The pen is ethereal and lively, and the whole body is full of vitality. Don't draw, don't scan into words, here is a reference of Fiona Fang. The eternal center is supreme, and all directions make the heart change first. Seek form and quality instead of going with the flow, and stress rules and nature. The principle of brushwork has two aspects:
The first is the writing principle: the writing principle is in the principle of potential law;
Second, the principle of pen transport: the principle of pen transport mainly includes reverse pen lifting, recycling, center pen and pen lifting to make it rotate.
1, on brushwork
Posture method is about the posture of writing and the method of holding a pen. Whether it's posture, standing, sitting, squatting, wrist, pillow, lifting, hanging, or fingering, two fingers, pinching, pedaling and five fingers. The emergence of these laws is basically established. The principle of the potential method is one: everything is based on the physiological conditions of the human body to facilitate writing and exerting strength. For example, "five-finger writing" is generally used.
"Yi", "gambling", "hook", "case" and "ground" are all based on a person's five fingers in his hand and their physiological condition. To put it bluntly, it is the division of labor of writing five fingers. What you do, what tasks you take, make the pen easy to run, easy to force, easy to write, and write the beautiful calligraphy art you need.
(1) ":Hold the pen tube with the upper thumb;
(2) Grip: Press the pen tube with the first end of the index finger to make it equal to the force of the thumb, hold the pen holder and twist the pen tube.
(3) Hook: Hook the pen tube with the upper end of the middle finger to make the pen tube move inward (downward);
(4) Grid: use the tip of the ring finger to cling to the pen tube, resist the inward (downward) hook of the middle finger, and make the pen tube move outward (upward);
(5) Touch: Touch the ring finger with the little finger to play its auxiliary role. In this way, the five fingers' division of labor is clear and reasonable, and they perform their duties in the process of writing. Five fingers together, so that the pen can move freely up and down, left and right in the hand.
2. The theory of writing.
(1) Reverse recovery is the principle of Tibetan front.
This reflects the implicit beauty of China people's tradition. There is a famous saying in calligraphy techniques, "Never leave, never hang or fall", which is called "eight-character mantra". Why do you want to "reverse"? Why "recycle"? In essence, this is a "folding movement".
First, the principle of mechanics.
If you throw an object upward, you should first fall (accumulate power) and then throw it upward (exert force); Another example is boxing. You have to contract (accumulate strength) first, and then extend (exert strength). If you turn around and turn right, you must turn left and then right, left, right and then left. Only in this way will there be strength;
Cultivation of China people's traditional character.
People in China pay attention to reserve and caution, and they are afraid of sharp edges and are too angry. Implicit character must be implicit aesthetic concept. The reverse recycling pen brings the implicit beauty of "hiding the head and protecting the tail"
(2) Center pen, and the writing brush is tapered.
Presenting a three-dimensional aesthetic feeling. There is also a famous saying about using a pen in the center, "It is not easy to use a pen in the center through the ages."
Why use a center to write? One is the structure of the brush. The brush is conical, and its hair is rolled up layer by layer. After inking, the ink in the middle and tip will be more and thicker, while the ink in the edges and auxiliary hairs will be less and lighter. The second is the nature of rice paper. Xuan paper is generally used for writing, and its main feature is good hydration. For example, the center is used for writing, the ink color in the middle of the stroke is the strongest and darkest, and the ink color on both sides is lighter. This kind of stroke with a light black edge in the middle presents a three-dimensional sense.
In order to keep the center unchanged when writing, the pen should be lifted at the turning point when writing horizontally, and the pen should be rotated when writing circularly. This turning is the same as walking and turning. When a person turns a corner, he or she must turn around and always keep his or her face forward.
(3) The principle of shifting before adjustment. Show a sense of rhythm. In the process of writing, there are pen-lifting, pen-pressing, pen-pressing, pen-pressing and pen-pressing. Moving the pen rhythmically is called "writing". This is my definition of "writing". This is also the difference between writing and painting, painting, brushing and painting.
Why do you want to mention it and press it in the process of writing?
First, the need to turn the front.
When you turn, you should lift the pen and press it after adjusting the front. Otherwise, the pen can't be turned and the center can't write;
B, the need for reverse recycling.
When drawing backwards horizontally, the pen tip enters the paper to the left first, then turns the pen tip down and writes to the right. When drawing horizontally, raise the pen first, and then press back to collect the pen. It is impossible to "reverse recovery" without mentioning or exerting pressure;
C, the pen needs "twists and turns".
This "twists and turns"
This is the characteristic of China traditional culture and art, and it is also the rhythm and sense of rhythm of China's calligraphy. For example, the beginning, inheritance, transformation and combination of poetry are all "tortuous" from the text content to the level and even the meter.
