Wudang Wushu has a long history and is profound. The following is what I arranged for you: the martial arts characteristics of Wudang Kung Fu.
Wushu characteristics of Wudang kungfu
Wudang Wushu has formed many kinds of boxing and sects in the course of historical development. However, due to complex historical reasons, some sects have a clear inheritance relationship, while others are very clear. At the same time, there are also some speculators. When they hear the fame of Shaolin, they will go to Wudang. They fake their origins and pretend to be authentic, and sometimes they come out. So, today, if we want to identify whether a certain boxing is wudang boxing, we should not only test it from the origin history, but also mainly judge whether a certain boxing has the universal characteristics of wudang boxing, that is, its characteristics. With this one? Ruler? , you won't take the truth as a fake, and you won't take the fake seriously.
to sum up, the characteristics of Wudang Wushu can be mainly reflected in the following aspects.
Wushu characteristics of Wudang kungfu 1. Guided by truth
China Wushu originated from primitive times. In order to get food, human beings have to fight with wild animals when hunting; In order to own and consolidate the territory, one tribe has to fight with that tribe. With a long history of fighting, people have accumulated some experience and applied it to the practice of fighting, which is called martial arts or tactics. But one of the martial arts here? Wu? Because of the difference between the virtuous and the foolish, the trend of stupidity and vulgarity has lost its creation? Wu? The original meaning of the word has become an expression of killing. What are the martial arts and tactics here? Surgery? After all, it is just an empirical thing. Such as strong over weak, fast over slow, just over soft, strong over weak, more over less, big over small and so on. This kind? Surgery? Just in? Quantity? And? Speed? Make a fuss about the use of. Up to now, there are still many other martial arts practices that still focus on both. And this kind of martial arts, once the opposing sides are evenly matched, because? Quantity? And? Speed? Direct resistance, not only it is difficult to eliminate the enemy, but also it is difficult to save yourself. Wudang Wushu is not the product of empiricism, but the product of rationality. It represents the creation of ancient sages? Stop going? For? Wu? A trend originated from Fuxi, Xuandi, Yao, Shun, Laozi and others. What must be distinguished here is that, firstly, Wudang Wushu is an integral part of China Wushu; Secondly, Wudang Wushu is a great innovation and development of China Wushu, not an improvement of natural Wushu; Third, it has theory before boxing. The theoretical basis of Wudang Wushu is Taoist philosophy.
Taoist philosophy is a part of ancient philosophers in China. In order to solve the problem of human existence perfectly, through the analysis of? God? (cosmic nature),? Land? (Earth Nature),? People? A philosophical concept of the unity and dialectics of the universe, the world, society and life as a whole is obtained through the observation, research and analysis of the relationship between the earth creatures represented by human beings. Taoist philosophy is certainly not a theory created specifically for Taoist boxing. However, Wudang Wushu was invented in Taoism because Taoist philosophy can be widely used in every field of Taoist existence (Taoism also believes that Taoist philosophy can be widely used in any field for human beings). Taoism pays more attention to preserving itself than ordinary people, so it must also have defensive skills. So, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the popular defensive techniques in society, and take the Taoist defensive techniques as the guidance (which originated very early and was finally summarized by Zhang Sanfeng in Wudang Mountain)? Wudang boxing came into being naturally. What is the ontology of Taoist philosophy? Tao? . Think? Heaven, earth and people? There is an eternal between? Tao? Existence. It breeds and evolves into all things, and restricts all things. Its existence is invisible, without image, without beginning and without end; Its behavior is to be soft and defensive, and to do nothing without dispute; Its performance is soft, static, virtual, empty, round, neutral, positive and harmonious. These can be summarized as Tai Chi, Yin and Yang, Five Elements and Eight Diagrams. These basic philosophical principles are used to guide Wudang boxing, which can get twice the result with half the effort compared with other martial arts.
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The martial arts characteristics of Wudang Kung Fu II. Keeping in good health as the purpose
Although its immortal skills and alchemy are full of mystery, Taoism in China shows a very clear desire that people should be cultivated in this life, instead of the afterlife, which emphasizes karma as Buddhism does. Therefore, the most basic principle of Taoist cultivation is to obtain the benefits of health preservation.
