Shishuang Temple is a cultural relic protection unit in Changsha City.
Shishuang Temple is located in the southwest of Shuanghua Mountain in Shizhuang Village, Jingang Town, Liuyang City. It currently has 25757_ of land, 18 houses, and a total building area of ??3649.60_. Its architectural style is built according to the grade of the hillside, facing south. Entering the mountain gate along the middle line, the distance is less than 10 meters away from the Tianwang Hall. Behind the Tianwang Hall, there is a bell and drum tower on the left and right sides, followed by the two-story east and west wing rooms. There is an open space in the middle. There is a Mahavira Hall on the upper platform, and a Guanyin on the upper platform. The hall, and the upper platform base is the Reclining Buddha Hall, connected by horizontal corridors. On both sides of the central axis are the guest hall, dining hall, and ancestral hall in the east; in the west are the meditation hall, Guansheng Temple (three holy halls), and the abbot's room.
Mountain Gate: The existing mountain gate was rebuilt after the original mountain gate was demolished in 2003. It is in the archway style, with a width of three rooms (one Ming and two rooms) and one can reach it by climbing three steps. The two sides of the door are in the shape of an eight figure and are connected to the surrounding wall. In the middle is the coupon door. The door frame is made of granite. There are eight stones inlaid on both sides. On it is a red-lettered door couplet engraved with "The Great Thousand Worlds, the Only Dharma Door". The inscription "Tang Shi Shuang Chong_Zen Temple" on the upper forehead of the door is in gold characters on a black background, and there are 17 statues of Buddhist monks piled on top. The left and right sides of the upper part of the mountain gate are engraved with four green official characters of "Zhengfa, long-lasting residence", and there are also painted clay sculptures of birds, animals, flowers, trees, ridges and other decorations. The lower part is a yellow wall, and the middle part of the west wall is inlaid with "South_ "Amitabha Buddha" six gold characters in black marble. Inside the mountain gate (that is, the front yard) is a small green brick wall with the word "Buddha" floating in the middle and the word "福" on the back. There is a towering ancient cypress on the east side of the front yard.
Tianwang Palace: Pass through the front yard and enter the Tianwang Palace via 11 stone steps. The Tianwang Hall is a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain, with a brick and wood structure, covered with orange glazed tiles. There is a rolling shed under the four eaves, and a corridor around it. There are 20 stone columns under the eaves of the corridor, with lotus bases as the column bases. Each column and the wall are made of wood. The upper part of the columns is decorated with colorful sparrows, and the upper part of the corridor is covered with curved inverted ceiling panels. The wooden components are painted with vermilion paint. The Tianwang Hall is surrounded by yellow walls, and the wall skirts are covered with vermilion about 1 meter below. There is a coupon door in front of the hall. , drum-holding stone, with a couplet on both sides: "The Buddhist temple is revitalized, the monks are in peace at the mountain gate." A stone tablet of "Tianwang Hall" is embedded on the forehead of the door, and there are two round wooden windows with floral decorations on the left and right in front of the hall. The upper part of the hall is a ceiling and a painted octagonal caisson. There is an H wall in the middle, a altar at the front and back, and a Laughing Buddha in front. A pair of wooden couplets with gold characters on a black background are hung on the two wall stacks. The first couplet says: "The heavenly dragon protects the righteous law, the wind and rain smoothen all things", and the second couplet reads: "Maitreya's Journey" Great wish, compassion and joy to save all sentient beings." There are shrines on both sides of the hall, with seated statues of the Four Heavenly Kings on them, decorated with colorful paintings in different shapes. There is a shrine at the back of the hall with a standing statue of the Heavenly King inside. A little in front is a jujube wood incense table with exquisite carvings and golden patterns. There is a six-page long lattice door at the back, and six stone steps lead directly to the backyard.
