tolerance, modesty and prudence did not move his parents and younger brother. Once, they ordered Shun to repair the walls of a grain warehouse, and then set fire to the warehouse, intending to burn Shun to death. Another time, they ordered Shun to dig a well, and then filled the well with earth in an attempt to bury Shun alive. Shun had a good sister named Nuguo. She sympathized with her brother's plight very much, and she vented for Shun many times.
When Emperor Yao chose his successor, the Four Mountains recommended Shun, so Yao married his two daughters Ehuang and Nvying to Shun to observe his ability to manage the family. Ehuang and Nvying abided by women's ethics and never looked down on Shun's relatives because of their noble status. They were filial to their parents-in-law and humble to their uncles. But none of this could move Shun's parents. So Shun had no choice but to leave his hometown and took his wife and young children to the Guishui River, which is now the south of Puzhou Town, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. His descendants took the place name as their surname and were called Gui.
When Shun was 50 years old, he began to handle the world's government affairs for Emperor Yao, and achieved outstanding results. At the age of 58, Emperor Yao died, and Shun kept filial piety for him for three years. With the support of his ministers, he ascended to the throne. At this time, he was already an old man with frosty temples.
Shun's opponents were the Four Evils: Huan Dou, Liang Gong, Gun, San Miao and Yao's son Danzhu. Shun first removed the leaders of the four tribes Huandou, Jinggong, Gun and Sanmiao, and then drove these four tribes to remote areas in all directions. The struggle with Danzhu seemed to be much more difficult and took much longer. In this struggle, Shun adopted a method of advancing and retreating freely. It fully demonstrated Shun's political talent.
Three years after Emperor Shun ascended the throne, Danzhu, as the orthodox representative of the Yanhuang tribe, was still very powerful and posed a great threat. Shun then made a gesture to express his willingness to give up the throne to Danzhu, but in the end he had to give up due to the opposition of the princes and people around him. He then granted Danzhu the title of Fengling, making the tribe led by Danzhu a guest vassal of the Yu State. In order to win over people's hearts, Shun carefully organized his power structure. The members include Yu, Gaotao, Qi, Houji, Boyi, Kuilong, Yi, Xian, Pengzu, etc. Among them, only Gaotao, Qi, Kuilong, and Yi belong to the Dongyi tribe, and the rest all belong to the Huangdi tribe. It fully demonstrates Shun's broad mind, psychologically downplays the clan conflict between Dongyi and Yanhuang tribes, and effectively differentiates his opponents. During the fight between Shun and Danzhu, Danzhu once gained the upper hand and forced Shun to retreat. After Shun took a series of political measures and first eliminated the four evils, he gradually defeated Danzhu's forces and forced Danzhu to become a subordinate of the Yu clan alliance. By this time, Shun was eighty-one years old.
Shun established his capital in Puban, which is now Yu Township, Sanshili East, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. There is Shun Temple inside Puban City, Shun's Residence and the Second Concubine Altar outside the city. There are also Lishan and Guishui nearby. The place names were transplanted from the Heze area of ??Puzhou.
During his reign, he worked conscientiously to strengthen the political system and eliminate evil, resulting in political clarity, domestic stability, and a peaceful scene. Later, while on a hunting tour in the south, he died in the wilds of Cangwu (south of Ningyuan County, Hunan) and was buried at the foot of Jiuyi Mountain. Emperor E was childless, and Nv Ying gave birth to a son, named Shangjun. Because he had no talent for governing the country, Shun appointed Dayu, who had done great work in controlling floods, as his successor before his death.
After Dayu succeeded to the throne, he granted Shun's son Shangjun the title of Yu (southwest of today's Yucheng County, Henan Province), and was known as the Yu family. Because Shun had established his capital in Puban when he was his son, so Another branch of his descendants settled in Yu Township near Puban (in Yongji County, Shanxi Province), and their leader was named Yu Sui. A descendant of Yu Sui was once granted the title of Sui State (now south of Feicheng County, Shandong Province) and was destroyed by Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Shang Tang destroyed Xia, another descendant of Yu Sui was granted the title of Chen, which is where the ancient Chen Feng tribe lived, near Wanqiu (southeast of today's Huaiyang County, Henan).
