As early as in ancient Greece, athletes used weightlifting to exercise and gain a strong body. These bodybuilders were "recorded" by sculptors and have survived to this day. This is the early bud of bodybuilding.
/kloc-In the late 9th century, Eugene Shandao, a German, pioneered the display of human beauty through various postures and laid the foundation for the development of modern bodybuilding, so he was recognized as "the founder of international bodybuilding" and "the first bodybuilding person in the world".
It is generally believed that the "early stage" of bodybuilding is from 1880 to 1930.
/kloc-At the end of 0/8, the great German sportsman Shandao gave a sensational performance in London Concert Hall. His developed muscles and harmonious figure, like a perfect artistic statue, fascinated thousands of audiences, thus creating a precedent for bodybuilding.
In modern times, modern bodybuilding is characterized by showing the beauty of the human body. Men's bodybuilding standards are: tall and strong, muscular and balanced, with wide shoulders and round arms, full of physical strength and healthy physique. Women's bodybuilding standards are: symmetrical figure, elegant posture, full chest, round shoulders and thin waist, smooth and moist skin color, etc. Bodybuilding should be combined with spiritual beauty. Only with a healthy and beautiful mind can we have healthy and beautiful emotions, healthy and beautiful gestures and healthy and beautiful behaviors. Only with a beautiful mind can we have real bodybuilding.
Bodybuilding as a sport, that is, competitive bodybuilding, means that bodybuilders show their bodies to the jury, and the jury will score them according to their aesthetic appearance. Muscle is displayed by reducing fat, applying oil and tanning the skin (or tanning oil), and combined with the live lighting effect, the outline of muscle group is more clear. Famous bodybuilders include Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dorian Yates, louis ferrigno, Franco Columbus, Frank Zan, Lee Haney, ronnie coleman, Jay Cutler and Dexter Jackson.
In the 1920s, influential monographs such as "The Law of Muscle Development" and "The Secret of Strength" theoretically affirmed the role of bodybuilding. Since 1930s, bodybuilding performance has gradually become a competitive competition in some European and American countries, and spread to all parts of the world. In the early 1940s, the Wade Brothers of Canada traveled around more than 90 countries and regions to promote bodybuilding, and established the International Bodybuilding Federation on 1946, and agreed and implemented the organization, rules, judges and awards of international bodybuilding competitions.
Many countries have joined the International Bodybuilding Federation.
Bodybuilding (the art of showing muscles) did not really appear before 19 century; It was not until the late19th century that Eugen Sando, a Prussian, began to popularize this sport. He is called "the father of modern bodybuilding". Because he let the audience appreciate his physique in the "muscle show", he is known as the pioneer of this sport. Although the audience is shocked to see a perfect figure, people usually show their bodies as part of strength show and wrestling competition. Shandao, through his agent Florenz Siegfried, built a stage around these exhibitions and competitions and achieved great success. Later, he founded many enterprises by his own fame, and he was one of the first representatives who took his personal name as a commercial brand. Subsequently, his popularity continued to increase, and he invented and sold the first batch of fitness equipment (mechanized dumbbells, spring tensioners and tension belts) on a large scale.
The mountain road strongly advocates "Greek aesthetics" (this aesthetic standard means that a perfect physique should mathematically conform to the size ratio of human statues in ancient Greece and Rome). In the early days, people often used this standard to measure whether their physique is perfect, which is also the standard for mountain roads to shape their bodies. Shandao organized the first bodybuilding contest on1901September 14, which was called the "contest". I don't think the word "fierce competition" covers everything. Great has another meaning, such as grandeur, greatness and kindness, so I use the Chinese word "great" instead. The competition was judged by Yamato himself, Sir charles rolls and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The competition was a great success, tickets were snapped up, and hundreds of sports fans could only watch and sigh. The trophy awarded to the winner is a bronze statue of Yamato himself, which was completed by the sculptor Frederick Pomeroy. The winner of the competition is William L. Murray from Nottingham, England. The top bodybuilding competition today is "Mr. Olympia". Starting from 1977, the winner's trophy is the same bronze statue of Yamato himself as the first bodybuilding competition in history.
1904 65438+1October 16, the first large-scale bodybuilding competition was held in Madison Square, new york, USA. The winner is Al Treloar, who won the title of "the most perfect man in the world". Trey Royal won a prize of 1000. This was an expensive sum at that time. Two weeks later, Thomas Edison made a mannequin movie of Al Trelawney. In previous years, Edison also made two films for mountain roads, which was the first record to make bodybuilding into a film. At the beginning of the 20th century, Bernarr mcphee and Charles Atlas continued to spread bodybuilding to the world. Alois P. Swoboda was a pioneer of early American bodybuilding, and Charles Atlas praised him and said, "I learned everything from Charles Atlas".
65，438+0， Other famous bodybuilders in the early history of 930 years ago included Earl Lidman (some of the earliest bodybuilding guide writers), Segmond Breitbart (a famous Jewish bodybuilder), Georg Hackenschmitt, George F Jowett, Maxik (the pioneer of human modeling), Monte Sardo, Launceston Elliott, Sigmund Klein, and others. Lionel Strongfortism (a comprehensive theory covering training, diet and even daily hygiene), Gustav Fristensky (Czech champion)
Golden period
The "golden age" of bodybuilding generally refers to the period from 1940 to 1970. During this period, the early aesthetics began to change, people pursued bigger muscles, and put forward higher requirements for muscle symmetry and contour clarity.
