The development of the second child policy has led to an increasing demand for teachers, and the number of people who have obtained tea
The development of the second child policy has led to an increasing demand for teachers, and the number of people who have obtained teacher qualification certificates has gradually increased. However, many people often confuse teaching means with teaching methods. However, teaching means and teaching methods are two different concepts. Here I collect and integrate the differences between teaching means and teaching methods for your reference.
Definition of teaching means:
The following are three views on teaching means: 1 Teaching means refers to a set of specific ways or methods adopted by teachers to achieve curriculum goals in the classroom. Teaching methods should be changed at any time according to the requirements of teaching situation and the needs of students. In the teaching theory and practice at home and abroad, most teaching methods involve how to refine or transform the course content. The so-called teaching means refers to the specific teaching scheme with high efficiency formed by selecting the teaching content, teaching organization form, teaching methods and related technologies according to the set teaching tasks and students' characteristics after the teaching objectives are determined. The teaching method is comprehensive, operable and flexible. Teaching means is a series of implementation processes to regulate and control teaching activities in order to achieve teaching objectives and complete teaching tasks on the basis of a clear understanding of teaching activities. The similarity of these three viewpoints is that they all think that the implementation of teaching means is to achieve teaching objectives and curriculum objectives, and it is flexible or called flexibility. The difference is that the first view holds that teaching means is "a set of specific ways or methods"; The second view is that the teaching method is "a specific teaching scheme with efficiency significance"; The third view boils down to "a series of implementation processes of regulating teaching activities". On this basis, we can find some characteristics and basic meanings of teaching means: teaching means is a set of flexible teaching behaviors to achieve teaching goals, and it is the flexible use of teaching principles, teaching models and teaching methods by teachers in teaching practice according to teaching plans and students' physical and mental characteristics.
Classification:
There are many classifications of teaching methods. But according to the control points of information processing, it can be divided into three types: substitution, generation and guidance.
Alternative teaching means that teachers choose specific teaching content, arrange it well, and then teach students through certain methods and means. In this process, the main body of information processing is teachers, while students have no initiative.
Generative teaching refers to encouraging students to form teaching objectives independently, determining teaching contents, and organizing, understanding, strengthening and transferring them. And construct their own unique teaching significance in teaching.
Both of the above viewpoints were put forward by Hills. In order to give full play to the advantages of the first two teaching methods and make up for their shortcomings, Gagne put forward the guiding teaching method.
Definition of teaching methods:
Teaching method refers to the means used by teachers and students to complete certain teaching tasks in common activities. It includes not only the methods of teachers' teaching, but also the methods of students' learning, which is the unity of teaching methods and learning methods. This definition contains several meanings: first, the purpose of using teaching methods is to achieve certain teaching goals and tasks. In other words, the teaching method is a means to achieve the teaching goal, and what kind of teaching method is adopted depends on the teaching goal and content. Secondly, the actors of teaching methods include teachers and students. Teachers use or design a certain type of teaching method, and in specific classroom teaching, they also need the cooperation of students to really use a certain teaching method. Thirdly, teaching methods are the organic combination and unity of teaching methods and learning methods, not just the methods taught by teachers.
Classification:
The first level takes language and writing as the media.
There are five basic methods to transfer knowledge, namely, teaching, talking, reading guidance, practicing and checking. They have the following common characteristics: 1 level teaching method is applied to teaching activities for the first time, and its application scope is wider. They are independent and specific methods. Can independently complete certain teaching tasks. 3 is the basis of the whole teaching method system, and some teaching methods need their cooperation. For example, experimental methods require teachers to explain the requirements and methods of experiments, and must be intervened through teaching or conversation. Teachers' activities play a leading role in such activities.
The second level takes physical objects as the medium.
In addition to transferring knowledge, it also has the functions of cultivating practical skills and operational ability, namely, demonstration, experiment, visit, practice and classroom discussion. With the development of modern science and technology, the expansion of teaching content and the application of advanced technical means in teaching, the original teaching methods can no longer meet this demand. From the time of production, it is later than the first-level teaching method. They are independent and specific teaching methods, but their scope of application is smaller than the former. Their use must have certain conditions and requirements. For example, experimental methods are suitable for physics, chemistry, biology and other courses, and necessary devices are needed. This level method is the basic element of the third level method. This method focuses on student activities, and teachers' activities revolve around student activities.
Three-level teaching method is a new comprehensive teaching method.
At present, there are mainly "outline signal diagram" teaching method, "reading, discussing, speaking and practicing" eight-character teaching method, "six-lesson unit" teaching method, discovery method, natural law and autonomous teaching method, suggestion teaching method and example teaching method. These methods are based on the corresponding teaching ideas. Some methods are the reorganization of some specific methods at the first and second levels, and some methods already include teaching principles, means, organizational forms and teaching links. At present, some methods that constitute a certain method system are not perfect and need to be tested, studied and improved. So this level of teaching method is a higher level teaching method in a broad sense. The outstanding feature is to cultivate students' various abilities, especially self-study ability. The role of teachers is to organize and adjust the teaching process. For example, the eight-character teaching method of "reading, discussing, practicing and speaking", "reading" refers to letting students read textbooks in classroom teaching, with the aim of cultivating students' reading ability; "Discussion" is a process that allows students to express their opinions, learn from each other, communicate, distinguish right from wrong, learn from each other's strong points and draw correct conclusions according to their personal understanding of the text content. "Deliberation" is mainly a process in which students speak, teachers listen, sometimes interrupt, sometimes guide and sometimes encourage; "Practice" is the application of knowledge. Through practice, students can further digest and master the knowledge and skills they have learned, and come back for discussion when problems are found. Doing questions, answering orally, practicing in writing, opening books and summarizing, and experimenting all belong to the scope of practice; "Speaking" runs through the classroom teaching, and there are lectures in reading, discussion and practice. Teachers should be targeted and make the finishing point. It can be seen that this method is a complete method system that combines many specific teaching methods and reassembles them.
Differences and connections:
The teaching methods are specific and operable, which are some teaching and learning methods that educators are familiar with. Any desirable teaching method can reflect the infiltration of some teaching principles. However, under the guidance of teaching rules, teachers flexibly use teaching principles, teaching models and teaching methods according to specific education and teaching conditions. Its stability is relatively insufficient, but it is more flexible. It is precisely because of the "flexibility" in the specific use of teaching methods that teachers need a skill more when using them. The flexibility of teaching means doesn't mean that some commonalities can't be summarized, but there is relatively little cognition and research on teaching means at present.