Because the Yushun tribe failed in the struggle with the Xia Yu tribe, the Yu tribes led by Shang Jun retreated in all directions. Except for the Shang Dynasty, which was sealed in Yucheng County of Liang State, and this part of the people stayed in the Central Plains, most of Shun's tribe migrated to the south, north, and east. In addition, many tribes merged with the Xia tribe and became the backbone of the Huaxia tribe.
From the Xia Dynasty to the Shang Dynasty, as the descendants of Yu and Shun migrated and retreated, their traces were gradually buried in historical records.
About five thousand years ago, the Chen tribe moved eastward to the fertile plains of the Central Plains with the Huangdi tribe. The Chenfeng tribe began to shift from a nomadic life to a settled agricultural life. They settled in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County), Henan. Zhuanxu's country had the "Mountain of Chenzhou" ("The Classic of Mountains and Seas, Dahuang Nan Jing"), and this "Mountain of Chenzhou" was Wanqiu. Although Wanqiu is famous, it is actually just a small mound no more than 40 to 50 meters high. It stands out on the vast plain, so it is particularly eye-catching. After thousands of years of flooding and siltation by the Yellow and Huaihe rivers, this Wanqiu has been filled in by 20 to 30 meters of sand. Today, only small mounds of soil slightly above the ground remain of the Wanqiu.
At the end of the Shang Dynasty, one of the descendants of Shang Jun named Yi Fu (also known as Yan Fu) went to Zhou State and served as an official of Tao Zheng. Because of his superb pottery making skills, he won a lot of praise. King Wen of Zhou Jichang was delighted. After Ji Chang's son Ji Fa (King Wu of Zhou) destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, he granted the title to the remnants of the sages and enfeoffed his father's son Guiman in Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan). The country was named Chen to replace the Chen Kingdom after Yu Sui. and married his eldest daughter Taiji to him. After Guiman's death, his posthumous title was Hu Gongman, so he was also called Hu Gongman. Today, the tomb of Chen Hu and Gui Man is located next to Liuhu Lake in Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Because water from the trench invaded its site, it was imprisoned with iron and was commonly known as the Iron Tomb.
The capital of Chen State is Wanqiu, which we are very familiar with now. Although the Chen Feng tribe was first recorded in classics, part of this tribe was integrated into the Huangdi family, while another part was lost in historical records.
"Chen Feng" once mentioned that there are elm trees in the east gate. The elm tree is the white elm. It is still an important tree species in the Yellow River Basin and Huaibei area. The water in the pool at the car door is crystal clear, and there is a forest of white elm trees beside the pool. I think the scenery is quite beautiful. Therefore, "A Study of Poetry and Geography" says: "Mao said: The east gate is Wanqiu, where countries meet. Dai said: Chen poetry talks about the east gate in many words, and it must be a place where people travel and rest. Fan said: Choose a high place and it is deserted. "Le Yan." The east gate of Wanqiu should be an elegant place in the city, a place for the citizens of Chen State to have fun.
Wanqiu was once the former capital of the Taigao clan of Fuxi, one of the three ancient emperors, so there was a hexagram painting platform one mile north of the city. "It is said that Fuxi got a turtle in Caishui, which is where he began to draw the Eight Diagrams." Three miles northwest of the city is the Taigao family mausoleum, which is Fuxi's tomb. It covers an area of ??more than five hectares and is commonly known as the Renzhu Temple. Yarrow grows around the tomb, which is several feet high, and there is a stone tablet in front of it. It is called "Fuxi Tomb". Of course, there are some buildings here that have been renovated over the years. But before the Spring and Autumn Period, Taigao Mausoleum and Huagua Terrace existed, and they were a place for recreation for the kings and people of Chen State. If you climb up here and look far into the distance, you can have a panoramic view of the scenery within twenty miles. It is really refreshing and happy. In recent years, many pottery pieces, tube tiles, slab tiles and rammed earth layers of ancient city walls have been excavated in the Wanqiu area.