Taoism worshiped foreign alchemy in Qin and Han dynasties. External alchemy refers to the alchemy of lead, mercury, sulfur and cinnabar as raw materials. It is said that the initial refined elixir can be used to turn stone into gold, and the further refined elixir can be eaten and soared to immortality. However, due to the difficulty in mastering the temperature of external alchemy, and there are many secrets, it is rare to succeed in burning. However, there are countless people who died by mistake after unsuccessful burning. Therefore, since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Inner alchemy, which advocates the cultivation of the true yuan qi of human body, has become popular. Taoist inner alchemy originally has a method of meditation, but this method can cultivate the true elements of the human body. However, if people can't afford to sit for a long time, they will form self-harm in terms of human activities. In other words, it can make people live longer, but people who live longer can't walk. And the Dan family believes that the technique of Inner Dan must also be combined with dynamic and static. If you just sit still, the refined gas will become dry and lonely, lacking vitality. Therefore, the inner alchemy must really take the road of combining dynamic and static work. The emergence of this dynamic method has become the embryonic form of boxing and martial arts. Like the one who first knew me? The bear is stretched by the bird? Yes? Hua tuo wuqinxi? 、? Baduanjin? 、? Peng Zugong? Wait. It is very likely that Laozi, the originator of Taoism, inherited or created the dynamic method of keeping in good health at that time or very early, and later developed into Tai Ji Chuan's work of Xu Xuanping, Li Daozi, Song Zhongshu and Zhang Sanfeng in the Tang Dynasty, or internal boxing and congenital boxing. Zhang Sanfeng, a Taoist priest of Wudang from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, collected his great achievements to create a school of Wudang Taiji, and later formed a system of Wudang Neijia Boxing, including form, meaning, gossip and various instruments. Make it extend the magical skill and attack function from the body of health preservation. But this kind of attack and defense function is derived on the basis of ensuring health preservation function first. For example, Wudang Neijia Boxing, regardless of fencing or boxing, is the most reasonable way to adjust people's physiology and psychology. It has the wonderful benefits of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, enriching blood and regulating qi, nourishing five internal organs and edifying body and mind. Even in martial arts, you can't violate the principle of health preservation. What are the methods used? Dial a thousand pounds with four or two? 、? Leverage to hit people? . Therefore, all Wudang martial arts must have the function of health preservation, and it is not Wudang that does not have the function of health preservation and fitness.
specifically, Wudang Wushu attaches great importance to the cultivation of human essence, qi and spirit in practice, and emphasizes refining qi, qi and spirit, and refining spirit to come to deficiency. Pet with three tones (adjusting heart, adjusting breath and adjusting body) throughout, everywhere does not violate the principles of medical and health. No matter what kind of achievement method, it emphasizes the training of hands, eyes, body, methods and steps externally, and emphasizes the essence, spirit, qi, strength and power internally. Both internal and external aspects adhere to the principle of "middle, upright, flat, round, loose, static, flexible and flexible", pay attention to the transformation of yin and yang, twist the wire in an arc, combine dynamic and static, and combine softness with rigidity. Taking the practice of transportation and transformation in Dantian as the core, taking the smoothness of meridians, qi, blood and body fluid as the guide, and focusing on improving the function of gonad system? Ordered program of. Its practice to a certain level, on the one hand, enhanced people's life and achieved the effect of getting rid of illness and prolonging life, on the other hand, with the rational use of people's physiological characteristics, played an unexpected effect of self-defense against the enemy, showing Zhang Sanfeng? Want to make the heroes of the world live longer, not to learn from the end of the attack? The real utility of. Zhang Sanfeng said that? Heroes in the world? It's not just a name for people in the Wulin, it's actually a compliment to the people all over the world, and it contains the heart of helping others and saving the world.
