Taizu of the Song Dynasty
Kuang Yin:
960 AD: Gengshen, the first year of Jianlong, Liao Muzong Yelujing Yingli for ten years, Emperor Gong of the Later Zhou Dynasty Chai Zongxun Xian The seventh year of De
AD 963: Guihai, the fourth year of Jianlong, the first year of Qiande, Jingnan was destroyed in the Northern Song Dynasty
AD 965: Yichou, the third year of Qiande. The Northern Song Dynasty destroyed Hou Shu
968 AD: Wuchen, the sixth year of Qiande, the first year of Kaibao
969 AD: Jisi, the second year of Kaibao, Yelujing, Muzong of Liao Dynasty In the 19th year of Yingli, the first year of Liao Jingzong Yelu Xian Baoning
971 AD: Xinwei, the fourth year of Kaibao, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty
975 AD: Yihai , the eighth year of Kaibao, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang
976 AD: Bingzi, the ninth year of Kaibao, Song Taizong Zhao Jiong changed it to the first year of Taiping and Xingguo
Song Taizong
p>Jiong (Zhao Kuangyi):
976 AD: Bingzi, the first year of Taiping and Xingguo, the ninth year of Kaibao
978 AD: Wuyin, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo In 979 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed Wu and Yue
979 AD: Ji Mao, four years of peace and rejuvenation, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were comprehensively completed.
AD 983: Guiwei, the eighth year of Taiping and Xingguo, the fifth year of Emperor Jingzong of Liao Dynasty Yelu Xian and the first year of Emperor Qianheng of Emperor Jingzong of Liao Dynasty, and the first year of Emperor Yelulong of Liao Emperor Xutonghe
984 AD: A Shen, the ninth year of Taiping and Xingguo, the first year of Yongxi
988 AD: Wuzi, the first year of Duangong
990 AD: Gengyin, the first year of Chunhua
995 AD: Yiwei, the first year of Daoism
Song Zhenzong
Heng:
998 AD: Wuxu, the first year of Xianping
1004 AD: Jiachen, the first year of Jingde
1008 AD: Wushen, the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu
1017 AD: Dingsi, Tianxi The first year
1022 AD: Renxu, the first year of Qianxing
Song Renzong
Zhen:
1023 AD: Gui Hai, the first year of Tiansheng
AD 1031: Xinwei, the ninth year of Tiansheng, the eleventh year of Taiping of Yelu Longxu of Liao Shengzong, and the first year of Zhenjingfu of Liao Xingzong of Yelvzong
1032 AD: Renshen, the tenth year of Tiansheng, the first year of Mingdao
1038 AD: Wuyin, the fifth year of Jingyou, the first year of Baoyuan
1040 AD: Gengchen, the third year of Baoyuan, the first year of Kangding
1041 AD: Xinsi, the second year of Kangding, the first year of Qingli
1049 AD: Ji Chou, the first year of Huangyou
AD 1054: Jiawu, the sixth year of Huangyou, the first year of Zhihe
AD 1055: Yiwei, the second year of Zhihe, the twenty-fourth year of Liao Xingzong Yelu Zongzhen Zhenzhongxi Year, the first year of Qingning, Yeluhongji, Daozong of Liao Dynasty
1056 AD: Bingshen, the third year of Zhihe, the first year of Jiayou
Yingzong of Song Dynasty
Sh :
1064 AD: Jiachen, the first year of Zhiping
Song Shenzong
Xu:
1068 AD: Wushen, The first year of Xining
1078 AD: Wuwu, the first year of Yuanfeng
Zhezong of Song Dynasty
Xu:
1086 AD : Bingyin, the first year of Yuanyou
1094 AD: Jiaxu, the ninth year of Yuanyou, the first year of Shaosheng
1098 AD: Wuyin, the fifth year of Shaosheng, The first year of Yuanfu
Huizong of the Song Dynasty
佶:
1101 AD: Xinsi, the first year of Jingguo's founding, the seventh year of Emperor Daozong of the Liao Dynasty Yelu Hongji Shouchang Year 1102: Renwu, the first year of Chongning
1107 AD: Dinghai, the first year of Daguan
>1111 AD: Xinmao, the first year of Zhenghe
1115 AD: Yiwei, the fifth year of Zhenghe, the first year of Jin Taizu Wanyanmin's reunification of the country, Wanyanmin was Wanyan Aguda, established Kingdom of Jin.