After the descendants of Yu and Shun were at their peak during the reign of Shun, the Xia Dynasty declined for a time, and the Shang Dynasty improved slightly. After King Wen of Zhou married his eldest daughter to Gui Man and was granted the title of Chen, his status began to become prominent. . As a blood relative of the Zhou Dynasty and a feudal state, Chen Guo was highly favored by kings such as King Wu, the son of King Wen, and subsequent kings such as King Kang and King Zhao.
In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen Guoyuan, Cai Guo, and Zheng Guo were both major powers in the Central Plains. The capital of Chen State, Wanqiu, was located three miles east of the present-day Huaiyang County in Henan Province. The city was surrounded by the Cai River to the east. The entire territory of Chen State is located on the Great Plains of eastern Henan. Qingshui River, Ci River, Heihe River, Ximing River, and Huiji River, all tributaries of the Huaihe River, are distributed in the east and flow into the Huaihe River from north to southwest; Yingshui River, another large tributary of the Huaihe River, and Some small tributaries of Yingshui River, such as Liushe River, Jialu River and Shahe River, flow from the western border into the Huaihe River from northwest to southeast. Of course, most of the names of these rivers were formed due to the vicissitudes of history. However, Yingshui is an old name that has been used for two or three thousand years. Its tributary, Shahe River, was called Pushui in ancient times. When King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty first enfeoffed the Kingdom of Chen, it only had a land area of ??more than a hundred miles around. However, among the feudal princes at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, there were nearly 800 princes. According to the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty, the four seas were divided into nine states, and the states were thousands of miles in diameter. Each state has thirty vassal states with a radius of 100 li, 60 vassal states with a radius of 70 li, and 120 vassal states with a radius of 50 li. There are 1,773 countries in the total territory of Kyushu, and the vassal states of these princes are not included. At the same time, it is stipulated that the radius of duke and marquis countries is one hundred miles; the radius of count countries is seventy miles; the radius of viscount and baron countries is fifty miles; small countries less than fifty miles will become vassals of their neighboring countries. Chen State is a feudal state with a radius of more than 100 miles, and it is located in the fertile Central Plains, which is crisscrossed by rivers and rivers. It is a superior area with rich products and developed culture in ancient times. It is also said to be the capital of the Taigao clan of Fuxi, which shows its status and situation. It's important.
The territory of Chen State is all on the plains. Not only is the land flat and fertile, but also has crisscrossing ditches, which are beneficial for irrigation. In addition, the climate is mild, suitable for the growth of crops, making it a prosperous area with abundant products. Therefore, Chen State developed rapidly by relying on favorable weather and geographical conditions. By the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, together with Cai State, Zheng State and other countries, they had become major powers in the Central Plains and had a decisive position.
However, because the later kings of the Chen Kingdom could not work hard to govern, and their ministers could not be loyal and loyal to help the country, the king was neglected above, the ministers were playful at the bottom, and the politics was corrupt, and the country quickly declined. In 479 BC, King Hui of Chu sent troops to the Northern Expedition and killed Chen Mingong, the last king of Chen State. Chen State was destroyed and a county was established in the hometown of Chen State.
From the time when Gui Man was granted the title of Chen to the death of Chen Ming in Chu, the Chen Kingdom was passed down to the 20th generation and 26 generations of kings, which lasted 588 years. After the fall of the country, the descendants of the Chen Kingdom took the name of the original country as their surname, so they had the surname Chen.
2. Descendants of Chen Guogong clan.
After the death of Guiman in Chen State, some of his descendants took the country as their surname, the Chen family. In addition to Chen Wan, the main branch, there were three other descendants of Chen Guogong who fled to other places during the period from the civil strife to the fall of Chen, and also took the surname Chen from the country. According to historical records, one of the people who lived in Chenliu came from Liu, the son of Chen Aigong. The second one, who lived in Yangwu or Yingchuan, was from Chen Yan, the eldest son of Chen Qiangong. The third one in Gushi came from Chen Lian, the second son of Duke Chen (氵+民+日), and his successor Wen.
