Description of species: bees are completely abnormal insects, and their individual development has to go through eggs and larvae all their lives. Pupa and adult four stages. Bees are social insects. A normal bee colony consists of a queen bee, tens of thousands of worker bees and hundreds of drones cultivated during the breeding period. Live in the same nest. They have obvious differences in morphology, physiology and function, and have a strict and clear division of labor.
1, queen bee.
Queen bee, also known as queen bee, is large and well developed, specializing in fertility and spawning; The only function of drones is to mate with the queen bee, reproduce and die after mating.
2. worker bees.
In the bee colony, the number accounts for the vast majority of the bee colony. Worker bees are female bees with incomplete reproductive organs and have no reproductive ability. Small individuals, their function is to collect pollen, nectar, make honey, feed larvae and queen bees, and undertake the work of nesting, cleaning the hive, adjusting the temperature and humidity in the nest and resisting enemies.
The head of the worker bee is triangular, with 1 pair of developed compound eyes and three single eyes. It can detect the honey source, identify the nest and find the way, fly far when going out to collect honey, and return to the nest accurately. Worker bees have a keen sense of smell, can detect distant flowers, find honey sources and distinguish smells, and have developed mouthparts, which are suitable for chewing and sucking nectar. A kind of bee milk secreted by the pharyngeal gland, which is used to feed the queen bee. There are wax glands in the abdomen, which can secrete flowers and provide nesting. There are poisonous glands and stingers at the end of abdomen, which release bee venom when stinging; There are three pairs of feet, and there are special structures in femoral joint, tibial joint and tarsal joint for collecting pollen.
When the queen bee is sexually mature, she usually flies out of the nest in sunny and calm weather and mates with several drones when flying in the air. After that, they don't mate for life, and a large number of sperm have been stored in their seminal vesicles, which can be used for laying eggs and fertilization for life. 2 ~ 3 days after mating, they began to lay eggs in the nest room. A high-yield queen bee can lay 1500 ~ 2000 eggs in a short time. Eggs hatch into larvae after 3 ~ 4 days of embryo development, mature after a few days, and then emerge into adults after pre-pupation and pupation 1 1 ~ 12 days.
The eggs laid by the queen bee are divided into unfertilized eggs and fertilized eggs, and the unfertilized eggs develop into drones; Fertilized eggs develop into worker bees; If the fertilized egg is placed in a wide conical base with its mouth facing down and specially fed with nutritious bee milk, it will grow into a queen bee.
How many bees can be collected to brew 1kg honey a day?
People often say "hardworking bees", which is no exaggeration. In sunny weather, bees are always busy in the wild. A bee needs to collect about 1000 flowers to fill its fruit. When the crop is full, it will go home and empty it, and the bees will collect new pollen. It flies 10 times a day. To brew 1 kg honey, it takes about 60,000 bees to collect it all day.
Bee stings can only be used once in a lifetime.
Bees sting people with needles to protect the interests of bees, but it will not bring any benefits to individual bees. After the sting, the sting remained in the victim's body. Because of the loss of the sting, the bee's body has been seriously damaged and will soon die. It can be said that the bee sacrificed its life for its collective. Bees certainly can't think, but when they are in danger, they will instinctively tell them to use thorns. If bees are allowed to live a quiet life, there is no doubt that they are only willing to make honey rather than fight. For a single bee, stinging means the end of life, but for the whole bee colony, it has gained the greatest benefit: other animals realize that honey is delicious, but it is better to stay away from bees.
Can humans understand the language of bees?
Biologist Karl von Frisch studies the language of bees. He asked his assistant to put a honey dish somewhere nearby, while he stayed by the hive. Soon, a bee found the honey dish, flew back to the hive and began to describe her findings to her companions in its dance language. Scientists observed it carefully and made a lot of records. After repeated experiments, scientists finally understood the significance of various dance forms of bees and decoded the dance language of bees. Studies have proved that the description of food distance in the dance language of bees can even be accurate to the meter.
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How many kinds of bees are there? What kinds are there?
How big is the biggest one?
How big is the largest hive?
What is a wasp?
Taxonomically speaking, there is only one kind of bee, the scientific name is bee, others are Lepidoptera, China wasp, Trichogramma and so on.
The largest bee is more than 2 cm long, while the long-legged wasp, such as 18 ~ 23 mm long, is larger than the whole bee. Black-tailed wasp 25-33mm.
My impression is that the largest beehive is two meters high and one meter in diameter. But I'm not sure about this. And it doesn't seem to be a bee's nest.
Bumblebee is the common name of wasp.
bee
Bees belong to Hymenoptera and Apiidae. Body length is 8-20 mm, tan or dark brown, with thick hair. The head is almost as wide as the chest. The antenna is knee-shaped, the compound eye is oval and hairy, the mouthparts are chewing and sucking, and the hind feet are powder-carrying feet. Two pairs of membrane wings; The front wing is big, the rear wing is small, and the front and rear wings are connected by wing hooks. The abdomen is nearly oval, with less body hair than the chest and claws at the end of the abdomen. Bees are completely metamorphosed and go through four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult.
