Original text:
The word [1] takes the realm as the top. If you have a realm, you will be unique and have your own famous sentences. Ci in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty is unique here.
[2] There are creative environment and writing environment, which are divided into two schools: "idealism" and "realism". But it is difficult to distinguish the two, because the environment created by great poets must conform to nature, and the environment written must also be adjacent to the ideal.
(3) whether there is my site. "Tears ask the flowers to be speechless, and the red flies over the swing." "It's like a lonely pavilion in spring and a cuckoo falling in the sunset." There is my place. There is no place for me to "pick chrysanthemums under the east fence and see Nanshan leisurely" and "cold wave starts and Bai Niao falls leisurely". If you have my own environment, you can see things with me, so everything is my color.
Without me, we look at things in terms of things, and we don't know what is mine and what is physical. The ancients wrote ci, and many people wrote my realm. However, you can't write the realm of no self until the beginning, which can be neutral to heroes.
[4] Without me, people can only get it in silence. If you have my place, you will get it when you are quiet. Therefore, one is beautiful and the other is magnificent.
(5) Things in nature are interrelated and mutually restricted. However, when it is written in literature and art, its relationship must have certain limitations. Therefore, realists are also ideal homes. No matter how fictional the realm is, its material must come from nature and its structure must come from the laws of nature. Therefore, idealists are also realists.
[6] Realm is not only a landscape, but also one of the realms in people's minds. Therefore, what can describe the true feelings of the scene is called the realm. Otherwise, it is called boundless.
[7] "The branches of red apricots are noisy in spring", with the word "noisy", the realm is exhausted; "Clouds break through the moon to make a shadow", with the word "de", the realm is gone.
[8] There are big and small realms, and the pros and cons are not divided by what is right. "Fish comes out in the drizzle, and the swallow leans in the breeze". Why not "the flag of sunshine falls and the wind rustles in A?vagho?a"? "A small silver hook is hung on the curtain", why not "the fog loses its tower and the moon crosses the maze"?
[9] Yan Canglang's "Poetry" said: "The princes in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are only interested, and the antelope hangs on the corner, and there is no trace to be found. Therefore, its beauty is beautiful and delicate, and it cannot be combined, such as the voice in the air, the color in the phase, the shadow in the water, and the image in the mirror. "
I said that the characters before the Northern Song Dynasty were all the same. The so-called "interest" of Canglang and the so-called "charm" of Ruanting are just their appearance. If I choose the word "realm" to explore their origins.
[10] Taibai Chun wins by the weather. "Sunset in the west wind, the tomb of the Han family", a few big characters, then closed the eternal landing mouth. Only Fan Wenzheng's Pride of the Fisherman and Xia Yinghong's Xi Qian Ying are available in later generations, but the weather is not enough.
[1 1] Fei Qing's word "deep and beautiful", I say these four words are only enough for Feng. Liu Rongzhai said that "Fei Qing is exquisite and unique" and close to his ear.
[12] "painted gold partridge", Fei Qing also said that its words are similar. The oriole dialect on the string is similar to its own words. If you want to find it in words and expressions, just "try to make up with tears", almost.
[13] The subject word "Han sells residual green leaves, while the west wind worries about green waves" in the Southern Tang Dynasty has an unsightly beauty. It is not easy to understand people, because he is the only one who respects him in ancient and modern times.
[14] Wen Feiqing's handwriting is also beautiful; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Shiguang's writing is also beautiful.
[15] When the word came to Li Houzhu, the vision began to widen and the feelings began to deepen, so it became a musician's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word. Zhou Jie was placed under Wen and Wei, which was a reversal of black and white. "Naturally, people hate that water is longer than the east", "running water is lighter than spring, and it is heaven and earth", "Jin Quan" and "Huanhua" can have this atmosphere!
[16] Poets never lose their childlike innocence. Therefore, being born in the palace and growing up in the hands of women is the weakness of the late master as a gentleman, which is also the strength of the poet.
[17] It is impossible for an objective poet to read more about the world. The deeper he read about the world, the richer and more varied the materials. So are the authors of Water Margin and Dream of Red Mansions. Subjective poets don't have to read more about the world. The shallower they look at the world, the more real their temperament is, and so is Li Houzhu.
[18] Nietzsche said that all literature loves to write with blood. The words of the late Lord are really so-called people written in blood. Emperor Song Daojun's "Yanshan Pavilion" is also slightly similar. But the Taoist monarch is only a relative of his own life experience, so the Lord means that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind, with different sizes.
[19] Although Feng's ci did not lose the wind of the Five Dynasties, it greatly opened the atmosphere of the Northern Song Dynasty. The subject words of "harmony" and "post-harmony" are outside the scope of Huajianji, so it is not appropriate to say anything about them in Huajianji.
