Gou Jian (about 520 BC - 465 BC), a descendant of Yu the Great. The descendants of Yu's ancestors and the concubine of Emperor Shaokang of the Xia Dynasty were granted the title of "Kaiji" to guard the sacrifices of Yu. After more than twenty lives, as for Yunchang. Gou Jianyun Changzi also. In the 23rd year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty (497 BC), Yunchang passed away and succeeded to the throne as King of Yue. The name is Chanzhi, Goujian and Jiuqian have the same voice. (In 1965, the sword of King Goujian of Yue was unearthed from Chu Tomb No. 1 in Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei. The inscription read: "King of Yue Jiu Qian acts as a sword.") In the 23rd year of King Zhou Jing (497 BC), Ju (Gou) Jian When he ascended the throne, Chu State allied with Yue to control Wu. The conflict between Wu and Yue began, but Yue State was still weak. In the first year of Goujian (496 BC), King Helu of Wu raised an army to attack Yue. Gou Jian led his troops to fight against the attacking Wu army in Yuli (now between Jiaxing and Tongxiang, Zhejiang, south of today's Jiaxing County). He "made the dead soldiers challenge three lines to the Wu formation and commit suicide when they cried out." The criminals in the army lined up and committed suicide. He defeated the Wu army in one fell swoop and wounded the king of Wu. King Helu of Wu was injured and died (see the Battle of Chaoli), which intensified the conflict between Wu and Yue. On his deathbed, King Helu of Wu warned his son Fucha: "You must never Don't forget Yue." After Fu Chai took over the throne, he followed his instructions and worked day and night to retaliate against Vietnam. In the 26th year of King Zhou Jing's 26th year, 494 BC (the first year of Lu Ai), Gou Jian heard that Wu King Fu Chai was training his troops day and night to attack Yue to avenge his father. He planned to attack Wu first, and advocated "before Wu sends troops to attack it". Fan Li admonished: "No. I have heard that soldiers use murderous weapons, and those who fight are against virtue, and those who fight are at the end of things. Conspiracies are contrary to virtue, and it is easy to use murderous weapons. If you try yourself at the end, God forbids it, and it will be detrimental to those who do it." (" "Historical Records: The Family of King Goujian of Yue"), Goujian refused to listen to the dissuasion of the official Fan Li and sent troops to attack Wu. King Wu's husband heard about it and personally led his elite troops to attack Vietnam. The two armies fought in Fujiao (today's Jiaoshan, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). In the end, he was unable to defeat the enemy and was defeated by Fujiao (now Dongting Mountain in the west of Taihu Lake, some say it is north of Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Goujian led 5,000 remaining soldiers and retreated to Kuaiji Mountain (now southeast of Shaoxing). Fu Cha chased and surrounded him. Gou Jian regretted it very much and said to Fan Li: "Why do you do this because you don't listen to me?" ("Historical Records: The Family of King Gou Jian of Yue") In the critical moment, he accepted Fan Li's strategy of seeking compromise and retreating in order to advance, and he treated him with humble words and generous gifts. In order to seek peace, he sent Wen Zhong to seek peace with Wu. At the beginning, King Wu's husband accepted Wu Zixu's advice and refused to accept it. Gou Jian "wanted to kill his wife, burnt the treasures, and died in battle." Wen Zhong advised him and offered the strategy of "bribe Wu Dazai Pei generously with beautiful women and treasures", and asked Fu Chai to become a minister and pay tribute. Finally, Fu Chai agreed to pardon Yue, stopped his troops and returned. Fu Chai did not listen to the advice of Prime Minister Wu Zixu who asked him to resolutely destroy the Yue State. He agreed to Gou Jian's request, but asked Gou Jian and his wife to serve him in the State of Wu. Gou Jian entrusted domestic affairs to Wen Zhong and other ministers, and took his wife and Fan Li to Wu. When the ministers saw that the king was willing to suffer humiliation in order to protect the country, they all cried and promised him that they would govern the country of Yue well, and the people also cried to see him off. In May of the fifth year of Gou Jian's reign (492 BC), he led his wife and minister Fan Li to the state of Wu in person to serve Fu Chai as a hostage in Wu. When they arrived at the capital of Wu, Fu Chai deliberately humiliated him and imprisoned him in a stone chamber. He was asked to live in a small stone hut in front of the Hejian Tomb to guard the tomb and feed the horses. Sometimes when riding out, he was deliberately asked to lead the horse past the Chinese people. Gou Jian endured the humiliation and bore heavy burdens, claiming to be a humble minister. He was extremely respectful to the King of Wu, ate coarse grains, slept in a stable, and performed hard labor. When he is obedient, he raises the horses, and the wife provides water, removes manure, and sweeps. For three years, he has not been sullen or resentful. Better than Fu Chai's servants. When Fu Chai fell ill, Gou Jian went to greet him. He also opened the toilet seat to observe Fu Chai's stool and showed concern for Fu Chai's condition. "Asking about illness and tasting dung" won the favor of King Wu Fu Chai. In the past three years, because Gou Jian served him wholeheartedly, and because Bo Pei often accepted gifts from Wen Zhong sects and said good things to Gou Jian in front of Fu Chai, Fu Chai felt that Gou Jian sincerely surrendered and