Background of RMB issuance:
RMB (abbreviation: RMB; Currency code: code Currency symbol:? ) is the legal tender of People's Republic of China (PRC). This coin was issued by the People's Bank of China, 1948 12 1 for the first time, and a new version was released at19991,forming a variety of banknotes, coins, plastic banknotes, ordinary commemorative coins and precious metal commemorative coins.
Rmb is what we call cash and cash, and each of us has to deal with it almost every day, such as shopping and paying utilities. How did RMB get into your hands? Maybe you will blurt out: it belongs to the bank. Indeed, the RMB circulating in society is issued by banks. However, the renminbi is not printed and distributed indiscriminately, and its issuance is based on a certain basis.
Basis of RMB issuance:
Issuing RMB is one of the three functions of the People's Bank of China, and it is a right granted by the People's Bank of China. According to the needs of economic and social development, the People's Bank of China put forward the design contents of the new version of RMB, including design ideas, denomination, patterns and specifications. After being approved by the State Council, the distribution plan is put forward every year according to the needs of national economic development. Approved by the State Council, the qualified products printed by the organization are used as the issuing fund of the People's Bank of China and kept by the issuing bank established by the People's Bank of China. With money, you don't have to pay as much as you want. Too much or too little will have different degrees of impact on economic development and people's lives. Currency issuance is organized and planned, and the principle of "economic issuance, planned issuance and highly centralized and unified issuance" is adhered to.
The issuance and circulation process of RMB;
The People's Bank of China issues RMB through cash receipts and payments from financial institutions that handle RMB deposits. The People's Bank of China does not directly put RMB into the society, but through financial institutions that can handle RMB deposit and withdrawal business (hereinafter referred to as financial institutions) as intermediaries. When the counter cash of a financial institution is insufficient, cash can be withdrawn from the balance of its deposit account in the local people's bank, so RMB flows from the issuing bank into the business bank of the financial institution, which is the issuance process of RMB. At this point, the RMB has entered the circulation field, and the nature of the RMB has also undergone a fundamental change-from issuing funds to cash. When the cash income of the operating warehouse exceeds the approved inventory limit, the excess will be sent to the People's Bank of China for issuance, and the cash will be converted into issuance funds. For the financial institutions in the area where the county-level issuing branches are revoked, they should go to the central treasury set up by their superior institutions to handle the deposit and withdrawal business or handle it as an agent.
The People's Bank of China regulates the total circulation, regional structure, seasonal structure and bond structure of RMB through the right to issue currency. The People's Bank of China keeps and allocates RMB-issued funds by setting up a general bank, key banks and sub-banks, so as to meet social needs and support economic development.
History of RMB issuance:
The first set of RMB1948 65438+February1-1953 65438+February was issued one after another. *** 12 denomination 62 edition, of which, 1 yuan coupons are 2, 5 yuan coupons are 4, 10 yuan coupons are 4, 20 yuan coupons are 7, 50 yuan coupons are 7, 100 yuan coupons are 6, 200 yuan coupons are 5 and 500 yuan coupons are 6,/kloc-.
The second set of RMB1955 March1-1962 was issued one after another on April 20th. The State Council issued an order on February 2 1, 1955, and decided that the People's Bank of China would issue the second set of RMB and recover the first set of RMB from March 1955. At that time, the influence of the war on the national economy had been eliminated, industrial and agricultural production was rapidly restored and developed, commodity economy was increasingly active, and market prices were stable. On the basis of balance of payments, the national finance has been unable to make ends meet for several years, and the national commodity inventory and gold reserve have also increased year after year. The monetary system has been consolidated and improved accordingly, and an independent and unified monetary system has been established. However, due to the legacy of inflation for many years before liberation, the first set of RMB has a large denomination (up to 50,000 yuan) and a low unit value. When calculating the circulation link, it is not conducive to commodity circulation and economic development, and it brings great inconvenience to people's lives. In addition, due to the limitations of material and technical conditions at that time, the first set of RMB was poor in paper quality, with a variety of coupons (62 kinds), a single text description and serious face damage.
The third set of RMB1962 was issued on April 20th-197465438+1October 5th. At that time, after three consecutive years of economic difficulties, under the guidance of the Party Central Committee's eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement", China overcame many difficulties and vigorously developed production, so that the national economy began to recover and? With the development of the third set of RMB, the country's financial situation has gradually improved. With the approval of the State Council, in order to promote the development of industrial and agricultural production and commodity circulation, the People's Bank of China began to issue the third set of RMB 1962 on April 20th. The exchange rate of the third set of RMB and the second set of RMB is 1: 1, that is, the denomination of the third set of RMB and the second set of RMB tickets are equivalent, and they are mixed and circulated in the market.
The fourth set of RMB1987 was issued on April 27th-1998 on September 22nd. The fourth set of RMB is issued with the development of economy, the increase of retail sales and the increase of money demand. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China's national economy has developed rapidly, the urban and rural commodity economy has become increasingly active, and the retail sales of social commodities have increased substantially. In this way, not only the total amount of money issued is required to adapt, but also the structure of securities is required to adapt. In order to meet the needs of economic development, further improve China's monetary system and facilitate circulation and transaction accounting, on April 25th, 1987, the State Council issued an order to issue the fourth set of RMB, instructing the People's Bank of China to issue the fourth set of RMB one after another from April 27th. The fourth set of RMB includes six main currencies, including 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan and 100 yuan, three auxiliary currencies, including 1 corner, 2-corner and 5-corner, and nine main and auxiliary currencies.
The fifth set of RMB 1999 will be issued after September 28th. Since the reform and opening up, with the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the socialist market economy, the social demand for cash is also increasing. The objective situation of economic development puts forward new requirements for the quantity and quality, total amount and structure of RMB. The design and printing of the fourth set of RMB were limited by the conditions at that time, and there were some shortcomings, such as simple anti-counterfeiting measures, which were not conducive to the anti-counterfeiting of RMB; Lack of machine-readable performance is not conducive to the automatic processing of banknotes and so on. These all need to issue a new version of RMB in time.
Ordinary commemorative coins are limited-edition RMB with a specific theme. The People's Bank of China issued the first set of 65,438 to 0,984 ordinary commemorative coins, and has issued 63 sets of 75 ordinary commemorative coins, with a total circulation of about 850 million. These commemorative coins are rich in themes, unique in design, diverse in specifications and materials, novel and beautiful in design, with denominations ranging from 1, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10, 50 yuan, and 100, which condense the brilliant achievements and major historical events of the people of China for more than 50 years into a square inch commemorative coin. These commemorative coins are an important part of the RMB series, enriching and perfecting China's monetary system, carrying forward China's monetary culture, and constantly exploring and innovating, which has played a positive role in promoting commodity circulation and economic development and expanding foreign exchanges.