Water pollution prevention and control: In a broad sense, the water pollution prevention and control law refers to the general name of various laws and regulations and related legal norms formulated by the state to prevent and control water environment pollution. In a narrow sense, water pollution prevention and control law refers to the general term for laws and regulations and related legal norms formulated by the state to prevent land water (excluding ocean) pollution. The history of water pollution prevention and control laws can be traced back to the 19th century. The United Kingdom enacted the "River Pollution Prevention and Control Act" in 1876, and Japan enacted the "River Law" in 1896. After the 1950s, many countries have strengthened their legislation on water pollution prevention and control and formulated relatively complete water pollution prevention and control laws, such as Japan's Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act, the United States' Water Purification Act, and so on. In the 1950s, my country began to pay attention to the prevention and control of water pollution. For example, in 1959, the "Hygienic Regulations for Drinking Water" were formulated. After the 1970s, water pollution prevention and control legislation was further strengthened, including the "Several Provisions on Protecting and Improving the Environment (Trial Draft)", the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Trial)" and the "People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law (Trial)". Laws and regulations such as the Environmental Protection Law have stipulated the protection of the water environment. In May 1984, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China". After that, the State Council and its relevant departments and local governments formulated the "Implementation Rules of the Water Pollution Prevention Law" and the "Drinking Water Source Protection Area". "Pollution Prevention and Control Management Regulations", as well as a series of water quality standards, water pollution discharge standards and local water pollution prevention and control regulations, have initially formed a system of water pollution laws in my country. The Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law aims to protect surface water and groundwater from pollution by establishing an effective supervision and management system and strengthening control over the discharge of various pollutants.
The 22nd is the 13th "World Water Day" and the 18th "China Water Week". Lu Ming, deputy chairman of the National People's Congress Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee, said here that monitoring in January 2005 showed that 28.4% of the seven major river systems, including the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Huaihe River, had water quality worse than Class V. Water pollution has shown a trend of extending from tributaries to main trunks, spreading from cities to rural areas, infiltrating from surface water to groundwater, and developing from land to sea. According to the national standards for surface water, water quality is divided into five categories. The higher the category, the worse the water quality. The pollution level of inferior Class V water has exceeded Class V. Monitoring of 175 rivers and 345 sections in seven major river systems in January 2005 showed that 46.7% of the water quality standards were Class I to Class III, of which Class I accounted for 9.0%, Class II accounted for 17.7%, and Class III water quality accounted for 46.7%. Accounting for 20.0%; water quality of Class IV to Class V accounts for 24.9%, of which Class IV accounts for 16.2%, Class V accounts for 8.7%; water quality worse than Class V accounts for 28.4%. The main pollution indicators of the seven major water systems are permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and petroleum. The order from light to heavy pollution is: Pearl River, Yangtze River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Liaohe River and Haihe River. Lu Ming said that an evaluation of 52 major lakes across the country during the same period showed that 5 were polluted and 26 were seriously polluted. 75% of lakes are suffering from eutrophication to varying degrees, with Dianchi Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake being the most serious. The water quality of Dianchi Lake is Category V, accounting for 69%, and the water quality of Dianchi Lake is worse than Category V, accounting for 31%. Algae blooms occurred in many lakes. Statistics show that in 2003, my country's total wastewater discharge nationwide was 68 billion tons (2/3 was industrial wastewater and 1/3 was domestic sewage), which was twice the amount in 1980. About 1/3 of industrial wastewater and 2/3 of domestic sewage are discharged into the water without treatment. The extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farmland has also aggravated the pollution of the water environment. "my country's drinking water safety is facing a serious threat, and the basic factor endangering drinking water safety is water pollution." Lu Ming emphasized that the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta have experienced water quality-related water shortages caused by water pollution. 25% of the country's groundwater bodies are polluted, 35% of the groundwater sources are substandard, and about 54% of the groundwater in plain areas does not meet domestic water quality standards. (Yao Runfeng) State Environmental Protection Administration: Five major measures to ensure water environment safety Water shortage and water pollution have become bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of my country's economy and society. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, said here on the 21st that the water crisis will always be a close threat to national security. To fundamentally solve the water environment safety problem, we must accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure and establish a water-saving and environmentally-protective national economy. economic system. Pan Yue said in an interview with reporters that there are three main reasons for the current serious situation of water pollution across the country. First, due to the lack of fundamental change in the extensive economic growth model, large amounts of pollutants are discharged, which greatly exceeds the capacity of the water environment. The second is the lack of ecological water. At present, the water resources development and utilization rate of the Yellow River, Haihe and Huaihe Rivers all exceed 50%, of which the Haihe River is as high as 95%, exceeding the internationally recognized reasonable limit of 40%, seriously consuming ecological water. Third, the legislation on water pollution prevention and control is not sound enough, the penalties are small, the law enforcement is not strong enough, and the cadres and the masses have low environmental awareness and law-abiding awareness. “50% of the drinking water in a certain area is taken from the Yangtze River, and 468 types of pollutants were detected from 11 drinking water sources, including 210 types of organic poisons, and even teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic persistent organic pollutants were detected. Drinking Polluted water has caused an increase in the incidence of tumors, cancers and other diseases. "Pan Yue said that "strong medicine" is needed to control pollution, and the country will strengthen water environment protection and ensure water safety in five aspects. Prioritize protecting the water quality of drinking water sources.
