Guo Moruo, formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, was born in Shawan, Leshan, Sichuan. He attended a private school at a young age and entered Jiading College in 1906, where he began to accept democratic ideas. In the spring of 1914, he went to Japan to study. During this period, he came into contact with the works of foreign writers such as Tagore, Goethe, Shakespeare, and Whitman. "The Shepherd's Lament" written in the spring of 1918 was his first novel. "The Temptation of Death" written in the early summer of 1918 is his earliest new poem. When the May 4th Movement broke out in 1919, he organized the national salvation group Xiashe in Fukuoka, Japan, devoted himself to the New Culture Movement, and wrote poems such as "Phoenix Nirvana", "Earth, My Mother", and "Coal in the Furnace". In June 1921, he, Cheng Fangwu, Yu Dafu and others organized the Creation Society and edited the Creation Quarterly. In 1923, he graduated from the Imperial University of Japan and continued to edit "Creation Weekly" and "Creation Day" after returning to China. From 1924 to 1927, he created the historical dramas "Wang Zhaojun", "Nie Ying" and "Zhuo Wenjun". He went into exile in Japan in 1928. In 1930, he joined the Chinese Left-Wing Writers' Alliance and participated in the activities of the Tokyo branch of the "Left-Wing League". In 1938, he served as a director of the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association. During this period, six historical dramas were created, represented by "Qu Yuan". He also wrote historical treatises such as "Ten Criticisms" and "The Bronze Age" as well as a large number of essays, essays, poems, etc. After the founding of New Zhongyang, he served as a member of the Central People's Government, Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the Culture and Education Commission, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the first, second and third sessions of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and served as the ninth, tenth, and ninth president of the Communist Party of China. Member of the 11th Central Committee, vice chairman of the 1st to 5th National People's Congress Standing Committee, member, standing member and vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. His works include "Ode to Xinhua", "Dongfeng Collection", "Cai Wenji", "Wu Zetian", "Li Bai and Du Fu", etc.
Chronology of major events in Guo Moruo's life:
Born on November 16, 1892 in Shawan Town, Leshan County, Sichuan Province, his scientific name was Kaizhen.
In the spring of 1897, he entered a private school. I studied "The Book of Songs" and "Three Hundred Tang Poems", and liked Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Li Bai.
In 1901, the private school adopted new textbooks compiled and printed in Shanghai.
In the spring of 1905, the eldest brother Guo Kaiwen went to Japan to study. He wanted to accompany him, but his parents did not allow him.
In the spring of 1906, he entered Leshan County Higher Primary School. He ranked first in the first semester, but was demoted to third place because he was jealous of his older classmates.
In the spring of 1907, he was expelled from the school for opposing teacher autocracy. He returned to school through mediation. Xia was promoted to Leshan County Middle School and read a lot of translated novels by Lin Qinnan.
In the autumn of 1908, he suffered from typhoid fever and otitis media, resulting in hearing loss. During his illness, he read ancient books by various scholars from the pre-Qin period, and preferred "Zhuangzi".
In the autumn of 1909, he was expelled from the school for participating in a strike and asking the school and the local government to hand over and punish the perpetrators who injured his classmates.
In the spring of 1910, he entered Chengdu, the provincial capital, and joined the Sichuan government higher secondary school. Winter: Participated in the strike in Chengdu academic circles demanding an early convocation of the National Assembly. He served as a class representative and was expelled. For some reason, this was not implemented. Winter of 1911: The Qing Emperor abdicated. He returned to his hometown to organize a militia to respond to the Revolution of 1911.
In February 1912, he married Zhang Qionghua at the order of his parents. He left home and returned to Chengdu five days later.
In the spring of 1913, he was admitted to the Sichuan Government College of Science in Chengdu, but did not study. Xia was admitted to Tianjin Military Medical School but did not attend school. At the end of the year, with support from my elder brother, I decided to go to Japan to study.
Arrived in Tokyo in January 1914. In autumn, I was admitted to the preparatory course of Tokyo First High School. Classmates with Yu Dafu.
Entered Okayama Sixth High School in the autumn of 1915. I am a classmate with Cheng Fangwu. Read the works of Tagore, Turgenev, Goethe, Heine and others, and get close to Spinoza’s thoughts.
In the summer of 1916, he met Tomiko Sato, a nurse at St. Luke’s Hospital in Tokyo. Winter, married Sato Tomiko in Okayama. Start writing a new poem.
In 1917, the trial translation of Rabindranath Tagore's poetry was suspended due to failure to publish it. In 1918, he participated in the strike of students studying in Japan and boycotted the signing of the "Twenty-One Articles". Xia was promoted to Kyushu Imperial University School of Medicine. He and Zhang Ziping, a classmate studying in Japan, planned to publish a literary journal.