Bell and Drum Tower: The cloister at the back of the Tianwang Hall is connected to the zigzag-shaped aisle pavilion, which is connected to the Bell and Drum Pavilion. The Drum Tower is on the left and the Bell Tower is on the right. The building shape of the two floors is the same, with double eaves and pointed roofs at the four corners, covered with orange glazed tiles. The double eaves are decorated with rolling sheds. There is a cloister around the eaves. The eaves are supported by 12 wooden columns. The eaves of the cloister are connected to the wall by moon beams. The bell tower has a coupon-shaped doorway with a pair of couplets on both sides of the doorway. The first couplet reads: "The morning bell awakens thousands of mountains to wake up"; the second couplet says: "The dusk drums bring peace to the people." There is a wooden altar inside, which houses a Bodhisattva. There is a carved incense table in front of the altar, and the internal and external floors are paved with rectangular granite tiles. The couplet on the Drum Tower is "The sound of drums frightens dreams, the bursts of divine bells_kindness". Built-in Thousand-Armed Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva sits cross-legged on a lotus seat. There are four stone steps under the eaves of the Bell and Drum Towers to the backyard.
Backyard: The backyard is rectangular and divided into two levels, with square bluestone slabs on the floor. There are two granite monuments and two stone lions on the left and right sides of the first-level courtyard. In the middle, there is a cast-iron tripod with triple eaves and spires for burning incense. There are pine, cypress, ginkgo and other trees on the side. On the second level are a pair of stone elephants, a pair of cast iron candlesticks, a stone table and a set of drum-shaped seats on both sides. There are steps on both sides leading from the courtyard to the main hall.
The Main Hall: Built on steps more than 2 meters above the courtyard, with double eaves on the top of the mountain, covered with orange glazed tiles, it is five rooms wide, surrounded by corridors, with a rolling shed in front, decorated with paintings, and a vertical corridor. It is supported by 20 round stone pillars, and a plaque reading "Mainxiong Palace" hangs in front of the double eaves. The hall has a raised beam structure, painted columns and fringes, and floor slabs. There is a altar in the middle of the hall, with three Buddhas and Bodhisattvas sitting on lotus seats. A horizontal plaque with the words "Dedicate oneself to the Dharma" hangs above the altar. There is a pair of gold-lettered couplets placed on both sides of the shrine. The first couplet says: "The thirty-nine spring and Autumn Collection Sutras were preached for more than 300 meetings, and the flowers were held to indicate the origin of the vultures." The second couplet is: "Introducing all the disciples to the enlightenment of countless sages to guide the maze and roar like lions." ". There are sacred cabinets on the left and right sides of the hall, enshrining the colorful statues of the Twenty-Four Heavens and the Eighteen Arhats. The ground is inlaid with black marble slabs (50×90_). There are shrines on the east and west sides of the hall. There are built-in female Bodhisattvas holding lotuses sitting on the back of the idol. The shrines are carved with dragons and phoenixes, and the craftsmanship is relatively exquisite. There is a altar at the back of the hall, with a female Bodhisattva on top of a dragon. There are smaller Bodhisattvas on both sides, standing on a lotus pedestal. A colorful satin tent is hung in front of the table. The front and rear doors of the temple are six pages long. Lattice fan. A bluestone stele (1.5 meters long, 1 meter wide, 0.2 meters thick) is erected on the eaves in front of the hall. It was erected in the 34th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1695). It is the "Stele Inscription of the Reconstruction of the Main Hall of Chongsheng Zen Temple in Shishuang" with about 400 words. Record its repair matters, etc. There are two stone tablets erected in the corridor behind the hall, engraved with the contents of donations for the repair of the hall (omitted).
Guanyin Hall: From the back corridor of the Main Hall, go through the pavilion and turn left up the 29 stone steps to the Guanyin Hall. There is a stone railing in front of the hall, a four-lattice door in front, wooden windows on both sides, and door couplets engraved on the stone slabs. One pair: "A sea of ??thousands of red perfumes, hundreds of thousands of suns and moonlight", a stone plaque of "Guanyin Hall" is embedded on the lintel, a statue of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva with a thousand hands is placed on the altar in the middle of the hall, a horizontal plaque of "Cihang Pudu" is hung on it, and a ceiling is installed on the ceiling. It is painted with caissons in all directions, and vermilion paint is applied on the ceiling. A couplet is hung on both sides of the Bodhisattva statue: "Rescuing people in distress does not distinguish between rich and poor. The Bodhisattva who seeks wealth and longevity hopes that you will look back." There are forty-two statues of Guanyin on the walls of the sacred cabinets on both sides of the hall, and the floors inside and outside are paved with colored marble. There are cloisters inside and outside the hall, and the back door is a coupon-shaped doorway. A door couplet is engraved on the bluestone: "Clouds of sorrow rise up in times of distress, and rain of kindness rains down to relieve suffering."