AD 1117: Ding You, the seventh year of Zhenghe, the third year of Jin Taizu Wanyanmin's resumption of the country, the first year of Tianfu
AD 1118: Wuxu, the eighth year of Zhenghe, the first year of Zhonghe Year
1119 AD: Jihai, the second year of Chonghe, the first year of Xuanhe
1123 AD: Guimao, the fifth year of Xuanhe, the seventh year of Jin Taizu Wanyanmin Tianfu , the first year of Jin Taizong's Wanyan Sheng Tianhui
1125 AD: Yisi, the seventh year of Xuanhe, the fifth year of Liao Tianzuo Emperor Yelu Yanxi Baoda, the third year of Jin Taizong's Wanyan Sheng Tianhui , Emperor Tianzuo was captured by the Jin soldiers, and Daliao fell.
Song Qinzong
Huan:
1126 AD: Bingwu, the first year of Jingkang
1127 AD: Dingwei, the second year of Jingkang In the first year of Jin Taizong Wanyan Sheng Tianhui's reign, the Jin Kingdom perished in the Northern Song Dynasty and captured Song Qinzong Zhao Huan and Song Huizong Zhao Ji who had abdicated.
Southern Song Dynasty: (1127~1279 AD)
Song Gaozong
Construction:
1127 AD: Ding Wei, Jian Yanyuan Year 1131, 1131 AD: Xinhai, the first year of Shaoxing
1136 AD: Bingchen, In the sixth year of Shaoxing, the 14th year of Jin Xizong's Wanyan Dantianhui, the reign name of Jin Taizong Wanyansheng was used.
1149 AD: Jisi, the 19th year of Shaoxing, the first year of Jin Dynasty Hailing King Wanyan Liangtiande , the ninth year of Emperor Xizong’s reign in Jin Dynasty
1161 AD: Xinsi, the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, the first year of Jin Shizong’s reign in Yanyong and Dading, and the sixth year of King Hailing of Jin Kingdom Wanyan Liangzhenglong
Song Xiaozong
昘 (pronounced "Shen")
1163 AD: Guiwei, the first year of Longxing
1165 AD: Yiyou, The first year of Qiandao
1174 AD: Jiawu, the first year of Chunxi
Song Guangzong
Dun:
1190 AD: Geng Xu, the first year of Shaoxi, Jin Zhangzong, the first year of Wanyan Jing and Mingchang
Song Ningzong
Expansion:
1195 AD: Yimao, the first year of Qingyuan
1201 AD: Xinyou, the first year of Jiatai
1205 AD: Yichou, the first year of Kaixi
1206 AD: Bingyin, The second year of Kaixi, the first year of Genghis Khan Temujin of the Great Mongol Kingdom
1208 AD: Wuchen, the first year of Jiading
1209 AD: Jisi, the second year of Jiading, Jin Guowei King Shao Wanyan Yongji, the first year of Da'an
AD 1213: Guiyou, the sixth year of Jiading, the first year of Xuanzong of the Jin Dynasty, the first year of Zhenyou, the second year of Chongqing and the first year of Ning, the second year of Chongqing and the first year of Ning, the second year of Chongqing and the first year of Ning, the second year of the Chongqing year of Wei Shao King of the Jin Kingdom.
1224 AD: Jiashen, the seventeenth year of Jiading, the first year of Zhengda reign of Emperor Aizong of the Jin Dynasty
Li Zong of the Song Dynasty
Yun:
1225 AD: Yiyou, the first year of Baoqing
AD 1227: Dinghai, the third year of Baoqing, the 22nd year of Genghis Khan Temujin of the Great Mongol Kingdom, the Mongolian Khanate destroyed Xixia.
AD 1228: Wuzi, the first year of Shaoding, the first year of Nayan Khan Tuolei of the Great Mongol Kingdom, the successor was on the expedition to Wokuotai, and Tuolei supervised the country.
AD 1229: Ji Chou, the second year of Shaoding, the first year of Mongol country Mu Yijian Khan Wokuotai
AD 1234: Jiawu, the first year of Duanping, Jin Aizong Wanyan Shouxu three years after Tianxing, six years after the Great Mongol Kingdom Mu Yijian Khan Wokuotai, the Jin Kingdom perished.
