Brick masonry is built with cement mortar or cement mortar mixed mortar. Brick wall material has simple production process, convenient construction, high efficiency, fast construction speed and strong adaptability.
Chapter II Preparation of Materials
Brick 1: the variety and strength grade must meet the design requirements, and there are factory certificates and test sheets. Bricks of dry wall should be uniform in color and neat in edges and corners.
2 Cement: The variety and grade should be selected according to the masonry location and environmental conditions. Generally, 32.5 ordinary portland cement or mineral portland cement should be adopted.
3 sand: medium sand is used. The silt content of sand used to prepare mortar below M5 is not more than 65,438+00%, and the silt content of mortar above M5 is not more than 5%. Before use, sieve with 5mm aperture.
4 Admixtures: The curing time of lime shall not be less than 7d, or fly ash shall be used.
5 Other materials: wall lacing and embedded parts, wooden bricks should be brushed with preservatives, etc.
Chapter III Construction Machines and Tools
1 shovel, planer, tile cutter, flat blade, wire support plate, wire pendant, small white wire, tape measure, molten iron level, small bucket, ash trough, brick trough, brick clamp, broom, etc. shall be provided.
2 operating conditions
(1) Complete indoor and outdoor backfilling and install ditch cover plate.
(2) Complete the hidden inspection procedures of foundation and foundation engineering.
(3) according to the elevation with cement mortar moistureproof layer.
(4) Play the axis wall line well, according to the actual specifications and sizes of incoming bricks, pop up the position line of doors and windows, the experience line meets the design requirements, and complete the pre-inspection procedures.
(5) According to the design elevation requirements, set a number of skin poles, and the spacing between skin poles should be 15 ~ 20m.
(6) Mortar shall be prepared by the laboratory, and mortar (6 pieces as a group) shall be prepared for test.
Chapter IV Process Flow
Section 1 Process Flow
The second quarter pouring bricks
Clay brick must be watered and wetted the day before laying, and it is advisable to soak the brick edge with 1.5cm water, and the moisture content is 10% ~ 15%. Dry bricks shall not be used for wall construction at room temperature. Brick walls saturated with water content shall not be used in rainy season; It is difficult to water in winter, so the consistency of mortar must be increased appropriately.
In the third quarter mortar mixing
Mortar mixture ratio should adopt weight ratio, the measurement accuracy of cement should be 2%, and sand and gypsum should be controlled within 5%. Appropriate use of mechanical mixing, mixing time is not less than 65438±0.5min.
The fourth quarter brick wall
(1) assembly method:
Masonry generally adopts the masonry method of "one shun and one ding" (full ding and full bar), "plum blossom ding" or "three shun and one ding". Brick column masonry method shall not be adopted after four weeks.
(2) Brick arrangement and bottom dumping (dry bricklaying):
Generally, when laying the first floor of the external wall, two gables are lined with butyl bricks, and the front and rear eaves are lined with bricks. According to the position line of doors and windows, carefully check the size of the wall and crib between windows, and whether its length conforms to the brick row module. If it does not meet the module number, you can move the position of the window left and right. If there is any broken work, seven bricks or small bricks should be arranged in the middle of the window, with a crib or other inconspicuous parts. When moving the position of doors and windows, attention should be paid to the installation of warm risers and the opening of doors and windows. In addition, when arranging bricks, it is also necessary to consider that the brick wall at the upper side of the door and window will not be damaged when closed. Therefore, comprehensive consideration should be given when arranging bricks. When arranging the first skin brick of the front and rear eaves, it is necessary to consider bricklaying after window throwing products. It is a good job to divide the window angle into seven parts.
(3) the choice of brick:
Dry wall should be made of bricks with neat edges and corners, no bending and cracks, uniform color and basically the same specifications. When knocking, the sound is loud, and the color changes after baking. Deformed bricks can be used on foundations and interior walls that do not affect the appearance.
(4) Angle:
Tiles should be adjusted in angle before bricklaying, and the angle should not exceed five layers at a time. The big angle of the new plate should be hoisted and tightened in time. If there is any deviation, it should be repaired in time. When setting the angle, carefully control the brick layer and elevation of the skin pole, control the size of the mortar joint, and make the horizontal mortar joint uniform. After the big horn board is finished, review it again. After the horizontal and vertical completely meet the requirements, hang up the line to build a wall.
(5) Hang the line:
The masonry of a brick and a half wall must be hung on both sides. If several long walls use a passing line, there should be several branch points in the middle, and the small line should be tightened. Each layer of brick should be threaded to make the transverse joints even and smooth. When laying a thick layer of brick baked with mixed water, external lines should be used, which can take care of the flatness of both sides of the brick wall and lay the foundation for controlling the plastering thickness in the next working procedure.
