Song Qinzong, formerly known as Zhao Xu, also known as Zhao Xuan. He was the last emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty and the eldest son of Zhao Ji, Song Huizong. He was born on April 13th in the third year. In December of the seventh year of Xuanhe, the Jin people invaded the south. Huizong Chan came to the throne and reigned for 1 year and 2 months. He was indecisive, capricious, and lacked judgment on political issues. During the Kang Revolution, he was captured by the Jin people and went north. In the 26th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, he died of illness in Yanjing at the age of 57 and was buried in Yongxianling. Basic information Song Qinzong, the ninth emperor of the Song Dynasty, the eldest son of the Northern Song Dynasty and Queen Wang, the younger brother of the Southern Song Dynasty, the nephew of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the grandson of the Northern Song Dynasty. Qinzong Fu Yuan was born in Kunning Hall on April 13, the third year of Gengchen. He married in June of the sixth year of Zheng He, and the crown prince was Julian. Reigned from December 24, the seventh year of Xuanhe - February 6, the second year of Jingkang. In March of the first year, the country was named Jingkang: From December 29, the seventh year of Xuanhe - February 6, the second year of Jingkang, the country was named 1 . Chen Geng, Shaoxing, Qinzong died in Wuzhou City on June 10, 2016, at the age of 57. His temple name is Qinzong, his posthumous title is Emperor Gongwen, Shunde, Renxiao, and Qinzong is buried in Yongxian Mausoleum. In December of the seventh year of Xuanhe, the Jin soldiers went south, and his father, Huizong Zenzong, came to the throne. The following year, the militant group Li Gang was forced to resist the Jin Dynasty, and Cai Jing and his party were killed and ousted. With great success, the golden soldiers in the north retreated. But he still agreed to pay compensation and cede Taiyuan and other three towns for peace. In the first year of Kang Dynasty, the Jin people made a comeback. In November, Jin soldiers besieged Kaifeng, Bianjing, and went to Jin Ying to ask for an explanation in person, but was detained. In February of the second year of Kangxi, the city of Bianjing was destroyed and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. In April, Huizong's clan and some ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty were kidnapped by nomads and brought to the north. They were first resettled in Yanjing and then moved to Huining Mansion in Shangjing in September. In August 1128, the sixth year of the Jin Dynasty, the party came to Beijing. Jin Taizong was granted the title of Hun Gong, and Qin Zong was granted the title of Chonghun Hou. In October, Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin were sent to Hanzhou. In July 1130, the second emperor moved to the northern border town of Wu Guocheng, where he "looked at the sky from a well." In April of the thirteenth year, his father Huizong Zhao Ji died in Five Kingdoms City. In the first year of the emperor's reign, Jin Xizong changed the name to Tianshui County, Hunde Gong became Tianshui County, and Haibin King became King Yu. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Gaozong's mother Wei and Huizong Zigong were released to the south. Before leaving, they knelt down in front of Zhao Huan and begged the Wei family to write a letter to Emperor Zhao Gou asking his half-brother to redeem him. "It's enough for Taiyi to see the master, don't dare to expect anything." He only needs to return to the Song Dynasty to be a Taoist priest, and he no longer wants to be an emperor. When Webster returned, there was no news. But when the emperor talked about peace and killed Yue Fei and other famous generals, only Qin Zonger was paying attention. After Jin Hailing and Wan Yanliang came to the throne, he moved Zhao Huan to Huining Mansion in Shangjing. In the first year of Zhenyuan, Wan Yanliang left Beijing and moved to Yanjing, renamed Zhongdu, and brought Zhao Huan with him. In June of the first year of Long Dynasty, he died of illness in Yanjing at the age of 57 and was buried in Yongxianling by the Jin Dynasty. Zhao Huan's death in Yanjing is recorded in history books, which is conclusive. "Cihai", "Chronology of Major Events in Chinese History", etc. It is wrong to say that he died in Five Kingdoms City. The cause of Zhao Huan's death is also recorded in "The Legacy of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty". June 26
It was not until the thirty-first year of Shaoxing that the news of Zhao Huan's death reached the Southern Song Dynasty. His brother Gaozong Zhao Gou was in pain on the surface, but secretly happy in his heart, he could finally feel at ease. In July, his posthumous title was "Emperor Gongwen, Shunde, Renxiao" and his temple name was Qinzong. To his credit, Song Qinzong had only been in office for more than a year, but he had paid homage to twenty-six ministers. Among them, Geng Nazhong, Li Gang, Zhong Shidao and others had a key influence on the crisis. Some of their important national salvation strategies were not adopted by Song Qinzong, while some major mistakes were adopted by Song Qinzong. The following is an excerpt from the article "Song Qinzong and His Four Prime Ministers" by Wang Zengyu, a researcher at the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Through this article, we can understand the gains and losses of Song Qinzong's political strategies during his reign, as well as his achievements and shortcomings in governing the country for one year. 1. Before he and Geng Nazhong ascended the throne, Geng Nazhong was the crown prince for the fourteenth year of Gong Liao. Song Huizong doted on his third son, Zhao Haoqikai, which meant abolishing his status. According to Hu Yin, "The emperor was in the East Palace, and when the emperor announced his presence, Wang Fu's desire was shaken many times. Nanzhong was the official of the East Palace. If he couldn't figure out what to do, he would turn to Li Cheng to help the rightists. The Yan people Favored for a while, the Yin people were always in dispute because of Wang Fu's coaxing." Due to the special relationship when the crown prince's position was in jeopardy, Song Qinzhong appointed Geng Nanzhong as the Privy Council on the third day after he ascended the throne. He signed the letter and was subsequently promoted to Shang Cheng. Geng Nanzhong was afraid of the Jin army and "ran out of the pepper room". He once escaped from Kaifeng Mansion, but he still won the trust of Song Qinzong. Geng Nanzhong's most important political achievements after coming to power were, firstly, to eliminate dissidents, and secondly, to "advocate peace" and undermine the anti-golden movement. These two misdeeds were not in peacetime, but in times of crisis, so they had to play a very bad role in the collapse of the Northern Song Dynasty. There were many scholar-bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty who did not dare to fight in public but dared to fight in private. If they are completely ineffective in governing the country and saving the country, they will scheming with each other and playing tricks, but they are smart enough. Geng Nanzhong is a typical example. Second, Song Qinzong and Li Gang, when the Jin army invaded the south, Song Fang's government and hands were in chaos, and they were simply helpless. Li Gang, who was often a girl, stood out and rose to the position of Minister of War, quickly assuming power. Song Qinzong then appointed him to stay in Tokyo and fight in person. As Volume 130 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei" said, "Who made him better at that time? At this point, morale was lost, and no one was willing to move forward. Only the canal still ignored death and had to rely on it." Li Gang, as a The civil servants who did not understand military affairs were in a hurry, but they actually organized Kaifeng's city defense quite effectively and repeatedly repulsed the enemy.
