2 English reference to epsom salt, magnesium sulfate, mgw, Salamarum [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
3 national essential drugs and magnesium sulfate related national essential drugs retail guidance price information
Essential drug serial number
DirectoryNo. Drug name, dosage form and specification Retail unit refers to
Description of price category: 639 90mg magnesium sulfate injection 2.5g: 10ml bottle (branch) 1. 1 biochemical products * △ 640 90mg magnesium sulfate injection 1g: 10ml bottle (branch) 0.55 biochemical products.
1, and those marked with "*" in the remarks column in the table are representative products.
2. If "△" is marked in the remarks column for the specifications representing dosage forms in the table, the prices representing dosage forms and related specifications with a clear price difference are tentative prices.
4 Basic information of magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate, or magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, is a magnesium-containing compound with the molecular formula of MgSO4 (or MgSO4 7H2O). Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is a commonly used chemical reagent and drying reagent. Magnesium sulfate often refers to magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, because it is not easy to dissolve, it is easier to weigh than anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and it is convenient for quantitative control in industry.
IUPAC English name magnesium sulfate
Other names for epsom salts
4. 1 CAS No.7487889
4.2 chemical formula MgSO4 (anhydrous)
Magnesium sulfate 7H2O (heptahydrate)
Molar mass 120.438+05g mol 1.
White crystalline solid
The density is 2.66 g/ml.
Melting point 1 124℃
Dissolve in water
Solubility: 25.5g/100ml (20℃).
4.3 Structure Crystal structure monoclinic
Dangerous MSDS external MSDS
4.4 Related Chemicals Other Cationic Calcium Sulfate and Aluminum Sulfate
5 Origin Magnesium sulfate originated from horse racing (Epsom) and was produced by boiling local mineral water. And then get it from seawater. In modern times, magnesium sulfate is extracted from minerals such as laxatives.
6 uses 6. 1 agricultural magnesium sulfate is used as fertilizer in agriculture because magnesium is one of the main components of chlorophyll. It is usually used for potted plants or crops lacking magnesium, such as tomatoes, potatoes and roses. Compared with other fertilizers, magnesium sulfate has higher solubility.
6.2 In medicine, magnesium sulfate is used to treat ingrown toenails.
6.3 Organic Chemistry Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate is a commonly used desiccant in organic synthesis. When magnesium sulfate in the organic phase is saturated, magnesium sulfate is removed by filtration or transfer injection.
Many other inorganic salts are also used as desiccants, such as sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate.
6.4 Other uses Magnesium sulfate is also used as bath salt.
7 Danger and health hazard: The dust of this product has a * * effect on mucous membrane, and long-term contact can cause respiratory inflammation. Ingestion has a cathartic effect, and renal insufficiency can cause magnesium poisoning, causing stomach pain, vomiting, watery diarrhea, collapse, dyspnea and cyanosis.
Environmental hazards: harmful to the environment and can pollute water bodies.
Explosion hazard: this product is nonflammable, with * * *.
7. 1 first aid skin contact: take off contaminated clothes and rinse with running water.
Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or normal saline. See a doctor.
Inhalation: leave the scene quickly and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If you have difficulty breathing, give oxygen. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. See a doctor.
Intake: Drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. See a doctor.
7.2 Hazard characteristics of fire protection measures: it cannot burn by itself. High temperature decomposes and releases toxic gases.
Harmful combustion products: sulfur oxide and magnesium oxide.
Fire extinguishing method: Firefighters must wear full-body fire-proof and gas-proof clothing to extinguish the fire in the upwind direction. When putting out the fire, move the container from the fire to an open place as much as possible. Then choose the appropriate fire extinguishing agent according to the cause of the fire.
7.3 Emergency treatment of leakage: isolate the leakage contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks and ordinary work clothes. Don't touch the leak directly. Small amount of leakage: avoid dust, clean it carefully, collect it and transport it to the garbage disposal site for treatment. Large amount of leakage: collected and recycled or transported to the waste disposal site for treatment.