3. The Chen surname of ethnic minorities
The Chen surname of the Xianbei tribe in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to the "Wei Shu·Guan Shi Zhi" records: the Xianbei tribe in the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Five Dynasties originally had a three-character surname of Hou Mo Chen. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang. When Emperor Xiaowen implemented the Sinicization reform and determined the clan surname, it was changed to the single surname Chen in 496.
The Chen clan of the Jurchen clan was mainly modified by the Wanyan clan of the Jurchen clan, and some of them had already been formed in the late Jin Dynasty.
The Mongolian Chen family is the surname given by Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang to the Mongolian nobles who have surrendered to the Ming Dynasty.
There are two situations for the Manchu Chen family: one is that during the reign of Houjin Nurhachi, the Han Chen family living in the northeast was forced to change to the Manchu Chen family; the other is that the original Manchu surname was changed to the Chen family , still belongs to Manchu.
The Chen clan of the Hani ethnic group, such as Chen Wenxing, a member of the National Ethnic Affairs Committee, and Chen Pilu, a member of the Fifth CPPCC, are the Chen clan of the Hani ethnic group.
The Chen family of the Dong ethnic group, such as Chen Yi, associate professor of the Guangxi Institute of Ethnology, and Chen Lizhunyuan, author of the book "Excellent Traditional Architectural Art", are the Chen family of the Dong ethnic group.
The Tujia Chen family, such as the Sixth People’s Representative and Hubei native Chen Zhongxin, is the Tujia Chen family.
The Chen family of the Buyi ethnic group. For example, Chen Yongkang, deputy director of the Ethnic Affairs Committee of Guizhou Province, is the Chen family of the Buyi ethnic group.
The Chen surname of the Yao people. The Yao people of Huangbutong, Maleidong, Zhenyuandong and Rucheng County in Xinning County, Hunan all have the Chen surname. The fifteenth surname of Shan Ziyao in Dayaoshan, Guangxi also has the Chen family.
The Chen surname of the Jing ethnic group is the common surname of the ethnic group. For example, Chen Runfen (female), the Sixth People’s Representative and a native of Fangcheng County, Guangxi, is the Chen surname of the Jing ethnic group.
The Chen family of the Qiang ethnic group. For example, Chen Huahua (female), the sixth people's representative and a native of Maowen County, Sichuan, is the Chen family of the Qiang ethnic group.
The Chen family of the Hui ethnic group During the reign of Emperor Chengzong of the Ming Dynasty, the Chen family of the Hui people in Licheng, Shandong was designated to serve in the tomb of King Sulu Dong who was buried in Beiying Village in the northern suburbs of Dezhou. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Hui people who moved from various parts of Henan to the area of ??Sancha Road and Yingxi Street in Shashi, Hubei Province included the Chen family.
The Chen family of the Miao ethnic group, such as Chen Side, member of the Ethnic Affairs Committee of Guangdong Province, and Chen Jiashou, chairman of the Chengbu County CPPCC, are the Chen family of the Miao ethnic group. In addition, the Chen family also exists among the Zhuang, Li, Yi, Korean, Bai, Gaoshan, She and other ethnic minorities.
4. His surname was changed from Cao to Chen: The Chen family in Haining, Zhejiang, was originally Cao. He married the daughter of Chen and gave birth to four children. The son disappeared.
The surname Gao was changed to Chen: In the late Tang Dynasty, there was a man named Cao Xianlai, who married his mother's surname Chen. This branch of the Cao surname
In the Song Dynasty, the surname Chen One of the descendants, Chen Wenlong, became a high-ranking official and became a deputy prime minister. The Chen surname became a prominent family in Haining. The family with the surname Gao in Haining, Zhejiang, was descended from Gao Yue, the king of Qinghe in the Northern Qi Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After several changes in the mausoleum valley, his descendants quietly lived in Haining and became ordinary people. By the time Gao Liang, the fourteenth generation, history had entered the Yuan Dynasty, he was poor and had no food and clothing, so he had to marry into the Chen family, and his surname was changed to Chen. In the late Western Jin Dynasty, Chen Yuanda, whose original surname was Gao, served in the Han Dynasty founded by the Huns Liu Cong. Because the fortune teller said that his birth date would harm his father, he changed his surname from Gao to Chen. During the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian had a confidant named Chen Mao. He was originally from Hedong Yi, but he pretended to be surnamed Chen and was named an earl.