Focus on delineating urban and rural drinking water sources, organize and formulate national urban and rural water source protection plans, especially accelerate the delineation of concentrated water sources in rural areas, prevent and control water sources polluted by township enterprises and agricultural non-point sources . Strictly restrict various development activities within water source protection areas. In first-level protected areas, all sewage discharges and tourism and aquaculture activities that have an impact on water sources should be prohibited. Improve the level of water pollution prevention and control and promote water pollution prevention and control in key river basins. Implement a total pollutant discharge control system, implement pollutant discharge permits in accordance with the law, and seriously investigate and deal with illegal activities such as exceeding standards and exceeding the total amount of pollutants. We will strengthen comprehensive improvement of the rural environment and strictly maintain and strive to improve the quality of rural drinking water sources. Accelerate the revision of the "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law" to fundamentally solve the problems of low cost of breaking the law, high cost of complying with the law, and high cost of law enforcement. Implement ecosystem management to revitalize the river of life. Dam construction is directly related to the safety of the water environment. River basin development planning and dam construction must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system, analyze the pros and cons, and resolutely not allow projects that seriously affect the safety of the water environment. Those that can be constructed after environmental impact assessment must strictly follow the environmental impact assessment requirements and implement environmental protection measures. We will intensify environmental law enforcement and resolutely punish all types of illegal pollution discharges. Continue to carry out actions to clean up and rectify illegal pollutant discharge enterprises and protect people's health and environmental protection. Concentrate efforts on investigating and punishing illegal pollutant discharge activities by small papermaking, small brewing, small chemical industry, small printing and dyeing, large-scale livestock and poultry breeding plants and urban sewage treatment plants, focusing on solving long-standing and difficult problems that have been strongly reported by the masses. We will do a good job in disclosing water environment quality information and implement the people's right to know about the environment. For major river basin development plans and major water-related projects, hearings must be held to extensively solicit the opinions of the people, implement the people's right to environmental supervision, and resolutely safeguard the people's environmental rights and interests. (Yao Runfeng) China is highly concerned about the drinking water safety of 300 million farmers. March 22 is the first day of the 13th "World Water Day" and the 18th "China Water Week". In an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency reporters on the 21st, Wang Shucheng, Minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, emphasized that more than 300 million people in rural China currently have unsafe drinking water. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of urban and rural pollution sources and make ensuring drinking water safety and safeguarding people's lives and health the top priority of water conservancy work. . Since China launched the rural drinking water poverty alleviation project in 2000, more than 18 billion yuan has been invested by national debt funds, local government matching funds and the masses' self-raised funds, which has helped more than 57 million rural people say goodbye to drinking water difficulties. "After the drinking water problem is solved, the higher-level drinking water safety issue that farmers urgently demand is now before us," Wang Shucheng said. He pointed out that we must be clearly aware that the current drinking water safety situation in China is very serious. According to surveys, drinking water in some areas of China has serious substandard water quality, low water supply guarantee rate, and endemic water quality problems. More than 300 million people in rural areas have unsafe drinking water. , a considerable number of urban water sources are seriously polluted, threatening people's lives and health. At this stage, the harm to human life caused by drinking water quality problems in China every year is actually higher than the casualties caused by floods. Wang Shucheng said that unsafe drinking water has led to a significant increase in the incidence of serious water-borne endemic diseases in recent years. Currently, more than 63 million people in North China, Northwest China, Northeast China and the Huanghuaihai Plain have drinking water with fluoride content that exceeds the sanitary standards for drinking water, causing hunchbacks. disease, osteoporosis, bone deformation, or even paralysis and loss of working ability. Wang Shucheng emphasized that the theme