In the bee society, they still live a matriarchal clan life. Among the members of their big family, there is a queen bee (queen bee), a female bee with reproductive ability, responsible for laying eggs and reproducing, and at the same time "ruling" this big family. Although the queen bee has mated, her eggs are not all fertilized. It can give birth to fertilized eggs and develop into female bees (sterile worker bees) according to the needs of large families; You can also have a fertilized egg and develop it into a drone later. When the extended family members of this group multiply too much, resulting in crowding, they should be grouped. The process of grouping is as follows: worker bees make a special hive-Wangtai, where queen bees give birth to fertilized eggs; After the larvae hatch, worker bees give them special treatment and feed them with highly nutritious royal jelly made in their bodies. After the larva develops into an adult, it becomes a new queen bee with reproductive ability. The new queen bee leads some worker bees to fly to form a new bee colony. Oriental bee. Both China bees and Italian bees are beneficial insects, and they are widely raised. In the process of reproduction, the new queen bee will be artificially grouped after birth, otherwise a queen bee will lead a group of worker bees to leave the hive and fly away, thus losing the colony. Beekeepers artificially produce royal jelly. In fact, they artificially made some queen bee platforms and put them in beehives for the queen bee to lay eggs. When the larvae hatch, the worker bees feed them royal jelly, and the beekeeper will take it out. In fact, beekeepers use deception, which shows that even smart bees are sometimes deceived.
There are many drones, and a group may be nearly a thousand. The only duty of the drone is to mate with the queen bee. When mating, the queen bee flies out of the nest, and the whole group of drones chases after it. It's called marital escape. The queen bee's marriage and mate selection are carried out through flight competitions, and only the winner can become a spouse. After mating, the drone's genitals fall off in the queen's genitals. At this time, the drone has completed its lifelong mission and died. When the males who failed to mate with the queen bee returned to the nest, they only ate and drank, and could not collect honey, becoming redundant idlers in the colony. After a long time, Feng Gong will deport them. Beekeepers don't want to keep too many drones in the bee colony and consume honey, so they are artificially eliminated. From this perspective,
Worker bees are the largest in this group. The number of worker bees kept by beekeepers in a colony varies with seasons, generally 2 1500 worker bees. Worker bees are the most industrious. The song "Little bees are busy all day, picking flowers and making honey" only refers to worker bees. In addition to collecting powder to make honey, building nests, feeding larvae, cleaning the environment and defending bees. It is also the task of worker bees. From spring to late autumn, bees are busy every day during flowering. Winter is the only short leisure time for bees. However, the cold weather and the low temperature in the hive are not good for bees, because bees are warm animals, and their body temperature changes with the temperature of the surrounding environment. The clever little bee came up with a special way to resist the cold. When the temperature in the hive is as low as 65438 03℃, they are close to each other in the hive and form spherical clusters. The lower the temperature, the closer the colony is, which reduces the surface area and increases the density of bee colony to prevent excessive cooling. According to the measurement, in the coldest time, the temperature in the bee ball can still be maintained at around 24℃. At the same time, they also use more honey and exercise to generate heat to raise the temperature in the nest. In cold weather, the surface temperature of the bee ball is lower than the center of the ball. At this time, the bees on the surface of the good ball drill into the center of the ball, while the bees in the center of the ball move outward. They took care of each other, changed places repeatedly and spent the cold winter. How do they eat honey stored in beehives during wintering and balling? Smart bees have their own tricks. They don't need to break up the spheres and climb out to eat separately, but pass them on to each other to get food. In this way, the temperature in the ball can be kept constant or changed little, which is conducive to safe wintering.
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Hymenoptera has obvious characteristics, including chewing mouthparts, and the connection between the front and rear wings is completed by wing hooks. This group is widely distributed, with more than 100000 known species, and it is estimated that there are at least 250000 species, including various ants and bees. According to whether the ventral floor contracts, it can be divided into broad-waist suborder and thin-waist suborder. Lepidoptera (Tenebrionidae) is a lower phytophagous group, including sawflies, tree bees, stem bees and so on. LEPIDOPTERA (Conecta: Trichogrammatidae, Trichogrammatidae, Aphidae)
Needle tail: Vespidae, Formicidae) includes most species of Hymenoptera, including ants, wasps and various parasitic bees.
Hymenoptera includes all kinds of bees and ants. Their common feature is that they have two pairs of membranous wings and their mouthparts are chewy. The first abdominal segment of the abdomen merges into the posterior chest, which is called thoracoabdominal segment. The contraction of the second abdominal segment into "waist" is called abdominal stalk. Female insects have needle-like ovipositors, and some species have the ability to sting, which belongs to complete metamorphosis. Hymenoptera is divided into two suborders.
(1) The abdomen of the honeybee of the suborder Polygrass will not shrink into the waist. The hind wing has three basal chambers, all of which are herbivorous species.