1237 AD: Ding You, the first year of Jiaxi
1241 AD: Xin Chou, the first year of Chunyou
1242 AD: Renyin, the second year of Chunyou 1246 AD, the first year of the Great Mongolian Empire's title of Queen Mazhen
AD 1246: Bingwu, the sixth year of Chunyou, the fifth year of the Great Mongolian Kingdom of Queen Mazhen, and the Great Mongolian Kingdom Kuyu Kehan ??Guiyou The first year
1249 AD: Jiyou, the ninth year of Chunyou, Great Mongolia was lost in the sea and later called the first year of the system
1251 AD: Xinhai, the eleventh year of Chunyou, Great Mongolia Three years after the country was lost in the sea, it was called the first year of Mongke Khan of the Great Mongolian Kingdom
1253 AD: Guichou, the first year of Baoyou
1259 AD: Jiwei, Kai The first year of Qing Dynasty, the ninth year of Mengge Khan of the Great Mongol Kingdom
1260 AD: Gengshen, the first year of Jingding, the first year of Xue Chan Khan and Kublai Khan of the Great Mongolian Kingdom
AD 1264: Jiazi, the fifth year of Jingding, the fifth year of Xue Chan Khan of the Mongolian Kingdom Kublai Khan to the first year of the Yuan Dynasty
Duzong of the Song Dynasty
禥:
AD 1265: Yichou, the first year of Xianchun
AD 1271: Xinwei, the seventh year of Xianchun, the first year of Yuan Dynasty from Kublai Khan to the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol Khanate was officially divided. Established in the Yuan Dynasty.
AD 1274: Jiaxu, the tenth year of Xianchun, the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty from Kublai Khan
Song Gongzong (pronounced "Xian"):
< p>1275 AD: Yihai, the first year of Deyou, from Kublai Khan to the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty1276 AD: Bingzi, the second year of Deyou, from Kublai Khan to the 10th year of Yuan Dynasty Three years
Duanzong of the Song Dynasty
Shi (pronounced "Shi")
1276 AD: Bingzi, the first year of Jingyan, the second year of Deyou, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty suddenly In the thirteenth year of Bilie's reign
The last emperor of the Song Dynasty
Bing:
1278 AD: Wuyin, the first year of Xiangxing, the third year of Jingyan, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, arrived in the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty
1279 AD: Ji Mao, the second year of Xiangxing, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, arrived in the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty. Yashan fell and Zhao Bing was forced to throw himself into the sea. Committed suicide and the Southern Song Dynasty died.
What is the difference between simplified and traditional Chinese characters? Don’t talk about it in general terms. We need to analyze it scientifically to help us make a decision. The difference between Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese, in terms of quantity, is not the entire system, but a small part. To be precise, it is the difference between 2235 simplified characters and their corresponding traditional characters. Other than that, the remaining kanji glyphs are the same. There may be several differences. In terms of calligraphy, they are all regular script, and the simplified characters taken from cursive script are also regularized. The strokes of both are straight and the same, and they both form squares when assembled.
So, what is the difference between the two? In my words, the "parts" that assemble a whole word are not the same. To use an inappropriate metaphor, compared to traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese means "replacing pillars", replacing brick and tile houses with straw sheds. It's cheaper to build a thatched shed than to build a brick house, so it's natural to write simplified Chinese characters faster than traditional Chinese characters.
The basic elements that make up Chinese characters are strokes, with a total of six , there are several more folds, not listed). Characters synthesized by strokes can be used independently, or can be used as "components" to combine with another character to form a new character. The method of combining Chinese characters is different from that of English. Chinese characters are composed and assembled; English characters are stringed and stringed together. When assembling Chinese characters, the strokes of some characters overlap. For example, the traditional character "飞" is composed of two "wings" combined into one "sheng" character, with the horizontal line of the center "sheng" character overlapping the horizontal line of "wings". A single "wing" cannot "fly" into the air.
There are also variations in English when it goes out of the country. Recently, when countries that use English send international students to each other, the recipient proposes to take an English test to see which country he studied English from. This is not surprising, it is a matter between countries, and it is normal. Chinese characters have mutated in China, and there are barriers to communication between the traditional and simplified areas. This is abnormal.
Now, let’s bring the problem back and take a closer look at the differences in each word.
For example, the word "贝" is a very simplified word. Among them, the four strokes of "parts" have been replaced by two strokes of "人", the meaning has not changed, and the value of "Bei" has been strengthened. In order to express value, human beings as subjects are not more valuable. Not only do the individual characters have the same meaning, but the characters they combine as morphological symbols or phonetic symbols also have the same meaning, and there is no variation in meaning. For example, "gifts, expensive fees" (***87), it can be said that it is a simplified Chinese character with great benefits. The radical words mentioned in the first article all have such benefits, and they are all qualified to survive and stay in society.
The word "see" does not qualify for this. It is missing two strokes, and its eyes (eyes) are gouged out. How can you see without eyes? What's more, this character also needs to be combined with other characters. The qualifications to be a "component" are gone.