decided to let Gou Jian, his wife and Fan Li return home. In the seventh year of Goujian's reign (490 BC), Goujian returned to Vietnam. After Goujian returned home, in order to encourage himself not to forget about revenge and avenge, he laid out firewood instead of a mattress when sleeping. A gall was hung in the room and had to be tasted before every meal. This is the origin of the allusion of "sleeping on fuel and tasting courage". He and his wife have always lived a life of poverty, eating no fish and meat, and dressing unmodifiedly. He often went to farm with the people in the fields, and his wife also raised silkworms and weaved cloth by herself. The country of Yue suffered the trauma of war, with its fields deserted, population reduced, and production greatly damaged. In order to make the country prosperous and strong, Gou Jian adopted the strategy of "ten years of gatherings and ten years of lessons" proposed by Fan Li and Wen Zhong. Fan Li was asked to be responsible for training troops, managing state affairs, and implementing policies that allowed the people to recuperate and recuperate. The state rewards farming, sericulture, and weaving. In particular, fertility is encouraged to increase the number of people. It is stipulated that men aged 20 and 17 must get married, otherwise their parents will be punished; older people are not allowed to marry young girls; women must report to the official before giving birth, and the state sends medical officers to check and take care of them; giving birth to a boy is rewarded with a pot of wine and a dog. , a girl is rewarded with a pot of wine and a pig; if the family has two sons, the state is responsible for raising one; if there are three sons, the state is responsible for raising two. From then on, he worked hard, worked hard, and worked hard to enrich the people and rejuvenate the country. Farm your own land and work together with the people; earn a minimum of self-importance; don’t dare to be extravagant when you go out; don’t dare to be extravagant when entering; cultivate your virtues internally and spread the principles externally; enrich your treasury and cultivate your fields; suspend your punishments and reduce your taxes and taxes. ;Reward fertility and train soldiers. Fan Li, the Prime Minister of Naxiang, suggested that he choose a place with four major extensions to build a city and erect an outline in order to become the king. Build small cities first, then big cities. As a result, the people were prosperous, the society was stable, and the scholars and people all wanted to repay Wu's shame. With the profound intention of destroying Wu, with the assistance of Fan Li and Wen Zhong, he worked hard to govern and developed his strength after "ten years of gathering and ten years of lessons".
While the country was rapidly recovering its vitality, Gou Jian also adopted many methods to paralyze the state of Wu. He served Wu respectfully and contributed beautiful women, good games, crafts, and craftsmen to entertain Fu Chai and eliminate his wariness against Vietnam. He also catered to Fu Chai's eagerness to seek hegemony with his elite troops. With the intention of leading Wu north to the Central Plains, it depleted its national and military power. Caused internal strife in Wu. Gou Jian paid tribute to Wu on time every year, making Fu Chai always believe that he was sincerely surrendering. Continue to bribe Wu Dazai Bo Pi. He sent spies to spy on the news about the state of Wu, spread rumors to drive a wedge between the monarch and his ministers, and caused Fu Chai to kill Zhongliang. Gou Jian also borrowed grain from Fu Chai from time to time on the grounds that Yue was encountering disasters, which reduced Wu's grain reserves while Yue's reserves were sufficient. When he found out that Fu Chai was going to build Gusu Terrace, Gou Jian sent people to transport extra large timber, saying it was a "sacred tree." Fu Chai was very happy and expanded the design of Gusu Terrace, which made the state of Wu even more wasteful of people and money. Gou Jian also used a beauty trick to send beautiful women to Fu Chai's Gusu Terrace. One of them was named Xi Shi, who was not only extremely beautiful, but also talented. She was selected by Fan Li on Tuluo Mountain and trained. Fu Cha got Xi Shi and loved him so much that he obeyed her every suggestion. Wu Zixu had long realized that Gou Jian's actions were intended to take revenge. He repeatedly tried to persuade Fu Chai, but not only was he not accepted by Fu Chai, but he also aroused Fu Chai's resentment and suspicion. In 485 BC, Fu Chai went north to conquer Qi in order to strive for hegemony. Wu Zixu disapproved and pointed out that Yue was the most serious problem. Fu Chai refused to listen and continued to attack Qi. He defeated the Qi army in the Battle of Ailing and returned victorious. Fu Chai was very proud. Soon he believed Bo Pu's slander and gave Wu Zixu a sword to commit suicide. Before Wu Zixu died, he said: "I must take it." I set my sights on the east gate of Wu to watch the Yue soldiers enter!" After Wu Zixu died, the King of Wu handed over the political affairs to Bo Pu. Gou Jian learned that Wu Zixu was dead and planned to launch an army to attack Wu. Fan Li thought that the time had not come yet and had to wait. In the spring of 482 BC (the 15th year of Goujian) in the thirty-eighth year of King Zhou Jing, King Wu Fucha led the elite troops from across the country to go north to Huangchi to meet with the princes, leaving only the prince friends and old and weak soldiers to guard the country. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, wanted to take advantage of the emptiness in the country of Wu to send troops to attack Wu. Fan Li believed that the time had not yet come. He analyzed: "The king of Wu led his elite troops to the north to join the alliance. The country was empty, and the prince stayed behind. However, Wu's army was not far out. If I heard that Yue took advantage of the opportunity, he would quickly return to attack me." Therefore, he advised Gou Jian to postpone sending troops. A few months later, it was estimated that the Wu army had arrived at Huangchi, so Gou Jian was urged to send troops to attack Wu. Gou Jian then led an army of 50,000 (forty thousand troops and 6,000 gentlemen) to attack the state of Wu. He ordered Fan Li to lead a division along the Huaihe River to cut off Fu Chai's return route. He then led the main force northward by land to annihilate the Wu defenders and break through Wu. In the capital, the Wu army was defeated, the prince friend was killed, and Gu Xutai was burned. At this time, Fu Chai defeated Qi and made an alliance with Jin, Wei, Lu and other countries in Huangchi (today's west of Fengqiu County, Henan), and became the overlord. After receiving the news, he was very upset and had to send Bo Pi to ask for peace with Yue (see the Battle of Suzhou). Gou Jian and Fan Li believed that Wu still had strength and could not be wiped out for a while, so they agreed to make peace and withdraw their troops and return home. In 478 BC, the 42nd year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty (the 19th year of Gou Jian), Fan Li and Wen Zhong took advantage of the Wu Kingdom's years of famine and severe drought. The warehouses were empty and the people were hungry. They took advantage of the opportunity to eat more on the coast of the East China Sea. They once again proposed Gou Jian took advantage of the opportunity to attack Wu. In the battle at Lize, the Vietnamese army used the tactics of feinting on both wings, breaking through in the center, and continuously attacking to break through the Wu army's river defenses. Taking advantage of the victory, they pursued continuously and captured a large area of ??Wu's land (see the Battle of Lize). They won three out of three battles. The defeat of the Wu army at Lize (now south of Suzhou) fundamentally changed the balance of power between Wu and Yue. In the 21st year of Goujian's reign, he attacked Wu again. Starting from the first year of King Zhou Yuan (475 BC), he implemented a three-year siege on Wu, the capital of Wu (also known as Gusu, today's Suzhou, Jiangsu). King Wu Fuchai was besieged by the Vietnamese army for a long time. Unable to support his strength, he sent Wang Sunluo to go to Gou Jian with his clothes bare and his knees bare to seek peace. Gou Jian couldn't bear it and was about to agree when Fan Li stepped forward and said, "Your Majesty, you have endured humiliation and suffering for more than 20 years. Why? Can you abandon your past achievements now?" He turned around and refused Wang Sunluo, saying: "In the past, God gave Yue to Wu. Kingdom, you will not accept it; today is a gift from heaven to Wu, and we dare not go against the will of heaven and obey your request." Wang Sunluo still begged, but Fan Li resolutely sounded the drum and marched forward. Seeing that the situation was over, King Wu's husband committed suicide and died. When he was dying, he said: "I have no face to see Zixu!" Gou Jian buried the king of Wu and executed Bo Pe, the chief minister. Finally, in the twenty-fourth year of Goujian (473 BC), Wu Xueshi was destroyed in one fell swoop. Then he took advantage of the victory and led his troops to cross the Huai River north, and met with the Qi, Jin and other princes of the Central Plains in Xuzhou (now south of Teng County, Shandong) to pay tribute to King Zhou Yuan. King Zhou Yuan ordered his envoys to give Gou Jian Xun (bringing sacrificial meat), and named Gou Jian "Hou Bo", the title of Duke of Jin Dynasty. From then on, the Vietnamese army rampaged across the Jianghuai area, and all the princes came to congratulate him, and Gou Jian's hegemony was completed. So he moved his capital to Langya and dominated the Central Plains. He is one of the overlords of the Spring and Autumn Period. After Gou Jian's death, his son Wang Yi stood up. About Yue King Goujian Sword: Yue King Goujian had a unique weapon - Yue King Goujian Sword. This sword is cold and extremely sharp. After more than 2,400 years, the decoration is still clear and exquisite. In addition, "things are named after people", this sword is praised by the people of the world as "the best sword in the world". The Goujian Sword of Yue King was unearthed in Tomb No. 1 of Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei Province in 1965. It is well preserved. The sword is 55.7 centimeters long. It shone with cold light when it was unearthed, and the blade is still very sharp. The sword body is covered with black diamond patterns, the decoration is exquisite, and the smallest part of the carving is only 0.1 mm. There are two lines of bird seal inscriptions near the sword grid: "The king of Yue Jiu Qian (Gou Jian) ??since the beginning (effect) (sword)" eight characters. The hilt and grid of the sword are jet black, and the two sides of the sword grid are cast with patterns and inlaid with blue glass and turquoise respectively. The sword head is rolled outwards into a hoop shape, and 11 concentric circles with a width of less than 1 mm are cast inside. The sword of King Goujian of Yue is exquisitely crafted, showing the outstanding skills of the swordsmith, and can be called a national treasure of our country.