1, Tenebrionidae: Tenebrionidae is short and thick, with a deep concave front and rear edge. There is a thick wing mole on the front wing, and the female insect has a serrated ovipositor. Sawfly larvae are very similar to LEPIDOPTERA larvae, but they have no toe hooks on their ventral feet, such as wheat sawfly and rose sawfly.
(2) The abdomen and chest of the suborder Lepidoptera, Agkistrodon, contract into a waist shape. The hind wings have at most two basal chambers, most of which are parasitic species, and many of them are social insects. This suborder is divided into two groups: needle tail and cone tail.
A, the cone-tailed bee (Terebrantia), whose web at the ventral end splits longitudinally from the middle, and whose ovipositor extends from the longitudinal split in front of the ventral end, without stinging and stinging. Cone tail is mostly some kinds of endoparasites, and the common ones are the following families.
2. Agonidae: Agonidae is a small to large bee with a slender body. Their antennae are filiform, with obvious pterygoid nevus on the anterior wing and a transverse vein on the pterygoid surface, which is called the second gyrus below the pterygoid chamber. Larvae are parasitic bees of other insects.
3. Braconidae: The body of the undergraduate insect is small, which is very similar to that of Braconidae, but there is no second vein in the front wing. Larvae are also parasitic bees of other insects, such as rice leaf roller, velvet cocoon bee and so on.
4. Burrillidae: Bees are small bees, usually black. The antenna is knee-shaped and divided into five parts: stem, stem, link, 7-node cable and extension rod. The pterygoid vein degenerates and the pterygoid nevus is very small. The hind leg joint is enlarged and the tibial joint is bent. A wasp parasitic in the body, whose larvae are larvae or pupae of other insects.
5. Trichogrammatidae: The body of the undergraduate insect is very small, less than 65438 0 mm.. Antennas are knee-shaped, compound eyes are mostly red, veins of two pairs of wings are degenerated, and there are rows of cilia on the wing surface, so Trichogrammaceae was once called Trichogrammaceae. Larvae, which lives in the eggs of other insects, is a kind of parasitic bee, which can be artificially propagated in large quantities and is widely used to control many pests in agricultural and forestry production.
6. cynipidae: Gall bee is a kind of small bee, black or dark brown, with filiform antennae, small head, simple front wing vein and wingless nevus. The abdomen is spherical, and the ovipositor protrudes from the middle of the abdomen. Larvae are mostly phytophagous, boring and living in the leaves and stems of plants, forming galls. For example, chestnut gall bees.
B, the needle-tailed bee (Aculeata), the web at the end of the abdomen did not split longitudinally, and the ovipositor extended from the end, and the ovipositor specialized into a stinger, which usually shrank in the body and did not fall out. This part is mostly predatory or ectoparasitic insects, and the common ones are the following families.
7. Vespidae: undergraduate bees, usually called wasps or wasps, are medium to large in size, with smooth body surface and colored spots. Taste is well developed. Wings are long and narrow, and they fold vertically when they are at rest. The abdomen generally does not contract, showing a handle shape. Wasps have simple social organizations, including queen bees, drones and worker bees. It often builds a paper bell-shaped or layered hive and lives collectively on it. Adult bees mainly prey on LEPIDOPTERA insects, so they are also important natural enemies.
8. Apiidae: The mud bee, also known as the thin waist bee, is an important feature. Mud bees are slender, usually black with yellow, orange or red stripes. The feet are slender and the front feet are suitable for digging. Mud bees use earth to make an earth room on the corner, eaves, rocks and earth walls. Adults catch LEPIDOPTERA larvae or ORTHOPTERA insects, anesthetize them with thorns, and then seal them in a soil room for future generations to eat instead. Therefore, they are also a natural enemy insect.
9. Scolopendra: The bees of the undergraduate course are stout, with fine hair, black and white, yellow and red stripes. The head is narrower than the chest, the antenna is short, the foot is short and thick, the pterygoid veins of the wing can not reach the pterygoid end, and there are very thin longitudinal lines where there are no pterygoid veins. Ground bees are the parasitic natural enemies of grubs, which are the larvae of scarabs. There are common black soil bees.
In addition to the above-mentioned families, Hymenoptera often encounters various ants of Formicidae, bees of Apidae, bumblebees of Xiong Ke, etc. Some of these insects have long been used by human beings, such as bees, and some are gradually being recognized and benefited by human beings, such as using ants to control forest pests.
Identification features:
Chewing mouthparts; 2 pairs of membrane wings, extending backward and folding.
There are 80 families 1 12000 species in two suborders (broadwaist suborder and narrow waist suborder), and it is estimated that there are at least 250,000 species. Most of them are predatory or parasitic, and they are important heaven and earth and pollinators. Only a few of them are herbivores.
Economically, this order insect is one of the most beneficial insect groups seen by human beings at present.
Insects of this order show great diversity in habits, among which ants and bees occupy two seats in the three social insects. Among ants and bees, the complexity of their social behavior is shocking.