The surname Bai was changed to Chen: There was also a general named Chen Yonggui in the Sui Dynasty, who turned out to be Longyou (generally referring to the area west of Longshan, approximately equivalent to the area west of Longshan, Liupanshan and the Yellow River in Gansu today). The Hu people in the East Zone, whose surname was Bai, were favored by Yang Jian. He was promoted to the state of Zhu, the general manager of Lan and Li prefectures, and granted the title of Duke Chen of Beijun. Yonggui took the character Chen in the title as his surname. After the Ming Dynasty unified the country, Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to win over the Mongolian nobles who had fallen to the Ming Dynasty, often gave them Han surnames and Han names, such as Chen Shouzhong from Chacha, Chen Yuan from Haha, etc. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, the Li Dynasty of the Annan Kingdom was destroyed. Most of the kings, Li Jili Hanliupi, moved to China. His son changed his name to Chen Cheng and became the minister of the Ministry of Industry.
The surname Chen was changed to other surnames: During the Western Wei Dynasty, Duke Chen Xin of Xuchang was given the surname Weichi. However, the time was short-lived, and the surname Chen was restored in the early Sui Dynasty; in the late Ming Dynasty, the Chen family in Xiangtan, Hunan, became When his family was in trouble, a man took his surname as Guo and called him Guo Jintai.
In the early Sui Dynasty, Bai Yonggui changed his surname to Chen, and was known as the Chen family of ten thousand years in history.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Bo (Bai) Yonggui, a descendant of the original King Qiuzi, came to work in the mainland. Because his surname was rare and he was afraid of being discriminated against, he changed his surname to Chen, a common Han surname. From then on, he was also known by the surname Chen, and was known as Chen Yonggui in history. He had a grandson named Lingying, who was also called Chen Lingying in the history books. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Cao Xian, a native of Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, married into the Chen family and gave birth to four children, also assuming the surname Chen.
During the Yuan Dynasty, Gao Liang, the 14th generation grandson of Gao Yue, the former Qinghe King of the Northern Qi Dynasty, married into the Chen family, and his descendants also changed their surname to Chen. In the early Ming Dynasty, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty gave the surname Chen to a Hu man from the Western Regions. His grandson Chen You later became the governor-general on the right and was given the title of Uncle Wu Pingbo.
When the Ming Dynasty became the founder of the Ming Dynasty, the Li Dynasty of Annan Kingdom was destroyed. The son of King Li, Cheng, changed his name to Chen Cheng.
The descendants of Liu Jiao changed their surname to Chen and were called the Chen family in Guangling.
5. Danmin and fallen people surnamed Chen
Danmin - residents of the water named Chen.
"Water residents" were formerly known as Danmin or Danhu, which refers to residents who are engaged in fishing or water transportation on coastal harbors and inland rivers in Guangdong, Fujian, and Guangxi. Most of them live on boats. So, how did the Dan people with the surname Chen come into being? According to "Fujian Modern People's Livelihood Geography": "The Dan people always live on the water and sail boats as their occupation. According to legend, they were forced by Chen Youliang's defeat and the Ming Dynasty."
Regarding the fallen people, Bai Meichu's "Chinese Human Geography" explained: "There are two other theories about the origin. One is that he captured Chen Youliang's tribe in the early days and compiled them into beggar households." The people, the humble happy households, do not have any teeth with the people." Chen Youliang was originally from a fisherman's family. He joined the Red Scarf Army in the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and later became the most powerful armed force in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, fighting against Zhu Yuanzhang; 1360 In 1363, he killed Xu Shouhui, the leader of the Red Scarf Army, and claimed to be Emperor of the Han Dynasty, which aroused Zhu Yuanzhang's anger; in 1363, he fought a decisive battle with Zhu Yuanzhang's army near Poyang Lake and was defeated. In August, he broke out of the Yangtze River from Hukou and was killed by an arrow. The entire army was wiped out, and his descendants and subordinates were brutally persecuted by Zhu Yuanzhang. Although the people named Chen were suffering, they still retained the title of the family system and still had the surname Chen.