In the summer of 1919, he and his classmates studying in Japan responded to the "May 4th" movement and organized the Xiashe Society, a patriotic society in Japan. Wrote the novel "The Shepherd's Lament". The poem was published in Shanghai's "Current Affairs News" and shocked the Chinese poetry world.
In 1920, a collection of correspondence with Tian Han and Zong Baihua was published as "Sanye Collection". The first part of Goethe's "Faust" was translated, but the manuscript was bitten by mice and could not be published.
In 1921, he took a break from school for half a year. Traveling between Shanghai and Japan to prepare and publish literary publications. In June, the literary group Creation Society was established in Tokyo. The first collection of poems "The Goddess" was published.
In 1922, the quarterly magazine "Creation" was founded on May Day. Translation of Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Werther".
Graduated from Kyushu Imperial University School of Medicine in the spring of 1923. He then returned to China to engage in literary activities, editing and publishing publications of the Creation Society. Translation of the first half of Nietzsche's Zarathustra. A collection of poems, operas and essays "Starry Sky" was published.
In the spring of 1924, he went to Japan and translated Hajime Kawakami's "Social Organization and Social Revolution" and Turgenev's novel "The New Era" in Fukuoka. Develop a systematic understanding of Marxist theory and establish a Marxist worldview. In winter, he returned to China to investigate the war disasters caused by the warlords in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. "Below the Horizontal Line".
In 1925, he met Qu Qiubai, the early leader of the Communist Party of China, in Shanghai. After witnessing the May 30th Massacre, he wrote a two-act play "Nie Er". "Literary Essays" was published. Translation of the Opera Collection of Irish John Qingu. Published the poem "Bottle".
In March 1926, he went to Guangzhou with Yu Dafu and others, where he served as dean of the School of Liberal Arts of Guangdong University and implemented liberal arts reforms. Get to know Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other Communists. The Publishing Department of Creation Society was established. In July, he participated in the Northern Expedition and served as deputy director and acting director of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army.
In March 1927, he wrote "Look at Chiang Kai-shek Today" at Zhu De's residence in Nanchang, denounced Chiang Kai-shek for betraying the revolution. Wanted by Chiang Kai-shek's government. In August, he participated in the August 1st Nanchang Uprising and served as a member of the presidium of the National Revolutionary Committee and director of the General Political Department of the uprising army. Unexpectedly, Zhou Enlai and Li Yimeng introduced him to join the Communist Party of China. In winter, he sneaked back to Shanghai to engage in literary and artistic activities. Retranslation of Faust Part 1. Suffering from typhus, he missed the opportunity to be transferred to the Soviet Union by ship.
In February 1928, in order to avoid being arrested by the Kuomintang government, he left Shanghai with the help of Uchiyama Kanzo, traveled to Japan under an assumed name, and settled in Chiba Prefecture. His actions were monitored by the police. Browse through the pre-Qin historical records in the Tokyo Eastern Han Dynasty Library and study ancient Chinese history. Translation of the novel "The Coal King" by American writer Sinclair.
In 1929, he wrote his autobiographies "My Childhood" and "Before and After". Translation of Sinclair's novel "The Slaughterhouse". Translation of "History of Archaeological Discovery of Fine Arts" by German Michaelis.
In 1930, "Research on Ancient Chinese Society", which demonstrated the existence of the social form of slavery in ancient China, was published. Translation of Sinclair's novel "Kerosene".
In 1931, he wrote "Research on Oracle Bone Inscriptions", "Research on Yin and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions", and "A Series of Two-week Bronze Inscriptions". Translation of Marx's "Critique of Political Economy". Translated the Russian Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", the British Welsh "Science of Life", etc.
In 1932, the "December 18th Incident" occurred, and translations of "Science of Life" and other manuscripts were burned at the Shanghai Commercial Press. He wrote "Inscriptions on Bronze Texts" and "Ten Years of Creation".
In 1933, he wrote "Bi Ci Tong Uur", "Remaining Interpretations of Bronze Inscriptions", "An Examination of Ancient Inscriptions", etc. In 1934, he wrote "A Textual Research and Interpretation of the Two-week Collection of Jinwen Ci", "The Evolution of the Pre-Qin Temple of Heavenly Dao", and "Study on Qu Yuan". Retranslated "The Science of Life". Compiled and translated "Collection of Japanese Short Stories".
In 1936, he wrote several historical sketches, which were compiled into "Sheep Tellurium". Translated from Japan Lin Qianzo's "Research on Yan Music in the Sui and Tang Dynasties". Translation of Schiller's "Status of Warren" in Germany.
In 1937, he wrote "Yin Qicui Edition" and "Sequel to the Ten Years of Creation". In July, the Anti-Japanese War broke out. He returned home alone to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. Hosted the "National Salvation Daily" in Shanghai, organized a cultural propaganda team, and a field service team to work on the front lines. As a non-party person, he was engaged in anti-war cultural work under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai.