7.4 Precautions for operation, handling and storage: closed operation and local ventilation. Prevent dust from being released into the air of the workshop. Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that the operator wear a self-priming filter dust mask, chemical safety glasses, gas-proof overalls and rubber gloves. Avoid dust. Avoid contact with oxidants. Equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may leave harmful substances behind.
Precautions for storage: Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Stay away from fire and heat sources. Avoid direct sunlight. The package is sealed. Should be stored separately from oxidant, and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to control leakage.
7.5 Contact Control/Personal Protection occupational exposure limits
China MAC(mg/m3): No standard has been established.
Maximum allowable concentration in the former Soviet Union (mg/m3): 2
TLVTN: No standards have been established.
TLVWN: No standard has been established.
Monitoring method: flame atomic absorption spectrometry; Titan yellow colorimetry
Engineering control: closed operation, local exhaust.
Respiratory system protection: when the dust concentration in the air exceeds the standard, you must wear a self-priming filter dust mask. Air respirator should be worn during emergency rescue or evacuation.
Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses.
Physical protection: wear anti-virus infiltration overalls.
Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.
Other protection: Smoking and eating are prohibited in the workplace, and hands are washed before meals. Take a shower and change clothes after work. Maintain good hygiene habits.
8 Pharmacopoeia standard of magnesium sulfate 8. 1 product name 8. 1. 1 Chinese name magnesium sulfate
8. 1.2 Chinese pinyin is beautiful in six ways.
8. 1.3 English name magnesium sulfate
8.2 molecular formula and molecular weight MgSO4 7H2O? 246.48
8.3 Calculate the source content of this product after burning to constant weight, and the content of magnesium sulfate should be no less than 99.5%.
8.4 Characteristics This product is colorless crystal; Odorless, bitter and salty; Weathering.
This product is soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol.
8.5 Identification of the reaction between magnesium salt and sulfate in this product (Appendix III, Part II of Pharmacopoeia 20 10).
8.6 Check the pH value of 8.6. 1 Take 5.0g of this product, add 50ml of water to dissolve it, and add 3 drops of bromothymol blue indicator; If it turns yellow, add 0. 10 ml sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.02 mol/L), and the strain turns blue-green; If it is blue-green or green, add 0. 10 ml hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.02 mol/L), and the strain will be yellow.
8.6.2 Solution Clarity Take 2.5g of this product, add 20ml of water, shake until it is dissolved, and the solution should be clarified; If it is turbid, it should not be thicker than the turbidity standard solution number. 1 (appendix ⅸ B of Pharmacopoeia II, 20 10).
8.6.3 Take 0.50g of this product as chloride and check it according to law (Appendix VIII A of Pharmacopoeia II, 20 10). Compared with the control solution made of 5.0ml standard sodium chloride solution, it should not be thicker (0.0 1%).
8.6.4 Weight loss on ignition Take 65438±0.0g of this product, weigh it accurately, dry it at 65438 005℃ for 2 hours, and then burn it at 450℃ 25℃ to constant weight, and the weight loss should be 48.0% ~ 52.0%.
8.6.5 Take 2.0g of iron salt, add 5ml of nitric acid solution (/kloc-0 /→10), boil 1min, let it cool, dilute it to 35ml with water, and check it according to law (Pharmacopoeia II, 20 10 version) and mix it with 3.0ml of standard iron solution.
8.6.6 Take 1.0g of calcium, put it in 100ml volumetric flask respectively, add 5.0ml of dilute hydrochloric acid to 1, dissolve it in water and dilute it to scale, and shake it evenly to serve as the test solution; The other part is added with standard calcium solution (accurately weigh 0. 1250g of calcium carbonate dried to constant weight at 105℃, put it in a 5.0ml volumetric flask, add 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve it, dilute it to scale with water, and shake well to make it contain 0.65448+0ml of calcium. According to atomic absorption spectrophotometry (the second method in Appendix Ⅳ D of Pharmacopoeia Part II, 20 10), it should meet the requirements (0.02%) when measured at the wavelength of 422.7nm.