(6) Bricklaying:
Bricklaying should adopt the trinity bricklaying method of shoveling ash and squeezing one brick, that is, the operation method of full spreading and squeezing. Bricks should be leveled when laying bricks. If the hand is high, the wall should be opened; If your hands are low, you should put your back against the wall. Bricklaying must follow the line, the upper line, the lower edge, and the left and right neighbors should be flat. The thickness of horizontal mortar joint and the width of vertical mortar joint are generally 10mm, but they should not be less than 8mm and not more than 12 mm ... In order to ensure that the main joints of drywall are vertical, deviation is not allowed. When the frame height is finished, it is advisable to play two vertical vertical vertical lines at horizontal intervals of 2m, so that deviation can be controlled by sections. In the process of operation, self-inspection should be carried out seriously. If there are editing errors, they should be corrected at any time. It is forbidden to hit the wall afterwards. Dry wall is not allowed to be divided into three parts, and it is not allowed to move or sew at will on the upper part. Masonry mortar should be used with mixing. Generally, cement mortar must be used up within 3h, and cement mixed mortar must be used up within 4h. Overnight mortar is not allowed. Brick-concrete drywall should be jointed with the increase of build by laying bricks or stones, with joint depth of 8 ~ 10 mm, consistent depth and clean wall surface. The mixed water wall should scrape off your tongue when you build it.
(7) Leave if:
The corner of the external wall should be laid at the same time. At the junction of internal and external walls, an oblique gap must be left. The horizontal projection length of the oblique slope should not be less than 2/3 of the height of the wall. If the child must be straight. The subsection position should be at the deformation joint or the corner of doors and windows. When the partition wall and the wall or column are not laid at the same time, convex ribs can be left and Rachel ribs can be embedded. Every 120mm wall thickness shall be embedded along the wall height by 50㎝1Ф 6 steel bars according to the design requirements, and the embedded length on each side shall generally not be less than 50㎝. In areas with seismic fortification intensity of 6 degrees and 7 degrees, it should not be less than 100mm, and the end should be hooked at 90 degrees. Construction of the hole should also leave horizontal Rachel reinforcement according to the above requirements. The top of partition wall shall be extruded with vertical bricks.
(8) The reserved hole of wooden brick and Rachel reinforcement of wall:
When the wooden brick is embedded, the small head is outside and the big head is inside, and the number is determined according to the height of the hole. The height of the hole is within 1.2m, with 2 pieces on each side; 1.2 ~ 2m high, with 3 pieces on each side; Height 2 ~ 3, put 4 pieces on each side. Embedded wooden bricks are generally four leather bricks above or below the hole, which are evenly distributed in the middle. Wooden bricks should be preserved in advance. The reserved holes for installing steel doors and windows, hard formwork supports and heating pipes shall be reserved according to the design requirements, and shall not be chiseled out afterwards. The position, specification, quantity and spacing of Rachel bars in the wall shall be retained according to the design requirements, and shall not be misplaced or missed.
(9) lintel and beam pad installation:
When lintel and beam pad are installed, their elevation, position and model must be accurate and full of gray. If the ash thickness exceeds 2 ㎝, bean stone concrete should be paved. During lintel installation, the length of supporting points at both ends should be consistent.
(10) constructional column method:
Where there is a constructional column project, before bricklaying, the position of the constructional column should be well played according to the design drawings, and the constructional column should be inserted straight. When building a wall, the joint with the constructional column will be built into a horse tooth. The dimension of each horse fork in the height direction should not exceed 30㎝ (that is, five-skin bricks). Ma Ya should take a step back first. Rachel reinforcement should be placed according to the design requirements. When there is no requirement in the design, two horizontal Rachel bars Ф 6 are generally set along the wall, with a height of 50㎝, and the depth of each side extending into the wall is not less than1m.
Section 5 Winter Construction
It is estimated that winter construction will start when the average temperature of 10d is lower than 5℃ or the daily minimum temperature is lower than -3℃. Bricks used in winter need to be defrosted before laying. Ordinary portland cement should be used for cement, and plastering should be frost-proof. If it has been frozen, it should be melted before use. Sand shall not contain frozen blocks larger than 1cm. When heating materials, water heating shall not exceed 80℃, and sand heating shall not exceed 40℃. Water properly when the temperature is positive, and stop when the temperature is negative. The consistency of mortar can be appropriately increased. Cement-free mortar should not be used in winter. When adding salt into mortar, the depth of salt solution should be checked by Baume's specific gravity. However, the project with thermal insulation or decoration requirements shall not be mixed with salt, the mortar temperature shall not be lower than 5℃, and the salt content shall comply with the provisions of the winter application plan. When salt-mixed mortar is used for masonry, the reinforcement in masonry should be treated with anti-corrosion in advance, and two layers of anti-rust paint are generally applied.
Chapter V Quality Standards
Section 1 Main Project
(1) The variety and strength of brick must meet the design requirements.
(2) The variety and strength of mortar should meet the design requirements. The average compressive strength of each test block of mortar of the same variety and strength grade is not less than the design strength value, and the minimum strength of any test block is not less than 75% of the design strength.
(3) Masonry mortar must be dense and full, and the mortar fullness of horizontal mortar joint of solid brick masonry shall not be less than 80%.
(4) The constructional column should be kept correct. If Malaysia retreats first, it should be straight up and down: the residual mortar should be cleaned.