In January 1938, he combined with Yu Liqun and went to Wuhan from Guangzhou to serve as the director of the Third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the National Government. Elected as a director of the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association. In October, Wuhan was lost and the army retreated to Chongqing via Changsha and Guilin.
In 1939, "Research on Shiguwen" was published.
In April 1940, the Han Dynasty Tomb of the Fourth Year of Yanguang was excavated on the north bank of the Jialing River in Chongqing. In September, he resigned as director of the three departments to protest against the Kuomintang government's forced reorganization of the Political Department. In November, the Kuomintang authorities were forced to agree to form a cultural working committee with the director as its director.
In November 1941, Zhou Enlai, Yu Youren, Feng Yuxiang and others initiated the commemoration of the 25th anniversary of Guo Moruo's creative life and his 50th birthday. Compiled "Fifty Years of Simplified Music". Rewrite "The Flower of Tangdidi".
In 1942, he wrote the historical dramas "Qu Yuan", "Tiger Fu", "Gao Jianli" and "Peacock Gale" and translated Goethe's "Hermann and Douluo Moss". Founded Qunyi Publishing House and edited the academic journal "Zhongyuan".
In 1943, he wrote the historical drama "Nanguancao". Study the pre-Qin scholars.
In the spring of 1944, he wrote "The Three Centenary Ceremony of Jiashen", which was designated as a rectification study document by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
In 1945, he drafted "Advice on the Current Situation in the Cultural Sector" and called for democratic politics. The Cultural Work Committee was dissolved by the Kuomintang government. "The Bronze Age" and "Ten Criticisms" were published. Xia left Chongqing and arrived in Shanghai. Went to Nanjing to participate in the Kuomintang peace talks. "Historical Figures" published.
In 1947, he translated the second part of Goethe's "Faust". Compiled "Boyhood", "Revolutionary Spring and Autumn", "Heaven and Earth Xuanhuang", etc. Moved to Hong Kong in winter.
In 1948, he wrote "Memoirs of the Anti-Japanese War" (later renamed "Hong Bo Qu"). At the end of the year, in order to attend the new CPPCC meeting, I went to the Northeast Liberated Area.
In March 1949, he led the Chinese delegation to attend the Prague Conference of the World Conference for Peace. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was elected chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Workers and vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
In October, the People's Republic of China was founded, and he served as Vice Premier of the Government Affairs Council, Director of the Culture and Education Committee, and President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In March 1950, he was elected as the chairman of the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Research Association. In May, the Working Committee for the Unification of Academic Terminology was established and he was appointed as the director. In August, he led a Chinese delegation to visit North Korea. In November, he attended the Second World Congress for the Defense of Peace held in Warsaw.
In February 1951, he attended the World Peace Council meeting in Berlin. In November, he attended the World Peace Council meeting in Vienna. In December, he won the Stalin International Prize for Strengthening International Peace. "Haitao Collection" was published.
In February 1952, "The Age of Slavery" was published, which determined that the lower limit of slavery society was at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Served as director of the Central Archaeological Training Class. Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Honorary member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
In March, he attended the World Peace Council Executive Board meeting in Oslo.
In July, he attended the special meeting of the World Peace Council held in Berlin.
In October, the Asia and Pacific Regional Peace Conference initiated by Soong Ching Ling, Peng Zhen and others was held in Beijing.
In November, he attended the World People's Peace Conference held in Vienna.
In 1953, he wrote "Modern Translation of Qu Yuan's Fu". In March, he went to the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia with Zhou Enlai to express his condolences to Stalin and Gottwald. In May, he attended the Standing Committee of the World Peace Council held in Stockholm. In June, he attended the World Peace Council meeting in Budapest. Elected as the second chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He was awarded the title of academician of the Polish Academy of Sciences and honorary academician of Bulgaria.
In 1954, he wrote "Guanzi Collection". In May, he attended the special meeting of the World Peace Council held in Berlin. In June, he attended the World Peace Council Conference on Easing International Situations held in Stockholm. Elected vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
In January 1955, he attended the international conference for world peace held in Vienna. In April, he attended the international conference for world peace held in New Delhi. In June, he attended the international conference for world peace held in Helsinki. In winter, he led the Chinese scientific delegation to visit Japan and wrote "Miscellaneous Poems on a Visit to Japan".
In 1956, he served as deputy director of the Scientific Planning Committee of the State Council, deputy director of the Central Committee for the Promotion of Mandarin, and director of the Chinese Pinyin Plan Review Committee.
In 1957, the 17-volume "Collected Works of Moruo" began to be published. In June, he attended the World Peace Council held in Colombo.
Guo Moruo died in Beijing on June 12, 1978, at the age of 86.