Hall of Reclining Buddha: Go out the back door of Guanyin Hall and walk up the thirty-nine stone steps to the Hall of Reclining Buddha. There are four round stone pillars on the eaves of the hall, the main door is a four-long lattice door, and the altar is in the center of the hall. There is a statue of Sakyamuni Buddha on it, with its head facing west and feet facing east, about 5 meters long, made of white marble and weighing about 12.7 tons. A pair of couplets hangs on both sides of the altar of the Buddha statue: "May the deep sorrow and deep lifting of the three roots be universally saved, and the true poverty and confusion will surpass the tenth level to be the only one." There is an incense table with four animal claws and feet in front of the stage, and granite square tiles (70×50_) are paved inside.
Ancestral Hall: There is a Zhaitang on the east side of the Main Hall, and behind the Zhaitang is the Ancestral Hall. The ancestral hall is three rooms wide, with a raised-beam structure in the main hall. In the middle and rear of the hall, there are seated statues of the Seven Patriarchs Fang Hui, Chu Yuan, Qingzhu, Daomo, Huineng, Huinan and Xuyun. There are hanging statues about 4 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. There is a wooden horizontal plaque with the four words "Xiangguo Chongguang" written on it. There is a six-lattice door in front of the steps, with lattice windows and door lintel squares on both sides. A bluestone tablet dating from the 12th year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1832) is embedded in the west front wall.
Living room: used to receive visitors, three rooms wide, with a wooden frame and a horizontal plaque of "Dinghui Yuanrong" hanging inside, a shrine underneath, a statue of Guan Gong inside, and a statue of Guan Gong on both sides. Long benches for people to rest, etc. and miscellaneous rooms.
Zhaitang: Located on the east side of the Main Hall, there are more than 10 rooms with steps and eaves in front, which are the miscellaneous rooms where the monks of the temple live.
Zen Hall: It is a place for monks and Zen masters to meditate and recite Buddha's name. There are five Zen rooms in total.
Shishuang Temple was a national temple in the Tang Dynasty. It was valued by royal families of all dynasties and produced "high moral monks" in the world. In this magnificent Buddhist ancestral palace, there are many historical relics left behind, which attract an endless stream of tourists with their different artistic brilliance. Among them, the most popular ones are the remains of ancient stele, the "Eight Treasures" full of magical colors and the precious ancient and famous trees.
1. Remaining Ancient Steles
There are many steles in Shishuang Temple. In addition to merit steles, epitaph steles and temple steles, there are also stone inscriptions of poems and prose by famous people. Most of the stele bodies have simple shapes, fine stone texture, and exquisite carvings. The calligraphy and writing are elegant and can be regarded as treasures passed down from generation to generation. These ancient stele fragments not only record the merits and virtues of eminent monks and dignitaries, but also record the historical evolution and historical materials. For example, there are two steles erected on the steps of the Great Buddha Hall: "Shishuang Chongsheng Zen Temple Reconstruction Record" and "Emperor Yongzheng Yimaochun Reconstruction of the Main Hall Fangming Record". The former is signed "Shu Lin Yuan Review Guiyou Fu Feng Examiner Dezhou Ashan" Written by Sun Xiangjin." It can be seen that the temple was first built by Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, expanded by Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, and rebuilt during the Yongzheng period of the previous Qing Dynasty. Since the late Tang Dynasty, poets, poets, and famous monks came to Shishuang Temple for pilgrimage, and they often broke stones to chant the scenery and express their feelings, leaving behind There are many masterpieces with elegant prose and magnificent penmanship. For example, "Zen Master Hu Yan" engraved by Ding Yingkui, the Minister of Punishment of the Song Dynasty, eulogized the temple's landscape in a vivid and vivid way, and was very popular. It was of great benefit to later tourists in appreciating the taste of the landscape.
2. Eight treasures hidden in Shishuang Temple
Shishuang Temple contains eight treasures, including the founder’s cassock and Zen staff, Prime Minister Pei’s legacy, Bao Gong’s breathing inkstone, pots for thousands of people, and beds for thousands of people. And the legendary Zhemu Hall and the self-ringing bell. All are rare and rare in the world.