History of Migration of Chen Surname
History of Migration of Chen Surname
Migration from Pre-Qin to Jin Dynasty
After the fall of Chen State, Chen Mingong’s eldest son Jian, in order to avoid the fall of the country, After the disaster, he changed his name to Yan and Chen Yan. He fled to Yangwu Hufu (in the northeast of present-day Lankao County, Henan Province), married the Tan family, and gave birth to two sons. The eldest son was named Chen Lian and the second son was named Chen Ji. They were both made in Qi State. Official, his descendants include Chen Ping, the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty; Chen Mingong's second son Quan Wen fled to the Jin State (in today's Shanxi Province) to avoid disaster, and his descendant Chen Menglian served as the Hou Xiang of Gushi (now in Henan). The family moved to Gushi. His sixth grandson, Chen Yinqi, was a virtuous ruler but had no children. Therefore, Chen Yan of Yingchuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty was his heir. Chen Laogao, the descendant of Chen Yan, then sent his fifth son, Chen Daxin, to the Southern Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, they moved to Gushi County in Shouzhou to inherit the legacy of the Chen family in Gushi.
Among the early migrations of the Chen family, another group moved to Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan) for refuge. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, China's first peasant uprising leader Chen Sheng emerged. In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng, as the commander of the camp, was ordered to lead the requisitioned people to garrison Yuyang (Miyun County, Beijing City). Southwest), they encountered heavy rain on the way and were unable to arrive on time. According to the law, those who missed the deadline should be beheaded. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were forced to take risks and attacked and killed the school captain who was escorting the garrison soldiers. They led 900 garrison soldiers to rise up in rebellion. The whole country responded. His momentum grew rapidly. When he entered Chen County (Huaiyang, Henan Province), he was elected king by his subordinates, and his country was named Zhang Chu, which means Zhang Da Chu. He sent troops to attack the city and occupied many places. In Chen County, the capital, Chen Sheng was forced to retreat with his troops. When he reached Xiachengfu (southeast of present-day Woyang County, Anhui Province), he was killed by his coachman Zhuang Jia. His bones were buried at the southwest foot of Mangdang Mountain in present-day Yongcheng City, Henan Province. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, 30 households were assigned to guard Chen Sheng's tomb, and they offered sacrifices every year. Chen Sheng's tomb has been repaired by various generations, and it still stands tall. It is surrounded by green pines and cypresses. In front of the tomb is a tombstone inscribed by Guo Moruo, "The Tomb of Chen Sheng, the Leader of the Peasant Uprising in the Late Qin Dynasty." , is a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province.
In the late Western Jin Dynasty, wars continued in the Central Plains. People from all walks of life fled south of the Yangtze River and immigrated to various provinces in the south of the Yangtze River. A group of people moved to Fujian Province today, including the Chen family. The Chen family, together with people surnamed Lin, Huang, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He and Hu, were the first immigrants from the Central Plains to enter Fujian. This is what is recorded in the "Book of Fujian": "In the second year of Yongjia, the Central Plains was shaken, and the clothes and clothes were the first to enter Fujian. The eight ethnic groups are the so-called Lin, Huang, Chen, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He and Hu.
