When Su was nine years old, Su Jiesheng failed in business and his family was ruined. Since then, the situation has gone from bad to worse, so that Sue has been living in a house under a sponsor since she was thirteen. He first lived with his aunt in Shanghai for two years, studying Chinese and English. Then, when he was fifteen (1898), he was sponsored by his cousin Lin Ziyuan to study in Japan. I studied at Datong School of Overseas Chinese Affairs Office in Yokohama for four years, at Waseda University in Tokyo for one year, and at Chengcheng School for several months. During the nearly six years of studying abroad, Sue's life was very hard. According to Feng Ziyou, his classmate and good friend, when Sue went to school in Tokyo, she lived in the worst "boarding house" and ate rice mixed with lime because she only helped ten yuan a month. In order to save fuel, he doesn't light the lamp at night.
After Su Yu 1903 returned to China, he first taught at Wuzhong Public School in Suzhou and then wrote for Shanghai National Daily. Because the newspaper stopped publishing, he lost his job. He went to Hongkong to take refuge in Chen Shaobai, one of the leaders of the Zhong Xing Association, but he was given the cold shoulder because of misunderstanding. In a rage, Sue went to a ruined temple in Huizhou, Guangdong Province to get a haircut and become a monk. However, only a few months ago, I didn't qualify as a monk, so I took the opportunity of Master's going out to steal the biography of my late brother Jing Bo and ran away. From then on, he called himself "Jing Bo" and "Monk Schumann" and began to wander around the world. With Shanghai as the center, it frequently travels to and from the north and south of the Yangtze River, Japan and Southeast Asia. Sometimes I teach for a living, sometimes I sell literature for a living, sometimes I send meals to temples, sometimes I beg for loans from friends, sometimes I'm "poor and hungry, so I have to lie down all day" (in Liu Yazi), and sometimes I even knock out my gold teeth for cigarettes. Finally, he was poor and ill the year before the May 4th Movement, at the age of 35. Su was one of the earliest intellectuals who realized during the Revolution of 1911. As early as 1902, he participated in the first revolutionary youth association of students studying in Japan with the purpose of anti-Qing. 1903 Joined the Russian Volunteers. Later, although the Russian Volunteers were reorganized into a military national education association with anti-Qing color, he also participated. Su is also closely related to Dr. Sun Yat-sen. According to He Xiangning's memory, from 65438 to 0903, He Xiangning's residence in Tokyo was Sun Yat-sen's contact point and meeting place, and Su was one of them who often attended the meeting. Sun Yat-sen also asked Su and other 20 students studying in Japan to form a volunteer team to practice shooting every morning to prepare for the armed uprising. Sue took an active part in revolutionary activities, and was strongly opposed to funding his schooling, and threatened to cut off his funding. However, Sue would rather lose her job and drop out of school than give up the revolution. As a result, Lin Ziyuan forced him to return to China. After returning home, he continued to engage in revolutionary activities. 1904 In the spring, he was angry with the rampant royalists and determined to assassinate his leader Kang Youwei, but Chen Shaobai tried to dissuade him. In the autumn of the same year, he taught in Changsha Industrial School, Hunan Province, which coincided with the armed uprising planned by Huaxing Association, and he also participated in it. After the uprising was aborted due to prior disclosure, he attended the secret meeting convened by Huang Xing in Shanghai and decided the policy of assassination and armed uprising in the future. It can be seen that in his early years, the Soviet Union not only had the general idea of national democratic revolution, but also fully supported and actively participated in the actual struggle to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty by violent means.
However, Sue is not a revolutionary activist, but a revolutionary writer. His main contribution is not to criticize the old world with weapons, but to open the way for the Revolution of 1911 with "critical weapons".
Sue participated in the propaganda and agitation of the Revolution of 1911. For example, the National Daily run by Chen Duxiu Zhang, the People's Daily run by the League and the Tianyi Daily run by the Liu couple are all run by the Soviet Union. He prefaced Qiu Jin's posthumous poems and wrote a speech for Feng Ziyou's Three Revolutionary Armies. During the period of 1907, Lu Xun prepared to set up a literary magazine "New Life" in Japan, and Su was one of the founders. 1909 After the establishment of Nanshe, Su quickly joined and became a famous writer of Nanshe. The basic ideas expressed in Su's works are closely related to the bourgeois national democratic revolution and serve the anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism. For example, in 1903, when the people of the whole country launched a massive anti-Russian movement and the bourgeois revolutionaries had a big debate with the royalists, Su wrote such a poem: "You can't even go to Qin Dou after the sea dew dance, but you are floating in the smoke." The people were lonely and angry with the hero's tears, shed sadness and gave them to their old friends. ""Dragon blood Huang Xuan, Long song see wild. When people go to dawn, the bright moon is as white as frost. "The author used the story of Lv Zhonglian's resistance to Qin and Jing Ke's stabbing to death of the King of Qin in the Warring States Period to express his indignation and deep patriotism. At the same time, he published an essay "Alas Cantonese", severely criticizing the foreign slave comprador who forgot his ancestors and regarded the thief as his father. Les Miserables, published in the same year, not only criticized the "Les Miserables" ruled by the Qing government and feudal ideology for thousands of years, but also created a heroic image of a bourgeois revolutionary and advocated overthrowing autocratic rule by violent means and establishing a "just new world" without exploitation and oppression. Therefore, it was once praised by young Lu Xun. On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, he published other works, such as Linghai Youguang Record, Byron's Selected Poems, and Miluo's Hidden by the Sea, or used the historical fact that the Qing soldiers slaughtered the Han people and the Han people rose up and rebelled at the beginning of entering the customs, "hoping to awaken the forgotten old hatred and help the revolution succeed" (Lu Xun's language); Or use the fact that foreign people resisted the invaders to inspire the patriotism and rebellious spirit of the people of China. In a word, they all served the Revolution of 1911.