the martial arts characteristics of Wudang kungfu. 3. Taking the attack as the final study
? Learn from martial arts? It is the core of wudang boxing school's morality. Is its fundamental principle rooted in Taoist philosophers? Tao? . For example, the origin of Tao is a chaotic body, and there is no contradiction and opposition in the chaotic body. Then, if it is used in the social concept of Taoism, should it be used between people? Chaos? However, there should be no contradiction and opposition. Everyone wants to be equal, so war is uncivilized and immoral. Therefore, Taoism has always advocated the way of peace, which is to stop fighting, and does not advocate barbaric war. Persuade people with reason, not with strength. Therefore, martial arts is naturally regarded as? Don't worry about learning at the end? . Moreover, in any war, no matter how the two sides use their skills, they will ultimately save themselves, weaken or destroy each other, so they are highly antagonistic. Even if the peace-loving party tries its best to restrain and avoid it first, if the other party attacks blindly, it will eventually have to fight hand in hand. Quantity? With? Speed? A life-and-death contest. As a result, both sides will lose, or one will die and one will live. Such a struggle is harmful to people. Taoism wants to preserve one's health, not to hurt one's life, so try to avoid fighting with others, and naturally regard martial arts as? Don't worry about learning at the end? .
So, in this case, since Taoism just keeps in good health, why should it create and invent martial arts boxing?
this is about to talk about the other hand, that is, Taoism has always been dialectical in looking at things. For example, the origin of Tao is a chaotic body without contradiction and opposition, which can be called innate and infinite. But things have evolved from scratch, from nature to later, from infinity to extremes, and there is an evolutionary process that is independent of human will. When it evolves to the acquired pole, there will be opposition between yin and yang. Represented by divinatory symbols, from two instruments to four images, from four images to eight diagrams, such contradictions and opposites are divided layer by layer. Looking at society according to this principle means that people should be good-oriented in social groups, but because of the contradictory relationship, some social groups are not good-oriented. If you don't attack him, he will attack you; You want to protect good people, but he wants to harm good people? What should we do? For? Protect the path and subdue the devil? You must subdue him. Otherwise, what qualifications do you have to be a person who cultivates, protects and explains Taoism? Therefore, martial arts boxing must be learned and practiced. But also to develop the highest skills. Although? Don't use it for a hundred years? , but? Can't you forget it for a day? .
However, Taoist martial arts boxing has always been used in a passive situation. So, it came into being? Post-production? What is the starting point of this emphasis on morality and etiquette? Expensive is not expensive? The principle of struggle. And because it never forgets the essence of health preservation, so it is more tactical? Open-minded and solid? 、? Be soft and be feminine? 、? Chongxia still retreats? 、? Static braking? . Tai Ji Chuan's Interpretation:? Although the body is moving, the heart is quiet, the qi must be gathered, and the spirit should be comfortable. ? On Tai Ji Chuan says again:? Tai Ji Chuan doesn't make his own decisions. Everywhere, there must be a direction for people's actions, so I will follow its direction without a little resistance, so he will fail or fall out, and both of them will exert too much force. ? In the struggle, they all used their strength to hit people, that is, how much did the enemy use? Quantity? 、? Speed? , will this? Quantity? 、? Speed? Give it back to each other. So it is also called? Deal with a man as he deals with you. ?
Therefore, taking martial arts as the final study is determined by the health purpose and moral concept of Wudang Wushu. From this, we can think that to judge whether someone's wudang boxing Kung Fu is authentic, moral standards should be added. An immoral person, no matter how high his kung fu is, can only be regarded as an evil Sect of wudang boxing School, but not as authentic.
martial arts characteristics of Wudang Kung Fu IV. Taking morality as the door style
The door style mentioned here refers to the admonition of the founders of Wudang martial arts schools to be followed from generation to generation. It is still unknown what admonitions Zhang Sanfeng formulated in those days. However, judging from the precepts of Taoism and the precepts inherited by the folk Wudang Neijia Boxing School, although the terms and contents are different, the basic principle is unified, that is, as an heir to Wudang Wushu, he must? Self-denial? , abide by the public * * * morality. It can be seen that in the development of Wudang Wushu after Zhang Sanfeng, all the leaders gave different admonitions according to different historical times, environment and other objective conditions.