[20] In addition to dozens of poems in Happy Magpie Treading on Branches and Bodhisattva Man, the words "the magpie on the high tree takes the nest, and the grass in the next month is cold" in the poem are said to be the "firefly over the pavilion" in Suzhou and the "phoenix tree" in Xiangyang, which can't get through Meng.
[2 1] Ou Jiu's "Huanxisha" used the word "Qingyang Building swings out", and Chao Buzhi said that there was only one word "out", which later generations could not understand. I say this comes from the word "painting the wall outside the willow" in the upper cup, but European is particularly skillful.
[22] Mei Yu Sheng's "Su Mu Zhe" words: "Pear blossoms are in spring, the sunset is everywhere, and the blue smoke is old." Liu Rongzhai said that he has traveled little all his life, and it seems that he specializes in this aspect. I said that Feng's poem "Spring on the Jade Tower" said: "Our second appearance is continuous, and no place is full of love. If you respect the past, you will return to spring. Don't worry about hurting your eyebrows. " Uncle Yong seems to have been engaged in this kind of research all his life.
[23] As we all know, the crimson lips in the quiet river, the beautiful curtains in the Soviet Union, and uncle Yong's youth tour are the unique tunes for singing spring grass, but I don't know who can capture the soul of spring grass before the word "drizzle wet streamer".
[24] The poem "Shi Pin" impressed me the most. Uncle Tong Yan's "last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon", which means quite close. But once it falls, it will be miserable.
[25] "I looked around and was dumbfounded." Poets are also worried about life. Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I climbed the stairs alone and looked at the horizon. "Driving all day, I can't see what I want", and the poet is also worried about the country and the people. "A hundred herbs and a hundred flowers are cold food roads. Whose tree is the fragrant car?"
[26] Those who succeed in ancient and modern times must go through three realms when asked by universities. "Last night, the west wind withered trees, and I went to the tall building alone to look at the horizon." This is the first place. "Clothes are getting wider and wider, and I am thin for Iraq. I don't regret it." This is also the second situation.
"The crowd looked for him for thousands of Baidu, and when I turned around, I saw that man was in a dim light", which was also the third place. None of these words are big words. However, Yan and the European public must not interpret these words in this way.
[27] Uncle Yong said, "There is infatuation in the world, and this resentment has nothing to do with romantic affairs." "It was easy to see all the flowers in Los Angeles at first, and it was easy to separate from the east wind." Because of boldness, it is particularly high.
[28] Feng's "Preface to Sixty-one Selected Songs of Song Dynasty" said: "Huaihai and Xiaoshan are also sad in ancient times, and their shallow words are all delicious." I said Huaihai is the only place to go. Hills are more expensive, but they can drive fields, return to the countryside, and finally compete with Huaihai.
[29] The situation of traveling less is the saddest. When it comes to "the lonely pavilion is closed in spring, the cuckoo is sunset", it becomes sad. Dongpo's appreciation of the latter two languages is still superficial.
[30] "The wind and rain are gloomy, and the chickens crow constantly", "The mountains are steep and high to cover the sun, and it is rainy and gloomy. The snow is endless, and the clouds are raining and pressing into the sky. Trees are in autumn, and mountains and hills are withered. The weather is similar.
[Trinity] Prince Zhaoming called Tao Yuanming's poems "obviously ups and downs, unique and hearty, which is beyond Beijing's reach." Wang responded that Xue Shou's poems were "fantastic in rhyme, wide in meaning and bleak, which is really unspeakable". These two kinds of weather are rare in ci, the former only has Dongpo, and the latter only has white stone, just one or two ears.
[32] The words "elegant" and "positive" are not on the table. Yong Shu and Shao You, despite their rhetoric, have personalities in the end. The beauty of the party lies in the difference between a lady and a geisha.
[33] Beauty is not as far-reaching as Europe and Qin, and it is a first-class author, because it only talks about emotions and things and is highly skilled. But there are many people who hate to create ideas, and few people who are creative.
[34] Words prohibit the use of substitutes. The beauty of "sweet-scented osmanthus flowing tiles" in Jieyu Flower has a wonderful realm, so it is a pity to use "sweet-scented osmanthus" instead of "yue". Under the dream window, more words are used. The reason is not enough and the language is not good. If you cover your heart, you will be at a loss. If you say it beautifully, you won't have to. This kind of "small building with a garden, embroidered hub and carved saddle" tour was also ridiculed by Dongpo.
[35] Shen's "Yuefu Finger Fan" says: "When you say peach, you must use the words" red rain "and" willow waves "; If you can't say' Liu' directly, you must use the words' Zhang Tai' and' Ba An'. " If you're afraid people won't have to substitute words. If you regard it as a job, there are books in ancient and modern times, so you can use words with confidence. It should be ridiculed in the abstract.