He not only won high prestige among the scholars and people, but also aroused the deep envy of his peers. Song Qinzong vacillated between cowardly capitulationism and reckless adventurism. He appointed Li Gang to be in charge of city defense, but he could not grant full power and did not listen to Li Gang's dissuasion. He was committed to humiliation and peace. In early February of the first year of Kang's reign, Yao was approved to rob Jinying but failed. Director Li's "Continuation of Zizhi Tongjian Changbian" attributed the matter to "Li Gang's plan of an iron-faced loyal minister", but Li Gang clearly stated in the "Edict of the Last Emperor" that "iron-faced loyal ministers" have nothing to do with a minister. . Therefore, Volume 130, "Zhu Zi Yu Lei", argued that "the robbery of the stronghold was decided by Yao's luck, but the outline is unclear." In fact, the robbery caused considerable losses, and "only a hundred soldiers were lost in the camp, As for the teachers of 3 Xibing and King Qin, more than a thousand soldiers were injured." However, Prime Minister Li Bangyan "is at peace with the party and avoids Li Gang's main battlefield." He took the opportunity to exaggerate the situation with all the ruling parties and blame Li Gang. Song Qinzong panicked and ordered the dismissal of Li Gang and the veterans
Although he was forced to re-appoint Li Gang, there was no evidence that Li Gang was behind the scenes to manipulate this "ambush". , quite taboo. At that time, Li Gang was accused of having more than 3,000 titles, but Li Gang "only used 31 titles" just because he replaced two low-level military attachés, deputy lieutenant Wu Jin. However, Song Qinzong actually kissed the royal family and said, "Weijun is a blessing, Weijun is a blessing." It is the power that the ministers only have, so it cannot last long." As Zhu lamented, "How do you teach people to do things?" Song Qinzong was forced to form an alliance with the commander-in-chief of Jin Donglu Army. Afterwards, he repented and followed Li Gang's suggestion to "relieve the siege of Taiyuan" and refused to cede the land north of Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian. After Song Qinzong broke the contract, the first issue was to rescue the besieged Hedong capital Taiyuan. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, a major drawback of the unified military system during wartime was that it followed the tradition. Civil servants did not know how to fight, and eunuchs such as Tong Guan and Liang often took charge of military affairs. As mentioned before, Li Gang publicly reprimanded Geng Nazhong for alienating the emperor and his son, causing more discord between the two sides. When the Song army failed to rescue Taiyuan for the first time, Geng Nanzhong took the opportunity to say: "If you want to help Taiyuan, it is necessary." Song Qinzong immediately appointed Li Gang as the propaganda envoy of Hebei and Hedong Road. At that time, Taiwan's admonishers Chen, Chen Gongfu, and Yu Yingqiu all saw through the intentions of Geng Nanzhong and others, saying that Li Gang "knows nothing about the army, and the army will be defeated", "was trapped by his ministers", and "should not have done anything". Li Gang himself was self-aware. He "bowed to his own strength once again" and said that he "had committed a major national event and death was not enough to bear the responsibility." Song Qinzong was furious after hearing the slander. Han Xu, the only fellow member of Zhai Zhizhong who knew the affairs of the Privy Council, inscribed the word "Du You" on Li Gang, citing the story of the Qin general who was killed in Tianlei. Li Gang had to travel here. The Battle of Taiyuan was a key battle that determined the fate of the Northern Song Dynasty. The fall of Taiyuan allowed the Western Route Army of Shanxi to move south to join forces with the Eastern Route Army. However, the main force of the Song Army was exhausted in two rescue battles, and the fall of Kaifeng was a foregone conclusion. Li Gang did not try his best in the rescue battle, but under already very difficult circumstances, he encountered many constraints from the court, and was eventually driven out of Beijing after the fall of Taiyuan. Later, as Hu Yin commented, Geng Nanzhong said: "If the east of the river is divided into China, it will fall, and I will definitely reach out to ask for peace." Li Gang's downfall was certainly due to Geng Nazhong's anger, but the one who suffered the most was Song Qinzong himself. When Kaifeng was besieged again, in November of the first year of Jingkang, Song Qinzong "called Li Gang to be the Prime Minister of the University and lead the Kaifeng Mansion", but it was too late. Li Gang received this edict probably in the second year of Jingkang, which was March of the first year of Jianyan, when the Jin people were driving Lu Hui and Emperor Qin northward. Although the rescue of Taiyuan failed, in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, all wise people in the government and the public still believed that only Li Gang could take on the important task of saving the country.