of this year's "China Water Week" publicity activity is "ensuring drinking water safety and safeguarding life and health." This theme must be regarded as the primary task of water conservancy work in the future period, not only to allow farmers to drink water, but also to allow them to drink safe water and high-quality water. He said that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China will focus on solving the problems of high fluoride water, high arsenic water, brackish water, polluted water and other drinking water quality problems that do not meet standards, as well as serious shortage of drinking water supply in some areas. By 2010, Reduce the proportion of people who cannot access or afford safe drinking water by one third. By 2020, drinking water for urban and rural residents will be safe or basically safe. In 2005, the Ministry of Water Resources will organize the formulation of the National Urban and Rural Drinking Water Safety Construction Plan, conduct a survey on drinking water safety issues, and formulate key points and implementation plans for the construction of rural drinking water safety projects. (Yao Runfeng) Expert comments: Ensuring drinking water safety is the primary task of my country's water conservancy work. Water is the source of life. The theme of the 13th World Water Day on March 22 this year is "Water of Life". According to experts from the Ministry of Water Resources of China, in order to protect the drinking water sources of our populous country, the Ministry of Water Resources of China is taking a series of measures to ensure that the people can drink safe water. A United Nations survey shows that the world discharges more than 400 billion tons of sewage every year, causing more than 5 trillion tons of water to be polluted, causing millions of people to die from diseases caused by unclean drinking water. Information provided by China's Ministry of Water Resources shows that more than 300 million people in my country have unsafe drinking water, and problems such as water-borne endemic diseases, drinking water source pollution, schistosomiasis, and seasonal water shortages in some areas still exist in some areas. Experts from the Ministry of Water Resources told Xinhua News Agency reporters that in order to ensure the safety of drinking water and safeguard the lives and health of the people as the primary task of my country's water conservancy work, in the past five years, the state government has allocated 9.8 billion yuan in national debt funds, plus various With a total investment of about 18 billion yuan, supporting funds from local governments at the local level and self-raised by the masses, more than 800,000 rural drinking water projects of various types have been completed, eliminating the difficulty of drinking water for more than 57 million rural people. At the same time, in order to further solve problems related to drinking water safety, the Ministry of Water Resources is focusing on four tasks.
The first is to further understand the current situation of drinking water safety and make a plan for drinking water safety construction. To this end, the Ministry of Water Resources is organizing the preparation of the "National Urban and Rural Drinking Water Safety Construction Plan" and conducting an in-depth survey on drinking water safety issues based on the results of the national water resources survey and evaluation. The second is to increase investment in drinking water safety projects. Experts from the Ministry of Water Resources pointed out that for the construction of drinking water projects in poor areas, government subsidies should be the main method, supplemented by self-financing by the masses; for the construction of drinking water projects in economically developed areas, the funds required for the construction of drinking water projects should be raised by the government, beneficiary people, the market and other channels. ; Preferential policies should be implemented for land, electricity, taxes, etc. in the construction and operation of drinking water projects. The third is to make overall plans and do a good job in building drinking water safety. To this end, relevant departments must delineate drinking water source protection areas and water supply project management and protection scopes in accordance with the law, formulate relevant measures to prevent water sources from being polluted and man-made damage; and rationally select the type of drinking water projects based on the natural and economic conditions and social development status of various places. , scale and standards; strengthen water quality inspection and monitoring, and improve the drinking water safety monitoring system. Fourth, deepen reforms and continuously improve the drinking water project management system and operating mechanism. With the goal of ensuring drinking water safety and the purpose of providing high-quality water supply services, we should establish a management system and operating mechanism that adapts to the requirements of the socialist market economic system, is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties, and is conducive to the sustainable utilization of the project.