The same is true of songs, words and songs, full of twists and turns. In calligraphy, this "twists and turns"
In the aesthetic sense, from a point to a word, from a line to an article, all reflect the vivid image of the cycle inside this closed world, especially in brushwork, there is no beauty without rhythm, and there is no beauty without rhythm.
The above is the theory of brushwork. Among the techniques of brush strokes, one must be accurate, that is, the basic brush strokes should be accurate; Second, to be strong means to be strong in writing; Third, to be fluent, that is, to use the pen naturally and not affectedly; Fourth, be vivid, that is, full of change and charm.
Second, the principle of word method.
Font is as neat, symmetrical and balanced as personality. It is beautiful to stretch to the right and shrink to the left, and it is also interesting to put it out and put it in. Stippling echoes feelings and is warm and harmonious when interspersed. Let Huang Jinlv relax, and his thoughts will be corrected, and the book will be refined. The principle of word formation can be discussed from five aspects: up and down, left and right, inside and outside, between strokes and overall form.
(1), the principle of architectural perspective.
It embodies a noble beauty. Tighten up and loosen up, which is a knot principle, such as "high" and "high"
Green ","Settings ",etc. , should be written on tight loose, like "three" again.
In other words, the three horizontal lines are different in length, short on the top and long on the bottom, and different in density. This principle of tightening up and loosening down is a formal beauty borrowed from the ancient pagoda in China, showing a sense of beauty with a stable center of gravity; Secondly, from one point of view, tightening the top and loosening the bottom show a kind of tall and majestic beauty, just like standing in front of a building with more than ten floors and looking up at its building, which is the feeling of tightening the top and loosening the bottom, giving people a lofty aesthetic feeling.
(2) The principle of bending left and extending right.
Show a kind of dynamic beauty. Left-right symmetry is the simplest way to achieve balance, but if it is too symmetrical, it will appear monotonous and dull. So, don't write too symmetrically. Just like people taking pictures, the front image is very dull, unattractive and has no aesthetic feeling at all, so they generally like to take side images. The French sculptor Rodin once said: "Modeling needs to express movement to have life." By the same token, writing should also be written horizontally in order to show a dynamic, vivid and vivid.
Why do you want to fold the left side and extend the right side? Because people always have the habit of scanning from left to right. The words "left fold" and "right stretch" are left forms, which make people's eyes face each other. You know, there is nothing impolite about welcoming guests from behind. Such as "Lai", "Autumn" and "Biao", all of which are left-handed and right-handed and have a dynamic beauty.
(3) Cohesion and abduction, balance and symmetry.
Show a kind of beauty of radiation. The ancients said, "The middle palace converges, while the outer painting stretches."
Octagonal arch center. "Nowadays, many people practice calligraphy with Mi Zige, Jiugongge and Huigongge, which also shows that the distribution of stippling in the center and periphery of words is unequal, and this kind of' gathering and spreading'.
This is a trend of Chinese character structure. This trend shows a theory of balance and symmetry, a beauty of radiation.
Symmetry and balance are the pursuit of beauty by human vision. Visual research shows that the visual cortex of human brain is equivalent to a physical force field, and the distribution of forces contained in it always tends to a most regular, symmetrical and simplified structure, thus achieving visual balance. The cohesion and export-oriented structure of Chinese characters meet the requirements of human visual balance and have a radioactive beauty. Such as "meter", "
Big "and" Jiang "
By analogy, some strokes diverge outward from the center of the word, while others converge outward from the center of the word. This two-way movement shows a radioactive beauty, just like human eyes, strong and radiant.
(4) The stippling echoes and the strokes are orderly. Show a feeling of beauty. Which stroke to write first and which painting to write later is the "order of strokes".
Stroke order is a procedure that people have summarized through long-term practice according to physiological conditions, strokes and word structures. This program is established by convention, or it can be said that it came into being with the time sequence of writing. If you want to know, write from bottom to top and from right to left to see if it is convenient. Writing can only be done from top to bottom, from left to right and from outside to inside. Order of strokes, use "Shun"
For magic. Write smoothly and fluently, and look pleasing to the eye.
Why it looks "pleasing to the eye" is because of "stroke order", which creates a kind of "brush gesture", such as writing "beauty" and "
People, ideas, etc. From the first stroke to the second stroke, from the second stroke to the third stroke, one after another, there is a kind of "gesture", and this kind of "gesture" has a kind of "you call me"
Emotion. If you tell me not to, I am either deaf or heartless. So there is a kind of emotional beauty in the echo of stippling.
(5) Square, golden section principle.
Show a kind of physical beauty. Chinese characters in China are square characters, but the square is called "the most objective basic plane". If all Chinese characters are written as real squares, they will look dull and unattractive. In Chinese characters, there are few real squares. According to statistics, such as "mouth", "back"
There are only forty square characters like Tian. Most of the characters, that is, more than 70% of the glyphs are rectangular. The golden rectangle is the most beautiful shape, that is, the width:
Length =0.6 18. According to statistics, 75% of Mao's seal script is golden. 67% of the small seal characters in Taishan stone carvings are gold characters. 73% of the characters in Preface to Lanting Collection are gold characters. The official script of Yi Ying Bei has a golden section of 60%.