The word "ye" is used in the above paragraph, which is the part of speech of the verb, and is a special word used to evaluate poetry and music. But it was used to replace the traditional "ye", which is simply inconsistent and nondescript. The traditional Chinese character of this character is familiar to everyone who associates with "Die, Spy, Butterfly" and is remembered as soon as it is seen. The word "leaf" has nothing to do with it. I heard that a big shot scolded him at that time and refused to change his surname, so he always used traditional Chinese for his signature. To be honest, this is a word that does not need to be simplified. Simplification will produce a lot of negative effects.
The word "medical" is simplified like this, which is in line with reality. Today's "medicine" only has medical skills but no medical knowledge (please forgive me, doctor). Decoction, soup, acupuncture and massage have been simplified, leaving only surgery. Isn't it true that doctors are developing from "cultural" to "military"? (Again, asking for mercy). So who should be blamed for this situation? The person who created the characters should be blamed. Because thoughts are power and words are the representation of thoughts. Why do I criticize the word "surprise"? This is the reason.
The characters for "fish" and "turtle" are very simple. The former needs to be paired with many characters to generate new characters to express individual fish, which is very effective. The latter is almost a "bachelor" and does not pair with other words to produce new words. Although it is similar to the abbreviated word "电" (the word "电" should be simplified), it is not an electronic product. Another reason why the word "fish" is so simple is that it changes from "braised fish" to a big live fish. Because at the bottom of the radicals of Chinese characters, three points represent water, four points represent fire, and they also represent the limbs of birds and animals, such as "sweat", "heat", "ripe" and "horse, bird, lamb" and so on. This is a common practice, or an unspoken rule.
Why is the word "Guo" not so simple? Because the sound symbol for "Guo" in traditional Chinese has been simplified, and the shape of the sound symbol is not out of shape, it is very successful. There are many words combined by it, and it is integrated into a "group", such as "pot, nest, pot", etc., and then the word "guo" is taken out separately and transformed into a new product. People have to re-recognize it, which is unnecessary. Besides, "walking an inch" is not more accurate than "moving forward in zigzags".
Why is the word "shi" bad? Because I got a wrong concept. In ancient times, the hourglass for timing time was placed in a small house in the corner of the side hall, and timing was done outdoors by watching the movement of the sun's shadow, so it was right to choose "Temple" as the sound symbol. Why throw away "land"?
The words "Cun" and "You" with few strokes are very popular. When you encounter something that cannot be simplified, send it. It has taken over the position of many "tribal leaders" (adding radicals to the radical). It is so majestic. .
Let's look at the word "zhun" again. This is a more valuable word than "bei". I want to say a few more words about the word analysis.
The sound symbol "鹹" in the character "Zhun" has the same sound as vertebra, which means bird. It is also the sound symbol of "cone, vertebrae, and zhui". When the meaning of "鹹" is extended to refer to similar things, such as eagles and falcons, then the pronunciation of "鹹" changes. So the word "quasi" was derived. The use of two points in the character "quasi" is a last resort. The traditional Chinese character is exactly the character "Huai" plus the character "十". This combination is problematic. Therefore, traditional Chinese characters are not perfect.
What’s the problem? Let me first introduce a concept closely related to "accuracy".
Humans have many ways to express their thoughts and emotions, such as "statement", "sound", "symbol", "language", "text", etc. In China, for example, if a person agrees with something, he can nod his head, which is a gesture; or say "uh", which is a vocal expression; or say "yes", which is a verbal expression. Draw a positive sign "+" on the paper, which is the symbol; write the word "quasi", which is the literal representation. Emperors in costume dramas often say "accurate performance".
"However, the sound of sighs cannot represent language, and symbols cannot represent words... Animals and humans often use "sounds" and "gestures" to express meaning, and savage humans use symbols."
——Chen Mengjiayu.
The problem is clear. Traditional Chinese characters are a combination of words and symbols (the "+" character is a symbol used by ancient prisoners to draw marks), and civilization and barbarism coexist. The removal of the "+" sign in simplified Chinese characters breaks with barbarism, which is of epoch-making significance. Don't underestimate this character, it is an iconic "building" in the evolution of Chinese characters. If Chinese characters are declared to UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage, the simplified Chinese character "quasi" will be used. That traditional Chinese version is absolutely impossible to use. It is a big issue about national self-esteem and national character.
The word "disaster" is also a well-characterized word in simplified Chinese. The implicit meaning is more practical, changing the combination of water and fire in the traditional Chinese character disaster, and the idea of ??water and fire being ruthless. Avoid conflict with the divine nature of the Supreme Good, Water, and Olympic Fire.
Let’s just write it here. There are still many, many words that need to be reviewed one by one, whether it is traditional Chinese or simplified Chinese. Let scholars and experts revise it.