For example, there are many kinds of admonitions in Taoism.
such as? Three commandments? : convert to the precept (wholeheartedly to the Tao); Convert to the Divine Ring (believe in 36 revered scriptures); Convert to the precept of life (obey the metaphysical exorcist, that is, the survival behavior of life is guided by the mentor).
such as? Five precepts? ; First, no killing; Second, do not eat meat or drink alcohol (including spicy and violent vegetables); The third is not duplicity; Fourth, no stealing; Fifth, no lewdness. .
such as? Bajie? ; No killing; Second, no lewdness; 3. Do not steal; Fourth, do not be arrogant and die; Five must not be drunk; Sixth, no sleep (sleeping in a comfortable and luxurious bed); 7. Don't put on powder; Don't be obsessed with singing and dancing.
such as? Ten commandments? : one is disobedient to parents and teachers; 2. abstain from killing, killing and cutting off things; Three precepts: treason against the king and murder of the country; Under the temptation promiscuous relatives and other women; Five precepts: slandering Daoism and leaking scriptures lightly; Sixth, abstain from bare-chested exposure and abandon old diseases; Nine commandments: binge drinking and swearing; The Ten Commandments, the Fierce Heroes, Let Yourself Be Willy. There are other commandments, such as Twelve Commandments, Twenty-Seven Commandments, and One Hundred and Eighty Commandments, among which there are more than 1,2 commandments. Disciples who break the precepts, of course, can't pass them on. Not only that, those who violate the precepts are reprimanded and punished, and those who are serious are beaten or expelled from the mountain. There are also those who serve their sentences in Taoist prisons. Since the Ming Dynasty, there has been no Taoist prison in Wudang Mountain, located in Yuanhe Temple, which can still be seen today.
When Wudang Wushu entered the folk, some precepts were obviously added to the traditional ethics. For example, Tai Ji Chuan, a northern school, has been circulating since the Taoist Yun You spread to Wang Zongyue, Shanxi? Four don't pass? 、? Five don't pass? 、? Six don't pass? And? Ten don't pass? Said. ? Four don't pass? For: those who are dangerous and aggressive don't pass it on, those who are low in personality don't pass it on, those who are greedy for wine and good in color don't pass it on, and those who show off after spending money don't pass it on. ? Five don't pass? Is it in? Four don't pass? Add it to the list? Don't pass on the soft and dull bones? . And? Six don't pass? In the future, more? Five don't pass? Add it on top? Unfaithful and unfilial people don't pass it on. Don't pass on the unkind and unjust? Wait. Anyway, no matter how many. If you don't pass it on, you can add or delete different contents at any time according to the needs of the times and social morality.
there are eight characters in Wudang's family teacher's biography, called? Merit, boxing, medicine, machinery, law, wealth, couples and land? . First and foremost? Work? Mainly about merit. It is believed that if a person does not have merit, learning martial arts and boxing will only be harmful. Because, if he doesn't learn, he won't get skills, but learning skills can harm many people. It is said that Ziyang real person in Taoism once misinformed Danfa to non-human, and suffered three great disasters. So Taoism has? It is said that those who misinform the corrupt will delay the seven ancestors. Imagine an immoral person who has learned kung fu, or forgotten his teacher, or bullied his teacher by fighting skills, or set up a family behind his ancestors, or lived in the mountains to rob others of their homes, or often learned from others, how can he pass on his skills to them? Therefore, wu-tang clan has always been very strict and secretive in choosing disciples.
In the past, when dealing with people, descendants of wu-tang clan had to make three moves first, and they had to state in advance: First, it is precious to make friends in the world, so there is no need to fight; Second, Wushu is better than death or injury, and it is best not to really fight; Third, in case it's true, it's over.
The above moral family style of Wudang Wushu actually reflects the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. Although these virtues should be endowed with new contents with the progress of the times, their nature of loving peace and stressing civilization cannot be changed. Therefore, it is also a yardstick for us to observe whether a descendant from wu-tang clan is authentic or not.
Wushu features of Wudang Kung Fu V. Taking nature as the charm.