The migrations of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties
In the second year of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (669), The ethnic minorities in southern Fujian were in turmoil. They attacked cities and conquered cities, beheaded generals and flailed flags. They smashed the local government into pieces and sent urgent documents flying to the court like a snowflake. Gao Zong sent Chen Zheng, a native of Gushi, Henan, as the general manager of the Lingnan march, and led more than 3,000 troops to crusade. Chen Zheng could not resist, so he had to defend the city. Seeing that they could not win, Emperor Gaozong sent Chen Zheng's brothers Chen Min and Chen Fu to lead the Gushi 58 Military Academy to reinforce. Unexpectedly, Chen Min and Chen Fu could not adapt to the harsh climate of the miasma land, and died of diseases one after another. For a time, the army had no leader and was in chaos. Chen Min's mother, the Wei family (it is said to be the sister of Wei Zheng, the prime minister of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty), was in the army, so she stepped forward to lead the army and stationed it in Yunxiao County, Fujian Province. Chen Zheng died in the army in the second year of Yifeng (677), and his son Chen Yuanguang led the army on his father's behalf.
At that time, Yuan Guang was a young man of 20 years old. He was well-read, well versed in literary, military and military strategies, and was able to command military affairs with ease.
After nine years of hard fighting, the war was finally over. In order to develop this fertile land in southern Fujian, he petitioned the imperial court to establish Zhangzhou County to carry out large-scale economic and cultural construction. Yuan Guang was not afraid of hard work. He personally managed the paintings, selected talents, reclaimed wasteland, recruited exiles, built water conservancy projects, encouraged teachers to teach farmers and mulberry trees, and set up schools, so that the southern land was not disturbed by wars and wars, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. He was known as Paradise, where Chen Yuanguang later rested. His ancestors and grandchildren have been the chief administrators of the Zhangzhou area for four generations, which lasted for a century, making this desolate and remote place prosperous. The descendants of Chen Yuanguang also thrived here and became a prominent local family, living in Raoping, Chenghai and other places. The locals called Yuanguang the ancestor of the "Beimiao" and respectfully called the Holy King of Kaizhang. This title is worthy of its name.
The descendants of Chen Yuanguang are called the "Kaizhang Shengwang Sect" and have become the most important branch of the Chen surname in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and Nanyang Islands. In order to express their respect for Chen Yuanguang, local people built Chen Shengwang temples in many places. There are more than 100 temples in Fujian, 53 in Taiwan, and more than 20 in Nanyang Islands. Several "Kaizhang Holy King Temples" in southern Fujian, such as Yanyi Palace, Weihui Temple, etc., are as large in scale and popular as some large Buddhist and Taoist temples in the mainland.
In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Yong, the son of Chen Zhong, a descendant of Chen Yan in Yingchuan, was a Jinshi during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, and was promoted to the position of Crown Prince and Tutor. Due to being squeezed out by Prime Minister Li Linfu, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, he led his family from Jingzhao Wannian (today's Chang'an, Shaanxi) moved to Jiahe, Tong'an, Fujian, and then moved to Nanxiang Mountain, Zhangzhou. His son Chen Yixing was the prime minister of Tang Wenzong at that time. Chen Hongjin, the grandson of Chen Yong, was a native of Xianyou, Fujian. He served as the commander-in-chief of the army under Wang Tingzheng, the lord of Fujian. He was talented and brave and made many military exploits. After Yanzheng's death, Chen Hongjin surrendered to the Southern Tang Dynasty and sent Yanzheng's son Shaofan as a meeting gift. Li Yu, the late ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was very happy and appointed Chen Hongjin as the observer envoy to Quannan and other states. Soon, the Southern Tang Dynasty was conquered by the Northern Song Dynasty. Chen Hongjin knew that he was unable to compete with the Song Dynasty, so he went to see Song Taizong, offered Zhang and Quanzhou, and was granted the title of Military Envoy of Wuning Army and Tongping Zhangshi (Prime Minister). Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). Chen Hongjin's two sons, Wenfu and Wenhao, served as the governor of Quanzhou and the governor of Zhangzhou respectively. Their descendants prospered and later developed into a prominent family in southern Fujian. They were called the "Taifu sect" Chen family after their ancestor Chen Yong, the official prince, and respected Chen Yong. He is the founder of "Southern Courtyard".