The temple’s treasures left behind by Prime Minister Pei and Bao Gong’s breathing inkstone are the treasures of the gate of the town. The scepter left by Prime Minister Pei is a jade-like stone tablet made of the face of the Holy Mother. Pei Xiu, the Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty, was ordered to personally supervise the construction of Shishuang Temple. From then on, he left the scepter in the temple to guard the mountain gate. Bao Gong's inkstone is a jade inkstone inlaid with gold, on which are engraved "a strange stone with smooth texture, purple color and clear sound" and "Xu Ju's seal". It is said that "if the inkstone is moist, it will rain, and if the ink dries, it will be sunny." It can predict the weather. According to "Shishuang Temple Chronicles", Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty worshiped Buddhism and ordered to repair Shishuang. He wanted to send Bao Wenzheng, a bachelor of Longtu, to take care of the matter personally. Because of the constraints of state affairs, Bao had to send an envoy to bring his study treasure inkstone. Chu Nan Shishuang, to establish trust. After the extension work was completed, the inkstone was left as a treasure to strengthen the temple. These two ancient relics, Pei Xianghut and Bao Gong's inkstone, are now collected by the cultural relics department. The whereabouts of other antiquities are unknown.
3. Ancient and famous trees
(1) In front of the Shishuang Temple, an ancient cypress stands. Although the top is bald, it is still 19 meters tall, larger than two people hugging each other. The tree trunk is covered with scales, the branches are whirling, and the green leaves are green, giving it the appearance of a bearded man with a long life. According to the "County Chronicle", this cypress was planted by Pei Xiu, the imperial envoy and prime minister when the temple was built.
(2) There are two Gongsun trees (also known as Ginkgo trees) behind Shishuang Temple, which are more than a thousand years old. Ginkgo tree belongs to the gymnosperm Ginkgo family. It is an ancient plant with a life history of 13 million years. It is a precious and rare tree species. This plant is a large woody tree, up to 39 meters high, with branches on the stems, and the branches vary in length. Its leaves and flowers grow on the tops of short branches. The leaves are very special. Each leaf is composed of a slender petiole and a wide fan-shaped blade. The leaves often have cracks that divide the leaves into several lobes. There are two veins in the stem of the leaf, but they bifurcate into fan-shaped veins behind the leaf blade without a network of veins.
There is only one tree left in Shishuang Temple, and it was burned by fire. The main trunk was burned from the base. Fortunately, many trunks grew back from the roots, which are as big as the mouth of a bowl. The branches and leaves are lush, the trees are green and full of vitality, showing Tenacious and vigorous vitality.
1. Shishuang Temple has a long history. It is one of the four ancestral temples of Liuyang Buddhism and a famous Zen Buddhist temple in my country.
According to the inscription, Shishuang Temple was built during the Qianfu period of the Tang Dynasty (AD 874-879). It has a history of more than 1,100 years. He was granted the title "Chongsheng Zen Forest" by Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty. Shishuang Temple, Daowushan Xinghua Temple, Baogai Cave, and Daguang Cave are all the four ancestral temples of Liuyang Buddhism.
2. Shishuang Temple has grand buildings, solemn Buddha statues and numerous historical sites. It is the largest ancient temple complex in the Jiangnan area.
The Shishuang Temple was extremely grand in construction. At its peak, it had jurisdiction over 48 small temples, 5,048 temples, and 300 temples. It was said to be "closing the gate on horseback". At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were still 112 cigarette temples.
Shishuang Temple faces south from the north, and its halls are built according to the mountains. They are majestic. In addition to the main hall of the Big Buddha, there are also Guanyin Hall, Guansheng Hall, Ancestral Hall, Zhaitang, and Abbot’s Room. , Danchi, Yuchi Tower, Hua0, Sutra Hall, Wenshu Hall and other buildings. As a national temple of the Tang Dynasty, Shishuang Temple was valued by royal families of all dynasties. It was expanded and built during the reign of Renzong in the Song Dynasty and rebuilt during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. There was once a plaque "Tang Shishuang Temple" hanging on the lintel, which is said to have been written by Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty. Historically, the Shishuang Temple contained eight treasures: pots for thousands of people, beds for ten thousand people, self-ringing bells, Zhemu Hall, Pei Xianghut, Bao Gong inkstone, the founder's cassock and Zen staff, as well as a large number of ancient tablets. The main hall of the Buddha is five rooms wide and two rooms deep, with a cloister. The hall is more than nine feet high, and the wooden Buddha is seven feet high, which is only inferior to my country's largest wooden statue of Guanyin (22.28 meters high) in the Mahayana Pavilion of Puning Temple in Chengde. It has a brick and wood structure, with double eaves on the top of the mountain, gently rising corners, a vase on the spine, and turtle-shaped kisses at both ends. There is a granite gravel foundation under the temple. After repairs, it integrates the architectural styles of ancient temples of all generations.