8.6.7 Take 2.0g zinc salt, add 20ml water to dissolve it, add 1ml acetic acid, and add 5 drops of potassium ferrocyanide test solution. Turbidity is not allowed.
8.6.8 Take 2.0g of this product for heavy metals, add 10ml water to dissolve it, add 2ml acetate buffer solution (pH 3.5) and appropriate amount of water to make 25ml, add 0.5g ascorbic acid to dissolve it, and check it according to law (the first method in Appendix VIII H of Pharmacopoeia 20 10). After 5min, the content of heavy metals shall not exceed one millionth.
8.6.9 Arsenic salt: Take 1.0g of this product, add 23ml of water to dissolve it, add 5ml of hydrochloric acid, and check it according to law (Appendix VIII J of Pharmacopoeia 20 10), which should meet the requirements (0.0002%).
8.7 Content determination Take about 0.25g of this product, weigh it accurately, add 30ml of water to dissolve it, add 10 ml of ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer (pH 10.0) and a little chrome black T indicator, and titrate with disodium EDTA titrant (0.05mol/L) until the solution turns from purple to pure blue. Every 1 ml EDTA titration solution (0.05 mol/l) is equivalent to 6.0 18 mg of magnesium sulfate.
8.8 laxatives and cholagogic drugs.
8.9 Storage and sealed preservation.
8. Preparation of10 magnesium sulfate injection
8. 1 1 Edition People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia 20 10/Edition.
9 magnesium sulfate instructions 9. 1 drug name magnesium sulfate
9.2 English name magnesium sulfate
9.3 magnesium sulfate alias dry magnesium sulfate; Bitter salt; Sulfur is bitter; Diarrhea salt; Laxative salt; Medicinal magnesium sulfate; epsom salts
9.4 classification of nervous system drugs >: antiepileptic drugs > others
9.5 dosage form 1. Injection: 1g( 10ml), 2.5g (10ml);
2. Crystal powder: 500g；;
3. Solution: 3.3g( 10ml).
9.6 pharmacological action of magnesium sulfate 1. Anticonvulsive and spasmolytic effects: After magnesium sulfate injection, magnesium ions can inhibit the excitement of central nervous system, reduce the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction, reduce the sensitivity of motor neuron endplate to acetylcholine, produce sedative effect, relieve or reduce the contraction of striated muscle, and also reduce intracranial pressure, which has preventive and therapeutic effects on eclampsia. Magnesium sulfate can also inhibit the action potential of uterine smooth muscle cells and reduce the frequency and intensity of uterine contraction, so it can be used to treat premature delivery.
2. Diarrhea-inducing effect: oral magnesium sulfate absorbs less, introduces water into the intestinal cavity, and the accumulation of liquid in the intestinal cavity leads to abdominal distension and intestinal peristalsis, thus playing a cathartic role. At the same time, magnesium sulfate promotes the release of cholecystokinin from intestinal wall, which leads to the aggravation of diarrhea.
3. Choledocholithiasis: Low dose of magnesium sulfate can cause duodenal mucosa to relax and gallbladder to contract, strengthen bile drainage, promote gallbladder emptying and play the role of choledocholithiasis.
4. Effect on cardiovascular system: Excessive magnesium ions can directly relax the smooth muscle of peripheral blood vessels, causing disturbance of sympathetic ganglion impulse transmission, thereby dilating blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. In addition, intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate can prolong the effective refractory period of cardiac conduction system, increase the threshold of ventricular fibrillation, make myocardial repolarization uniform, reduce or eliminate reentrant excitation, which is beneficial to the control of rapid ventricular arrhythmia. Inhibit the autonomy of sinoatrial node, inhibit the conduction of sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrium and ventricle, activate Na+K+ATPase and block potassium and calcium channels through magnesium ions, and inhibit various arrhythmias caused by triggered activity and reentry mechanism.
5. Anti-inflammatory and detumescence: 50% magnesium sulfate solution is applied to the affected area for external use, which has the effect of anti-inflammatory and detumescence. It can also inhibit uterine contraction.
