Appreciation of Li Bai's Memory of Qin E

Li Bai: Recalling Qin E's throat with a flute. Qin E dreams of breaking Qin Louyue. Qin Louyue. Willow color every year, baling hurts. Autumn Festival in Leyouyuan Scenic Resort. Xianyang ancient road is absolutely silent. Sound and dust are absolutely dead. The west wind is still shining, and the Han family mausoleum is missing. Cui Lingqin's List of Music Recorded by Jiaofang in Tang Dynasty records the music played by Jiaofang between Kaiyuan and Tianbao, and it has the name of Bodhisattva Man instead of Yi Qin E. There is no tune of "Yi Qin E" in the songs of Dunhuang. In the Five Dynasties and the early Northern Song Dynasty, Feng Yansi, Zhang Xian and Ouyang Xiu were found to have used the tune of Yi Qin E as their lyrics. However, the poem Yi Qin E written by the three of them is quite different from the word Li Bai in syntax and rhythm, such as Feng Yansi's Yi Qin E: "The wind is blowing. The night rain is dark with clouds. Didi, the guest gets off the banana lamp outside the window. Unless the soul dreams of the country, it will not be separated by mountains. Recalling, a word is forgotten in front of the pillow. " Zhang Xian's "Remembering Qin E": "Staggered bamboos, blowing off lovesickness. Love is insufficient, and there are buildings in the northwest that are poor and distant. Recalling Tiaoxi, the cold shadow is clear. Autumn geese fly south. The grass is green, so you should go down to Xitousha for the night. " Judging from what Feng Yansi, Zhang Xian and Ouyang Xiu have done, none of them seems to know that Li Bai's "Remembering Qin E" had existed before them. It was Li Zhiyi in the late Northern Song Dynasty who first attributed this poem to Li Bai. In volume 45 of his Collected Works of Guxi Jushi, there is a poem "Yi Qin E" with a note: "Use Taibai rhyme." At about this time, the song "Yi Qin E", which was handed down to Li Bai, was handed down from generation to generation. In the Dongtang Ci by Mao Kun, Yi Qin E and Qin Louyue are judged as two tones, but Yi Qin E is still in the style of Feng Yansi, and Qin Louyue is only used as Li Bai's Ci. At the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty, Shao Bo recorded the full text of Yi Qin E, which was handed down to Li Bai. After that, those who wrote Yi Qin E intended to use this style, while Feng Yansi, Zhang Xian and other styles were all useless. Like the previous Bodhisattva Man, the academic circle is still continuing to research and explore this word, which is passed down as Li Bai. Wang Guowei's Comments on the Words in the World concluded that "the west wind is still shining, and the Han family's mausoleum is missing": "A few characters have passed through the ages. Later generations are only Fan Wenzheng's "Fisherman's Pride" and Xia Yinggong's "Xi Qian Ying", but the weather is not enough. " This kind of "weather" has been seen by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, the "weather" in this word is very different from the "weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty" in the Kaiyuan era. "Meteorology in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty" is broad and profound, with a broad artistic conception and a strong charm, and this word is also full of sadness, so Hu Yinglin said that this word "Qi is also declining", which reflects the fate of the decline of the Tang Dynasty. If this poem is indeed written by Li Bai, it may have been written in the late Tianbao period. The poet expressed his feelings by Qin E in a similar way, blending intuitive feelings with images. The first part was written by personal sorrow, and the second part was transformed into historical sorrow. Unlike "Bodhisattva Man", this word has changed from the rendering of objective scenery to the description of the inner feelings of the characters. At the beginning, it writes the inner modality of the characters: the whimpering flute wakes Qin E from his dream, and a broken moon is reflected obliquely in front of the window. Although the dream is broken, it seems that she is still immersed in the dream and having a good time with her lover. However, only the cold waning moon accompanied her. Alas, how many such moonlit nights made her feel dejected and feel sorry for herself. So let's turn to the memory of "Baling's farewell". "Yong Lu" contains: "When the Han Dynasty sent a letter to the east, it must start from Fuling, so I gave the traveler a willow here as a farewell." The willow is green, year after year, but the Iraqis are still far away, only the whimpering flute and the cold waning moon accompany the thin beautiful image. This is actually an expression of the author's inner thoughts and pursuit of something by Qin E's yearning for his lover. This kind of thinking and pursuit is persistent, but it is fruitless. The first part of the word is entangled in personal joys and sorrows, and the second part seems to be unable to satisfy the expression of feelings compared with the technique. The poet puts aside the previous subject and directly integrates himself into the picture, which has a great ups and downs. The head-changing place suddenly started with "Leyouyuan Scenic Resort Shangqing Autumn Festival". It is the carnival season of beautiful couples in the clear autumn festival, but the protagonist stands alone in the afterglow of the west wind, "I have no place to go, and I am independent and self-singing" (Du Fu's "Le Yuan Ge"). At this time, personal worries have been completely put aside and have been integrated into the worries about history. Poets entered into a historical reflection by taking the ancient Xianyang road and the tombs of the Han Dynasty, which were the remains of the Qin and Han dynasties. The ancient road is long, the sound is full of dust, and all the prosperity, luxury and indulgence have disappeared, leaving only the mausoleum accompanied by the west wind of the flute and the blood-like setting sun. Is the author paying tribute to Qin Huang Hanwu? No, he is reflecting on history and reality. There are reflections on the past and the present, prosperity and decline, sadness and joy. Although the poet didn't write about the Tang Dynasty's life in a positive way, it is enough to have the phrase "Leyouyuan Scenic Resort's Autumn Festival", which naturally reminds people of the scene of the Tang Ming Emperor's extravagance and revelry in the late Tianbao period. At that time, who could see the potential crisis? The Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty have passed, leaving the ancient road and the tomb of the Han family here, facing the afterglow of the west wind. This is a relic and a real scene. This scene of "the afterglow of the west wind, the tomb of the Han family" is bound to be related to the future of the Tang Dynasty. As a result, the boundaries between the past, the present and the future have been abolished, and they have been mixed together, and a sense of sadness has filled people's hearts. This is the result of historical reflection, and personal sorrow has been replaced or only used as a foil. Yes, in this historical sorrow, what is personal sorrow?