1. The human body is an organic whole, which consists of several organs. The formation of the overall unity of the body is centered on the five internal organs and coordinated with the six internal organs. It belongs to the five internal organs through the meridian system. It belongs to the function of limbs. The human body takes the five internal organs as the center, connecting the five internal organs, five bodies, five senses, nine orifices, limbs and bones into an organic whole through the meridian system, and completing the unified functional activities of the body through the functions of essence, qi, blood and body fluid.
Because viscera, tissues and organs are interrelated and influenced each other in physiology and pathology, it is decided that when diagnosing diseases, we can understand and judge viscera diseases through external changes such as facial features, body shape and color pulse, so as to make correct diagnosis and treatment.
2. The unity of man and nature People live in nature, and the changes of nature can directly or indirectly affect the human body, and the human body correspondingly produces adaptive adjustment. "Lingshu Nianlu" says: "Man is related to heaven and earth, and corresponds to the sun and the moon." If the environment changes beyond the range of human physiological adjustment, it is a pathological reaction. Therefore, it has become an important principle of TCM therapeutics to adapt to the time, place and person. Only by analyzing and grasping the close relationship between the external environment and the human body can effective treatment be carried out.
(2) treatment based on syndrome differentiation
Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the basic principle of TCM in understanding and treating diseases, the special research and treatment method of TCM, and one of the basic characteristics of TCM.
1, the difference between disease, syndrome and symptom "disease" is the total process of pathological changes in the body under certain reasons and conditions: "disease" is the general name of symptoms and signs, and "syndrome" is the pathological summary of the body at a certain stage in the process of disease development. No matter how complicated the disease is, "syndrome" can summarize the location, etiology, nature and the relationship between evil and positive, so it can reflect the nature of the disease at this stage.
2. The concept of syndrome differentiation and treatment The so-called syndrome differentiation and treatment means that the collected data, symptoms and signs are summarized and judged as a certain type of syndrome through the analysis, synthesis and identification of the etiology, nature, location and the relationship between evil and positive. Treatment, also known as treatment, is to determine the corresponding treatment methods according to the results of syndrome differentiation. Syndrome differentiation is the premise of determining treatment, and treatment is the means and method to treat diseases.
3. The treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the basic rule to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The treatment based on syndrome differentiation can dialectically treat the relationship between diseases and syndromes. It is believed that a disease can include several different syndromes, and different diseases can have the same syndrome in the development process. Therefore, the method of "treating the same disease with different treatments" or "treating different diseases with the same treatment" can be adopted in clinical treatment.
(1) Different treatment for the same disease: The so-called "different treatment for the same disease" refers to different treatment methods for the same disease due to different onset time, region and patient's body responsiveness, or because the disease is in different development stages. Taking a cold as an example, due to the difference of onset season and patients' physique, the clinical symptoms of exterior syndrome of wind-cold and exterior syndrome of wind-heat are different, so the treatment methods are also different.
The so-called "treating different diseases at the same time" means that different kinds of diseases can be treated in the same way because of the same pathogenesis and symptoms. Such as chronic diarrhea, proctoptosis, uterine prolapse, etc. They are different diseases, but they all belong to the syndrome of stagnation of middle qi according to syndrome differentiation, so they can all be treated by ascending middle qi.