After the failure of the Revolution of 1911, although the Soviet Union was depressed, it did not completely give up its anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary thought. "The crystal curtain rolls Yi Deng faint, and the silence knocks on the Chinese soul of rivers and mountains"; When we get together in Mo Wen, our country is sad, only tears are flowing. Although this is only a helpless sigh, the feelings of pain in that country are extremely profound. When Dutch colonialists massacred overseas Chinese in Java, the Soviet Union published Nanyang Dialect in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and the dignity of the motherland. When Dr. Sun Yat-sen launched the "Second Revolution", Su also published the "Proclamation for Yuan", which revealed that Yuan thieves were "good at butchering knives and killing people like grass" and "humiliated the country and destroyed the border; The crime of "four dimensions cannot be opened, and traitors are full of profits" and categorically stated: "Although I am based on my life experience, I am not responsible for the rise and fall of the country. "Today, I will tell you bluntly: Gan is the culprit, and he ignores the safety of the soldiers. In other words, although he is good at words and doesn't like to talk, he will be inspired! " The six novels he wrote during this period not only criticized the feudal ethics from the perspective of marriage and love, but also exposed the dark reality under Yuan Shikai's rule. It can be seen that the Soviet Union basically maintained the situation in the later period of the revolution. Su Zai has also made some artistic achievements, which is one of the important reasons for the spread of his works. His poetic style is unique and unique. There are about 100 poems, most of which are seven-character poems and mostly sentimental works. This tendency is particularly evident in the poems after the Revolution of 1911. In art, he was influenced by Li Shangyin, and his poetic style was sad, full of helplessness and sighs of self-injury.
Lyrics lingering, thousands of turns; Vivid images of things; Write vividly. For example, "The horseshoe is proud in the depths of Liu Yin, and there is no silver sand to drive the tide." Maodian ice cream knows that the city is very close and the red leaves are full of girls. "It is indeed a good poem with pictures and scenery, fresh and beautiful. No wonder even Guo Moruo said that "Su's poems are fresh". His novels not only retain the advantages of China's novels, such as tortuous plot, complete story and concise description, but also absorb the advantages of western novels, such as focusing on describing the natural environment, the psychology of characters and the appearance of characters, thus improving the literariness of novels.
Of course, Su's class background and the times in which he lived also caused serious defects in his thoughts. First of all, his thoughts are full of contradictions: there are both anti-imperialist patriotism and narrow nationalism; There are both anti-feudal democratic thoughts and backward remnants of feudal thoughts; There are both enthusiasm for saving the country and the people and negative feelings of pessimism and world-weariness; Sympathize with the people's suffering, but fail to see the people's strength, and so on. Secondly, his thoughts showed an obvious retrogression trend, the positive side became weaker and weaker, and the negative side became more and more serious. It can be seen that Sue can neither be completely erased nor completely affirmed, but should be critically inherited.
Besides poems, Su also translated Selected Poems of Byron and Les Miserables by Hugo, a famous French writer, which caused a sensation in the translation field at that time. In addition, I am also engaged in the creation of Su's novels. Starting from 19 12, he has written six novels, such as Broken Goose, Scarlet Letter, Burning Sword, Broken Hairpin and Dream in a Dream. , and the tears of the end of the world only wrote two chapters. These works are all about love, showing the contradiction between the pursuit of the hero and heroine and social obstruction. Most of them end in tragedy, with a strong sentimental color. Su pays attention to revealing the psychological contradiction of the protagonist, which is actually a true portrayal of his inner struggle. The style of writing is fresh and smooth, the language is graceful and graceful, and the plot is tortuous and moving, which has a great influence on the popular novels of Yuanyang Butterfly School.
In a word, Su is an important writer in the old democratic revolution era. His works should be part of the excellent cultural heritage of the motherland, and he should occupy a place in the history of literature.