9.7 Pharmacokinetics of magnesium sulfate: magnesium sulfate is absorbed about 20% orally, and takes effect about 65438±0h hours, lasting1~ 4 hours, and takes effect almost immediately after intravenous injection, lasting about 30 minutes; It takes effect about 1 hour after intramuscular injection and lasts for 3 ~ 4 hours. The effective serum magnesium concentration for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia is 2 ~ 3.5 mmol/L, and that for premature delivery is 2. 1 ~ 2.9 mmol/L, which is quite different among individuals. After intramuscular injection or intravenous injection, it is excreted through the kidney, and the excretion rate is related to blood magnesium concentration and glomerular filtration rate. A certain osmotic pressure is formed in the intestine, so that a large amount of water stays in the intestine and the intestine wriggles and excretes. It is difficult to be absorbed in the intestine, and a small amount of Mg2+ is absorbed and excreted from the urine.
9.8 Indications of magnesium sulfate 1. Magnesium sulfate injection is often used for pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, preeclampsia and eclampsia. It can also be used to treat premature delivery.
2. It can be used for preventing and treating hypomagnesemia, especially acute hypomagnesemia with symptoms such as muscle spasm and tetany. It is also used for total intravenous nutrition to prevent magnesium deficiency.
3. It is used to prevent ventricular tachycardia, including torsade de pointes and ventricular fibrillation, and is also effective for ventricular tachycardia caused by digitalis and quinidine poisoning.
4. It is also used for patients with frequent angina pectoris and poor therapeutic effect, especially for patients with hypertension.
5. It can also be used for convulsion, uremia, tetanus, hypertensive encephalopathy and acute renal hypertensive crisis.
6. Oral use for catharsis and duodenal drainage, and for the treatment of constipation, abnormal intestinal fermentation, biliary colic, obstructive jaundice and chronic cholecystitis.
7. External application of hot compress can reduce inflammation and swelling.
8. Remove the toxin in the intestine and the catharsis effect after some drugs for expelling intestinal worms, and make one, two, three * * or kaisai dew for various constipation. Mainly used for constipation, abnormal intestinal fermentation, catharsis after taking anthelmintics, and combined with medicinal charcoal to treat food or drug poisoning; It is also used for preoperative intestinal preparation, radiological examination and fibercolonoscopy.
9. It is mainly suitable for rapid ectopic arrhythmia caused by digitalis poisoning, and torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia caused by QT interval prolongation caused by Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs, and has better curative effect on hypomagnesemia patients.
Contraindications of 9.9 magnesium sulfate 1. Heart block.
2. Myocardial injury.
3. Severe renal insufficiency, creatinine clearance rate less than 20ml per minute.
4. Patients with intestinal bleeding.
5. Menstrual women.
6. Patients with acute abdomen and pregnant women are forbidden to use magnesium sulfate for catharsis.
7. It is forbidden to induce diarrhea when central depressants are poisoned, and it is forbidden to use it with ganglion blockers.
9. 10 Precautions 1. (1) Renal insufficiency leads to reduced magnesium excretion, magnesium accumulation and magnesium poisoning. (2) Respiratory diseases, especially respiratory insufficiency. (3) Severe cardiovascular disease.
2. Effect of drugs on pregnancy: Intravenous injection can quickly enter the fetal blood stream through the placenta, so that the fetal blood concentration is equal to that of the mother, and the effect of magnesium on the fetus is the same as that of adults. Therefore, magnesium sulfate should not be used within 2 hours before delivery (unless magnesium sulfate is the only drug to treat eclampsia).
3. Effect of drugs on diagnosis or test value: When 99mTc colloidal sulfur is used in the development of mononuclear phagocyte system, magnesium sulfate can agglutinate 99mTc colloidal sulfur, which will accumulate in lung blood vessels and enter liver, spleen and bone marrow.