3. There have been many famous monks in the history of Shishuang Temple. It is not only the birthplace of the Huanglong and Yangqi sects of Chinese Buddhism, but also the birthplace of the two major schools of Japanese Buddhism.
There have been many famous monks in the history of Shishuang Temple. In addition to Qingzhu, others such as Puhui, Chuyuan, Huinan and Fanghui have all become famous for a while. Among them, Huinan and Fang Hui both studied and received Dharma from Shi Shuang Chu Yuan, and later returned to Huanglong Mountain in Jiangxi and Yang Qishan in Yuanzhou to teach Dharma respectively. The Huanglong sect and Yangqi sect of the Linji sect, together with the previous five sects, are known as the seven sects of Chinese Buddhism.
During the Song Dynasty, the eminent Japanese monk Izumi Toshio took Meng'an Motocong of the Yangqi sect as his teacher. After learning the Dharma, he returned to China and founded the Zhongyan sect of Japanese Buddhism. Another eminent Japanese monk, Mei'an Einishi, became a disciple of Zen Master Zushin of the Huanglong Sect. After completing his studies, he returned to China and founded the Rinzai Sect of Japanese Buddhism. To this day, these two schools of Buddhism are still the most popular in Japan. In September 1983, a Japanese Buddhist delegation to China made a special trip to Shishuang Temple to pay homage to their ancestors. They picked ginkgo fruits from behind the temple and planted them in China as a commemoration. Therefore, Shishuang Temple is not only a memorial place for Chinese Buddhism, but also the ancestral home of mainstream Japanese Buddhism. It was once known as the "Pearl of Chunan Dojo".
4. Shishuang Temple is a tourist attraction for the people.
There are many ancient temples and temples left in Liuyang. They record the development of my country's feudal culture and the rise and fall of religious undertakings. Among them, the most commendable one is Shishuang Temple at the foot of Shishuang Temple. In Shishuang Temple, you can not only appreciate the traditional beauty of religious buildings and Buddhist statues, but also gain rich historical knowledge. There are many legendary stories and bizarre legends, which are vivid, interesting and enlightening. Since its opening for repairs, thousands of spectators have come in every year. It is an important place for patriotism education.
5. The surrounding area of ??Shishuang Temple is rich in tourism resources, beautiful scenery and has tourism development value.
Surrounding Shishuang Temple are the General Cave, Lian Lizhi across the river, Taoshu Bay Qing Dynasty residential buildings, Hu Climbing Spring, Fairy Showing Shoes, Prince Lake and other landscapes, plus many moving legends , along with the strong cultural atmosphere of Shishuang Temple, will create a landscape group with Shishuang Temple as the core, which is a huge intangible wealth and has tourism development value.
To sum up, Shishuang Temple has a long history and magnificent architecture. It is not only the birthplace of the Huanglong and Yangqi sects of Chinese Buddhism, but also the ancestral home of the Japanese Rinzai sect and the Chugen sect of Buddhism. It is a tourist attraction for the people. Therefore, it has important historical significance and protection value.
Jingang Town: Jingang Town is located at the junction of two provinces and three cities. It is located in the southern border of Liuyang City, adjacent to Dayao to the north, Yanghua to the west, Liling to the south, and Jiangxi to the east. It is 26 kilometers away from Liuyang City. . During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, a Buddhist temple was built in Shuanghua Mountain within the territory, and a Vajra statue was built in the temple, so it was named Vajra Head. The town covers an area of ??79.8 square kilometers, has a population of 55,000, and governs 7 villages and 3 communities. National Highway 106 runs through it, and the transportation is very convenient. King Kong is the birthplace of firecrackers in the province, with a long history of firecracker production and high quality.
There are 78 firecracker and fireworks manufacturers in the town, with annual sales reaching 6