In the second year of Daye of the Sui Dynasty (616), a man named Chen Mai led troops to guard Putian. He later returned to the Tang Dynasty and served as the magistrate of Kaipu County. This was the beginning of Chen's entry into Putian. Chen Mai did many favors during his tenure as county magistrate. Because he loved the beautiful forests and ravines here, he decided to live here after he became an official. After his death, local people built a temple to worship him. His descendants are known as "Eighteen Chen" and have become a popular surname in Putian. The Chen clan built an ancestral hall on the east side of the current county government, named "Chonggong Temple". Its main building still exists, retaining the architectural styles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In the Five Dynasties, Wang Chao, a native of Gushi, Guangzhou (now part of Henan), served as a military commander under Wang Xu. He followed the army to Zhangzhou and later served as an observer in Fujian. After his death, his brother Wang Shenzhi succeeded Weiwu. Military governor. In 909, Wang Shenzhi was named King of Fujian. There were two military academies with surnames surnamed who followed Brother Wang to Fujian, the first being Chen surnamed. According to Liu Qiu's "Chen Gong Zhen Xing Zhi": "Chen Zhixian, a native of Gushi, Guangzhou, who was involved in the chaos at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and some of whom were taboos, came to Fujian from Wang Shenzhi."
The migration of Chen surnamed Fenzhi
p>The surname Chen in Changsha: Some say it is after Chen Shuming, the king of Yidu, the son of Emperor Chenxuan of Chen Dynasty, Chen Xu. Shuming moved to Jiangzhou due to the fall of the Chen Dynasty. His ninth grandson Chen Wang moved to Yimen again. Chen Wang's seventh generation grandson is Chen Chong and Chen Duan. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Duan and Jiang Liangjie raised troops to conquer the bandits and made great achievements. They were awarded the title of General Weilie and were ordered to control Tanzhou (Changsha City). In the second year of Tongguang (924), Chen Duan resigned from office and lived in Dayongtang, Wuyang Township, Changsha (the capital of Qing Dynasty). When Jiangzhou Yimen branched off, Chen Duan's descendants also moved to Changsha Datang, Jinkeng Meisu, Lantian Canglang, Shuihe Litou, Huhuifutan, Sangtian Temple, and Tianshi Village; then they moved to Dabutian, Tanshan, Qingshan, Yinghuoqiao, Changputang, Guanqiao Northwest City, Benfu Yanxiang Lane, Bixiang Street; then moved to the water crossing river, Huangnichong, Zhouhu, Shaotang; and moved to Chitiao River and Pingtang , Qingtang Bay and other places. In the generation of Chen Tuan, the eighth grandson of Chen Duan, he had 11 sons. When the houses were divided, they mostly lived in Changsha, Pingjiang, Liuyang, Xiangyin and other counties, with Changsha still ranking first.
Some people also say based on other Chen family trees in Changsha that not all the Chen surnames in Changsha come from the Chen Duan lineage. Some come from Taihe County, Ji'an Prefecture, Jiangxi, and some come from Renhe County, Zhejiang (Hangzhou City). , there are those from Kuaiji (Shaoxing City), Zhejiang Province--but these are all from the Chen surnamed branch, and thousands of branches can still be traced back to the origin of the Chen surnamed family history.
Shaoyang County Chen surname: Its ancestors moved to the Manchus in the second year of Tongguang reign of Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty. They moved from Taihe County, Ji'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province to Etang Village, Xinhua, and then to Hengyang Mountain in Shaoyang County. Descendants are distributed in Linjinmen, Longhui, Xiangxiang, Wugang, Xupu and other places in Shaoyang County. During the Yuan Dynasty, his descendant Chen Shufu moved to Laoyatian in Shaoyang. It has been passed down for 53 generations and has a population of more than 700,000.
The surname of Chen in Yueyang County is: Chen Yue. During the reign of Emperor Tiansheng of the Song Dynasty, he moved from De'an to Yuezhou Scissorchi (after the No. 1 Middle School in Yueyang City). It has been passed down for 32 generations and has more than 90,000 people.
The sect's behavior is as follows: Qingyun's rapid progress, recovery and glory of the book
The continuation of the sect's righteousness spreads the family far away, repairs and praises bring prosperity to Fudan, and all nations celebrate forever; Ren Ju