4. Check or monitor before and after medication: (1) Regularly monitor electrocardiogram: (2) Renal function; (3) Blood magnesium concentration; (4) Knee tendon reflex test, if knee tendon reflex has been obviously inhibited before repeated administration, it is not necessary to give it again; (5) Breathing frequency should be measured before medication. If it is less than 16 times per minute, it should be reduced or even stopped; (6) Blood pressure should be monitored during intravenous injection or continuous drip.
5. Magnesium is mainly excreted by the kidney, and should be reduced as appropriate when renal insufficiency occurs. The elderly may have decreased renal function, so the dosage should be reduced as appropriate.
6. Before taking the medicine, you should know the patient's cardiopulmonary condition. Cardiopulmonary toxicity, especially respiratory depression, is the most dangerous adverse reaction of magnesium sulfate injection, which can quickly reach fatal respiratory paralysis. Before taking the medicine, the breathing frequency should be kept at least 16 times per minute.
7. Magnesium sulfate is a hypertonic laxative, which can promote sodium retention and cause edema. When taking central depressants to induce diarrhea, we should avoid using magnesium sulfate and use sodium sulfate instead.
8. When calcium is deficient, magnesium should be supplemented first, and then calcium should be supplemented.
9. Diarrhea usually occurs within 2 ~ 8 hours after taking the medicine, so it is advisable to take it on an empty stomach in the morning and drink plenty of water to accelerate diarrhea and prevent dehydration.
10. Common hypermagnesemia can be seen in intravenous application and oral application as laxatives and cholagogic drugs, especially in cardiac insufficiency. Generally, when the plasma magnesium concentration exceeds 2mmol/L, clinical manifestations can appear. Including skin flushing, thirst, decreased blood pressure, fatigue, disappearance of tendon reflex, respiratory depression, arrhythmia, ECG showing prolonged PR interval and widened QRS wave, and even cardiac arrest. Coma, hypothermia
1 1. treatment of hypermagnesemia: calcium gluconate injection 10 ~ 20 ml can be used for intravenous injection, and dialysis treatment can quickly remove magnesium ions from the body. Correct the body's low volume state, increase urine volume and promote magnesium excretion. There is also subcutaneous injection of physostigmine injection, but it is not used as a routine application. In case of acute magnesium poisoning, the drug should be stopped immediately, artificial respiration should be carried out, and calcium should be injected slowly for rescue.
12. Patients with ulcer or gastrointestinal injury should pay attention to magnesium ion poisoning, which is characterized by respiratory depression, disappearance of knee tendon reflex and decreased urine output.
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9. 1 1 magnesium sulfate adverse reactions 1. Excessive electrolyte can lead to electrolyte imbalance and hypermagnesemia, followed by arrhythmia, insanity, muscle spasm, fatigue and weakness. It can even lead to respiratory depression, a sharp drop in blood pressure and cardiac arrest.
2. Taking a solution with too high concentration or too large dose during catharsis will absorb a lot of water from the tissue, leading to dehydration. Continuous use of magnesium sulfate can cause constipation, and some patients may have paralytic intestinal obstruction, which will get better after stopping the drug. High dose of * * * will increase serum magnesium, which may cause central symptoms, such as numbness, muscle paralysis, arrhythmia and respiratory paralysis.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate often causes hot flashes, sweating, dry mouth and other symptoms. Rapid intravenous injection can cause nausea, vomiting, palpitation, dizziness and nystagmus in some cases, and the symptoms of slowing down the injection speed can disappear.
4. It will cause pain at the injection site, vasodilation and heat sensation.
5. A few pregnant women may have pulmonary edema.
6. It is rare that blood calcium is reduced and hypocalcemia occurs. Magnesium sulfate is bitter and can cause nausea. Excessive intake or high concentration of magnesium sulfate solution during catharsis can make the tissue lose a lot of water and lead to dehydration. Intravenous injection is dangerous, so we must pay attention to the patient's breathing and blood pressure. In case of poisoning, intravenous injection 10% calcium gluconate injection 10ml can be used for rescue.