Pump iron
Schwarzenegger's road to bodybuilding (10)
. This is largely due to the outbreak of World War II, which led many young people to pursue stronger physique and stronger personality. They achieve these goals by improving training skills, improving nutrition levels and using more effective equipment. Many influential publications have also begun to appear, and new competitions should also rise with the development of bodybuilding.
The "muscle beach" in Venice, California, USA is the symbol of bodybuilding in this period. Famous bodybuilders in this period included Steve Reeves (famous for playing Hercules (a famous Hercules in Greek mythology) and other ancient Hercules heroes), Reg Park, John Grimmeke, Larry Scott, Bill Pearl and "Little Angel".
With the rise of Amateur Athletics Association (AAU), AAU added bodybuilding to the existing weightlifting competition in 1939, and the event was named "Mr. AAU America" the following year. Around the 1940s, most bodybuilders began to complain that AAU only allowed amateurs to participate in competitions and only focused on Olympic weightlifting. This prompted the Wade brothers-ben wade and Joe Wade-to initiate and organize the International Bodybuilding Federation (IFBB). Their competition "IFBB America" is open to professional players.
1950, another competition named National Amateur Fitness Association began to be held in Britain as "Mr. Naba Universe". 1965, another highlight, Mr. Olympia. At present, "Mr. Olympia" is the top event in bodybuilding.
At first, only men participated in bodybuilding competitions. Later 1965, Na Ba began to join Miss Universe, 1980, and introduced Miss Olympia.
Modern Times
In 1970s, bodybuilding attracted a lot of public attention because of Arnold Schwarzenegger's film Weightlifting. Before that, IFBB played a dominant role in this sport, and AAU also had a place.
198 1 year, Jim Magnaud just stepped down as the chairman of the AAU Sports Committee and established the National Sports Committee (NPC). NPC began to become the most successful bodybuilding organization in America, which is an amateur department of IFBB. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, bodybuilding events sponsored by AAU went from bad to worse. 1999, AAU voted to stop the bodybuilding competition. During this period, steroids began to be used more and more in bodybuilding and other sports. In order to resist this phenomenon, IFBB began to introduce a drug detection system for steroids and other prohibited substances, which is also to allow IFBB to be accepted as a member of the International Olympic Committee. Despite the drug testing system, most professional bodybuilders continue to use steroids to compete. In the 1970s, people could openly discuss the use of steroids because it was completely legal at that time. However, the Steroid Control Act passed by the US Congress in 1990 listed steroids as the third category of controlled goods in the Controlled Goods Act.
1990, Vincent McMann, founder of professional wrestling group, announced the establishment of a new bodybuilding organization-World Bodybuilding Federation. McMahon hopes to bring World Wrestling Federation (WWF)-style performances and more generous bonuses into the bodybuilding industry, and signed lucrative contracts with 13 athletes. In fact, some of them were just nobody in the fitness industry at that time. Athletes who joined WBF soon gave up IFBB. In response to the establishment of WBF, IFBB Chairman ben wade blacklisted bodybuilders who signed with WBF. IFBB also secretly stopped the steroid drug testing system for its athletes, because it was too difficult for IFBB to fight against the newly established organization that did not conduct drug testing. 1992, the FBI began to investigate the case of Vincent McMann and WBF organization suspected of steroid trading, and McMahon was forced to establish a drug testing system for WBF athletes. As a result, the competition quality of WBF in that year was very poor. McMahon officially dissolved WBF in July 1992. The reason may be that his pay-per-view income from the broadcast of WBF matches and the sales of WBF publication "Bodybuilding Lifestyle" (later became WBF magazine) are not optimistic. Coupled with multiple 6-digit contracts, twice-monthly TV broadcasts and monthly magazine distribution, the establishment of WBF WBF has two benefits for IFBB athletes: First, it has prompted IFBB founder Joe Weide to sign contracts with many top bodybuilders; Secondly, it urged IFBB to increase the signing bonus, and Qiao Weide finally asked those athletes who had signed with WBF to pay 10% of their annual salary in WBF as a fine and return to IFBB.
At the beginning of 2 1 century, IFBB tried to promote bodybuilding as an Olympic event. In 2000, IFBB became a full member of the International Olympic Committee, and tried to make bodybuilding a regular event by showing events for the Olympic Games, but it failed in the end. Whether bodybuilding conforms to the definition of Olympic sports is still controversial. Some people think that the process of bodybuilding competition does not involve sports competition. In addition, there is always an illusion that bodybuilding competitions will definitely involve steroids strictly prohibited by the Olympic Games. Proponents believe that the modeling competition in bodybuilding requires skill and preparation, so bodybuilding should be regarded as a sport.
In 2003, joe weider sold Wade Publications, Inc. to AMI, American Media, Inc., which published National Enquirer, and ben wade was re-elected as the chairman of IFBB. In 2004, Wayne Demule, the organizer of Mr Olympia's competition, suddenly left IFBB, and the competition was hosted by AMI.