(5) The drywall shall be laid correctly, the vertical joints shall be smooth, the scraping depth shall be appropriate and consistent, the edges and corners shall be neat, and the wall shall be neat and beautiful.
Section 2 General items
1 The assembly method of brick masonry should be correct, with staggered joints up and down, built inside and outside, and brick columns should not be filled with cores.
2 mortar joint of brick masonry should be horizontal and vertical, with uniform thickness. The thickness of horizontal mortar joint should be 10mm, but not less than 8mm and not more than 12 mm. ..
Section 3 Allowable Deviation Items
The allowable deviation of the general dimensions of brick masonry conforms to the provisions in the table below.
Chapter VI Protection of Finished Products
1 wall Rachel reinforcement, seismic constructional column reinforcement, formwork concrete wall reinforcement and various embedded parts, heating and sanitation, electrical pipes, etc. It shall be protected and shall not be removed or damaged at will.
2 mortar consistency should be appropriate, and mortar should be prevented from splashing dirty walls when building walls.
3 When hoisting platform scaffolding or installing large formwork, commanders and drivers should carefully command and operate to prevent collision with brick walls that have been built by laying bricks or stones.
4 Around the elevated feed inlet, plastic film or wooden board should be used to cover it to keep the wall clean.
5. When there is a strong wind, temporary support and other measures should be taken to ensure the stability of the wall during construction.
Chapter VII Safety and Environment
1 Before the mortar mixer and its supporting machinery are operated, it should be put into no-load trial operation, and then it should be turned on after operation.
2 Mixer should have a special switch box and be equipped with leakage protector. When parking, the power brake should be pulled, and it should be locked when off duty.
3 Operators shall wear safety helmets as required.
Whether it is the load-bearing wall of brick-concrete structure or the infilled wall of frame structure, an outer frame should be erected and protected during construction.
5 When the floor is unloaded and stacked, it is forbidden to dump and hit the floor. When stacked on the floor, it should be scattered and piled up, which shall not exceed the design allowable bearing capacity of the floor.
6, in the process of operation, the window with poor stability and independent column should be appropriately increased temporary support.
7 When building a wall every day, the extra broken bricks and floor ash should be cleaned up, so that the floor ash can be reused, and the gravel should be piled up in the designated place.
Chapter VIII Matters needing attention
1 The foundation wall is staggered from the upper wall: the bottom of the foundation brick should be laid correctly, and both sides of the big corner should be equal. Before retreating to the wall, check whether the axis and sideline are correct. If the deviation is small, it can be corrected in the foundation part, and it is not allowed to retreat or go out above the moistureproof layer.
2. Drift joints of drywall: When arranging bricks, vertical joints must be evenly arranged, and the height of the first grid must be well laid. Every 2m, hang vertical elastic lines on the vertical position of the cut brick with supporting plates, and then continue to hang vertical elastic lines with the second grid, so that the lengths of all seven separated parts from bottom to top will be consistent, and the upper window position must be perpendicular to the lower window.
3. The mortar joint size is even: the elevation of the number of vertical poles should be consistent, and the mortar joint should be controlled evenly when the corner is set. When bricklaying, the small line should be tightened to prevent one layer from being loose and the other layer from being tight.
4. The vertical seam on the upper part of the window becomes movable: in order to make the walls and piles between the windows arrange neatly, the rubble should be placed in the middle or inconspicuous position, and it is not allowed to become movable at will after the first row of bricks are laid.
5. Brick wall arching: When building the external brick internal formwork wall, leave 6cm- 12cm through holes in the upper, middle and lower parts of the windows and the walls on both sides of the seismic column, place wooden formwork on the external wall of the seismic column, and firmly connect the large formwork with flower basket bolts. Concrete should be poured in layers. If the brick wall is found bulging during vibrating, it should be demolished and rebuilt in time.
6. The mixing wall is rough: the tongue ash is not completely scraped, and half a brick is intensively used to produce joints; Large deviation on the back of thick brick wall: staggered layers of brick wall cause spiral wall. Half a brick should be scattered on the larger surface of the wall. The first skin brick on the first floor or floor should check the elevation and height of the skin pole to prevent the spiral wall from being built at the top. Thick brick walls should be hung by hand.
7. The masonry at the constructional column does not meet the requirements: the constructional column brick wall should be built with big horse teeth and set with Rachel bars. Both sides should retreat from the foot of the column first. When the chisel depth is 12cm, it is advisable to put a skin 6cm at the upper mouth of the column and a skin 12cm at the upper corner, so as to ensure that the ground ash and brick slag impurities in the dense constructional column at the upper corner must be cleaned up during concrete pouring to prevent slag inclusion in the concrete.
Chapter IX Quality Records
This process standard should have the following quality records:
1 factory certificate and test report of materials (cement, red brick, sand, lime putty, admixture, etc.). ).
2 notice of mortar mixture ratio.
3 masonry mortar test block report.
4 hidden inspection records.
5 design changes and negotiation records.
6 Inspection and evaluation of subdivisional work.
Make an overall evaluation report on the visual quality of masonry engineering.
8. Provide other technical information.
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