9. Usage and dosage of 1 2 magnesium sulfate1. (1) Diarrhea: 5 ~ 20g each time, dissolved in 400ml water, taken orally. (2) cholagogic: 2-5g each time, 3 times a day, and prepared into 33% or 50% solution for administration.
2. intramuscular injection: (1) mild pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome: 5g each time, 4 times a day or every 4 hours/kloc-0 times according to the condition. (2) anticonvulsants: 65438±0g each time. (3) Prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia: ① Mild magnesium deficiency: each time 1g magnesium sulfate (4ml, 25% injection), with a total daily amount of 2g. ② Severe magnesium deficiency: 0.03g/kg magnesium sulfate (0.25mmoL/kg magnesium) at a time. (4) Treatment of mild pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: 1 ~ 5g magnesium sulfate was mixed into 25% ~ 50% injection, and the dosage was determined according to the condition, and intramuscular injection was performed at most 6 times a day, and ECG, tendon reflex, respiration and blood pressure were monitored.
3. Intravenous injection: (1) Treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: 1 ~ 2g magnesium sulfate is prepared into 10% ~ 20% injection, and the injection speed is not more than 0. 15g/ min. Intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate can suddenly increase the blood magnesium concentration to near toxic concentration, so it is necessary to strictly control the dose and closely observe respiration, tendon reflex and electrocardiogram. (2) Severe pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome: firstly, intravenous injection of 2.5 ~ 4g, diluted with 5% glucose injection, slowly injected (more than 5min), with the maximum amount of 4g, and then maintained by intravenous drip, with the drip rate of 2g per hour or 0.03g/kg per hour according to the body weight, and the daily total amount can reach 30g, with knee tendon reflex, respiration and urine volume as monitoring indicators. (3) Treatment of torsade de pointes: 2g was injected for the first time for more than 2min. After that, 0.003 ~ 0.02 g was continuously injected intravenously every minute.
4. Intravenous drip: (1) Mild pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome: drip at the rate of 1.5 ~ 2g per hour and 15g per day. (2) Severe pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome: See related contents of intravenous injection. (3) anticonvulsant: intravenous drip, each time 1 ~ 2.5g, diluted to 1% with 5% glucose injection before use. (4) Prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia: 2.5g of magnesium sulfate was dissolved in 5% glucose injection or sodium chloride injection and slowly dripped for 3h. (5) Total intravenous nutrition, giving magnesium sulfate 0.03 ~ 0.06 g/kg per day according to body weight. (6) Treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: 4g of magnesium sulfate is added into 250 ml of 5% glucose injection or sodium chloride injection, and the dropping speed is less than 4ml per minute. Treatment of constipation: use * * * or Kaisailu liquid.
5. It can be used for rapid ectopic arrhythmia caused by digitalis poisoning and torsade de pointes caused by QT interval prolongation caused by class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs, and has good curative effect on hypomagnesemia patients: 10% ~ 25% magnesium sulfate 20ml, 1 fold dilution, slow intravenous injection, intravenous drip again, 25% magnesium sulfate 20ml(5g). The effect is quick, but the duration is short.
9. 13 If drug interaction must be applied, it should be considered that its interaction may lead to respiratory depression, and artificial respiration facilities should be prepared.
1. magnesium sulfate can eliminate renal damage caused by cisplatin.
2. When magnesium sulfate is used, digital patients may have severe heart block or even cardiac arrest.
3. At the same time, intravenous injection of calcium can antagonize the anticonvulsant effect of magnesium sulfate.
4. Magnesium sulfate can antagonize ventricular arrhythmia caused by aminophylline.
5. The simultaneous use of magnesium sulfate and adrenergic β receptor agonist ritodrine increases cardiovascular toxicity.
6. Magnesium sulfate can reduce the absorption and concentration of griseofulvin in blood.
7. The combination of oral adsorption antidote and medicinal charcoal can reduce the absorption of poisons and accelerate excretion.
8. Magnesium sulfate can form insoluble and nontoxic barium sulfate with barium chloride, which is used to treat oral barium chloride poisoning.