Why is the golden section the most beautiful? Investigate its reason:
A, it is inspired by people's aesthetic experience. 0.6 18 is a wonderful number, which Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, called the proportion of beauty. People's research has proved that the one that conforms to the golden section law in the universe is always the most beautiful. So many daily necessities in life are always designed in the shape of gold, such as paper, books, banknotes, computer screens, TV screens, mobile phones, many household appliances and so on.
B, it is caused by human spirit. The proportion of many parts of the human body itself is this golden ratio. The throat, navel, knee and elbow are the four dividing points of Huang Jinlv. The human body that meets this ratio is the most beautiful body shape. Therefore, when we write, whether it is the regular script of Europe, Yan, Liu and Zhao, or the cursive script, seal script and so on. , is the most beautiful.
Third, the principle of composition.
Writing a word means first, and reality and reality produce nature. Horse racing time is tight, so it should be called black and white. Inherent beauty and beauty, change is unbalanced. The printed article is a little red, and the ink spots are full of paper like clouds.
Calligraphy has three elements: brushwork, calligraphy and composition; Composition also has three elements, namely, style, style and seal. Here we only talk about the overall layout including three elements, not about the specific rules of writing, paragraphs and printing. In my opinion, the basic principles and requirements of composition are: the combination of reality and reality, the connecting link between the preceding and the following, and uneven changes.
(1) The combination of excess and deficiency is the principle of syndrome differentiation.
It shows the beauty of neutralization of traditional art in China. There is a famous saying in the chapter: "Counting white is black". The black one has words, and the white one has no words. But where there is ink, there is text, and where there is no ink, there is text. In other words, the word is true, the word is empty, the black is true and the white is empty. This kind of black and white, solid and virtual, dense and sparse, thick and light, etc. Are pairs of contradictions.
How to deal with these contradictions from the aesthetic point of view, arrange articles, paragraphs and seals well, and handle black and white well, so as to achieve the coexistence of reality and falsehood, is extremely important. If it is too solid, it will appear bloated and clumsy, if it is too empty, it will appear frivolous and weak. Only the combination of reality and reality and dialectical unity can reflect the beauty of neutralization in China's traditional aesthetic concept. Soothing, refreshing and carefree.
(2) In the same strain, the principle of promoting qi first.
Show a sense of rhythm. Calligraphy is produced in chronological order and exists in the form of space. This time series has the characteristics of continuity and uninterrupted. It is called "qi" in calligraphy.
The "stroke order" mentioned above is based on physiological conditions and is also produced by the timing of writing. "stroke order" produces "stroke potential",
Little by little, one by one, come out with time and trend. It is orderly, rhythmic, ups and downs, slow, heavy and rhythmic, and comes down in one continuous line, forming a natural flow trend. It is inevitable to come to the deep stone. This stroke follows the stroke direction and is synchronized with the writer's heart rate and breathing. Therefore, a good calligraphy work must have a rhythmic beauty. Appreciating it is like listening to a touching song. Calligraphy is indeed silent music.
(3) Uneven change is the essence of art.
Show a vivid beauty. Change is a universal law of nature. Everything in the universe is constantly changing. Change leads to development. The history of China's calligraphy is a change.
History, from ancient times to the present, from law to reform, has "three changes" just in cursive script.
Official script became Cao Zhang, regular script became this kind of grass, and this kind of grass became crazy grass. Those who are fickle live, those who change little stay, and those who remain unchanged die. There are different laws in ancient and modern times, and thousands of people are not unified. This is the highest realm of calligraphy art, calligraphy is art, and art cannot be repeated. If it can be repeated, it is a calligraphy.
Huai Su became a "grass saint"
The secret is to change the old into the new, without legal restrictions. Look at Wang Xizhi again. He got rid of Zhang's idea, established a new pattern of cursive script and became a "book saint". His masterpiece "Preface to Lanting" also highlights a "change"
There are all kinds of characters and brushwork, and fonts have all kinds of shapes. There are 54 repeated words in this paper, but their shapes are rich and colorful, such as 20 "Zhi" and 7 "Yi".
The word "bu" is different in brushwork and structure, which is also the most attractive place of Lanting Preface. With changes, calligraphy art will be vivid and vivid calligraphy art will be full of vitality.
The art of calligraphy aims at change and should never be divorced from its sect. First, we can't be divorced from Chinese characters, second, we can't be divorced from writing, fourth, we can't be divorced from the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and fifth, we can't be divorced from the essence of art-beauty. In short, we can't live without the taste of calligraphy.