9. When it is combined with oxytetracycline, gatifloxacin and norfloxacin, it can form an unabsorbable complex, reduce the absorption level of the latter and reduce the whole body blood concentration of the latter.
10. Magnesium sulfate can reduce the uterine effect of oxytocin.
1 1. magnesium sulfate can reduce renal excretion of quinidine, and its mechanism may be related to urine alkalization.
12. Because the red tube medicine contains quercetin, it can form a chelate with Mg2+, and the curative effect of the former decreases when they are used together.
13. When it is combined with Niuhuang Xiaoyan Pill, the trace sulfuric acid produced by the decomposition of magnesium sulfate can oxidize arsenic sulfide contained in sulfur and increase its toxicity.
14. The drugs that are contraindicated to be compatible with magnesium sulfate are polymyxin B sulfate, streptomycin sulfate, calcium gluconate, dobutamine hydrochloride, procaine hydrochloride, tetracycline, penicillin and naxacillin.
9. 14 Expert comment: Magnesium ion can directly inhibit the action potential of uterine smooth muscle, inhibit the contraction of uterine smooth muscle, reduce the frequency and intensity of uterine contraction, and can treat premature delivery. Magnesium sulfate can also inhibit the central nervous system, relax vascular smooth muscle, dilate spasmodic peripheral blood vessels and lower blood pressure, so it has therapeutic and preventive effects on eclampsia. See magnesium valproate. Magnesium preparation has a good effect on tachyarrhythmia and torsade de pointes caused by digitalis poisoning. Some people think that magnesium sulfate can be the first choice for torsade de pointes. It can be partially converted to atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, and may be effective for refractory ventricular premature beats with poor efficacy of various antiarrhythmic drugs, especially for patients with hypomagnesemia.
10 magnesium sulfate poisoning magnesium sulfate (bitter sulfur, laxative salt) has different pharmacological effects due to different routes of administration, including oral catharsis (5-20g each time) and cholagogic (2-5g each time, 3 times/d); Injection (intramuscular injection 1 time lg, intravenous injection 1 time 1 ~ 2.5g) can calm and relieve spasm, relax skeletal muscle, dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure; Hot compress and external application can diminish inflammation and reduce swelling.
Patients poisoned by central depressants (such as phenobarbital) should not use this product to induce diarrhea so as not to aggravate central depression. The LD50 of mice was 0.3 1g/kg. The LD50 of rats was 0.223g/kg. [ 1]
Clinical manifestations of 10. 1 [1]
1. If you take a large amount of this drug solution with too high concentration during catharsis, you may absorb a lot of water from the tissue, leading to dehydration.
2. Too much or too fast intravenous injection will cause poisoning. When the serum magnesium concentration reached 4mmol/L, the deep tendon reflex disappeared. When it reaches 4 ~ 7 mmol/L, drowsiness, bradycardia, hypotension, weakened intestinal peristalsis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary retention, skin vasodilation, etc. When it reaches 10 mmol/L, rhabdomyoparalysis and respiratory depression occur. When it reaches 15mmol/L, the heart stops beating. Electrocardiogram showed prolongation of PR and QT intervals, and indoor conduction block, similar to the effect of hyperkalemia.
Diagnostic points of 10.2 magnesium sulfate poisoning are [1]:
There is a history of magnesium sulfate application, and the above performance appears.
10.3 the key points of treating magnesium sulfate poisoning are [1]:
1. After taking too much magnesium salt orally, you can induce vomiting, gastric lavage and drink plenty of water.
2. In case of poisoning symptoms (such as respiratory muscle paralysis), 10% calcium gluconate injection 10ml can be used for intravenous injection. If necessary, repeat the application after 2 hours.
3. subcutaneous injection of physostigmine 0.5 ~ 1 mg has therapeutic effect on respiratory and circulatory failure caused by magnesium poisoning.
4. Intravenous administration of 5% glucose saline can promote the excretion of magnesium salt and maintain the balance of body fluids.