[36] Meicheng's "Jade Case" says: "The leaves are dry and rainy, and the water surface is light and round, piece by piece." In this way, you can really get the lotus god. Jue Baishi's "Nian Nu Jiao" and "Cherish the Red Dress" also have the hatred of looking at flowers in the fog.
[37] Dongpo's Water Yong Yang Dialect is like the harmony in the original song; Zhang Zhifu's ci is similar to the original song and rhymes. Talent is not strong, too!
March 8th is the most famous poem written by Dongpo. Bang Qing's "Flying Swallows" came second. Bai Shi's Dimfragrance and Thin Shadow are of high style, but there is nothing to say. How to treat the old saying "A tree on a river hangs upside down"?
[39] Baishi's landscape paintings, such as "Twenty-four Bridges are still there, and the Leng Yue is silent", "Several peaks are bitter, and the rain in Shang Lue is hazy", and "The cicada on the tree at night tells the news of the west wind", although the rhyme is high, it looks like a flower in the fog, separated by a layer. Meixi's illness and Mengchuang's landscape writing are all one word apart. It is impossible to cross the river in the romantic Northern Song Dynasty. Will there really be luck during this period?
[40] Asked about the difference between "separation" and "non-separation", he said: Tao and Xie Shi are inseparable, but slightly separated when prolonging life; Dongpo's poems are not separated, and the valley is slightly separated. The beauty of the words "spring grass grows in the pond" and "empty beams fall in the mud" lies in their non-separation. So are words.
That is to say, the word "one person" is used. For example, there is a cloud in the first half of Ouyang Gong's "Youth Tour Singing Spring Grass": "Twelve are lonely in spring, and the sky is far away. In February and March, Wan Li traveled thousands of miles. " At present, all languages exist, but they are not separated. To the cloud "Xiejiachi, Jiangyan Pupan", it is separated. Baishi's "Cui Lou Fu": "There should be immortals here, holding Suyun Yellow Crane and playing with you.
Looking at the jade ladder for a long time, sighing that the grass is thousands of miles long. "Not separated. To "wine will clear the sorrow, flowers will eliminate the heroic spirit", they will be separated. However, although there was no separation in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was different from before.
[4 1] "If you were born before 100, you will always worry that you are a thousand years old. The days are short and the nights are long. Why not travel by candlelight? " "Taking food as god is often mistaken by medicine. It's better to drink wine with Wan and Su and wait on them. " Write your feelings like this, and you won't be separated. "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely see Nanshan. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. " "The sky is like the sky, and the cage covers the fields. The sky is wild, and the wind and grass are moving to see cattle and sheep. " Writing this scene will not be separated.
[42] The style of ancient and modern poets is as high as white stone. I don't want to exert myself in artistic conception, so I feel that there is no meaning, and the meaning is not as good as that of the first-class author.
[43] The poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, Baishi has a ruthless style, and Jiannan has a spirit but lacks rhyme, which is comparable to the Northern Song Dynasty. The only young one is an ear. Close to the ancestors of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, we can learn the characters of the Southern Song Dynasty, but not the Northern Song Dynasty. People who study the Southern Song Dynasty can't learn how to protect their safety if they don't learn white stone, but learn white stone and dream window.
Those who learn to be young and safe will lead their ancestors to be rough and funny, but they can learn their rough and funny points, not their good ones. The beauty of young security guards lies in their temperament and realm. In other words, in meteorology, there is also the concept of "drifting with the flow". Are the offspring as dirty as possible?
[44] Dongpo's ci is broad and Jiaxuan's ci is extravagant. It is also beneficial to learn from his words without the heart of two people.
[45] When reading Dongpo's and Jiaxuan's Ci, we must observe their elegance and elegance, with the style of Boyi and Liu Xiahui. Although the white stone is like cicada dust, it can't help but squat down.
[46] The madness in Su's and Xin's ci is still lamentable. If Mengchuang, Meixi, Tian Yu, Caochuang and Zhonglu are different in appearance, they all belong to their hometown.
[47] Jiaxuan drank in the Mid-Autumn Festival and wrote "Magnolia Slow" in the form of "Tian Wen" to send the moon: "Poor moon, where to go?" There is another world, and I only saw it there. The situation is the East. " The poet imagined that the reason why the moon goes around the earth was directly understood, and it was amazing to be in close contact with scientists.
[48] Zhou Jiecun said that "the word' stealing' is used in Meixi Ci, which is enough to determine its character." Liu Rongzhai said, "Zhou Zhi swings, and history is greedy." These two words make people understand.
[49] It is said that "the best dream window words, such as water, light, clouds, swaying green waves, caressing infinity, forcing them to find their way." There is no such thing in Yu Lan's A, B, C and D drafts of Dream Window. That's right, that is, "people across the river are in the rain, and the evening breeze leaves autumn grievances."
[50] I have to comment on a sentence in Dream Window: "The dream window is messy and beautiful." Tian Yu's words, I have to comment on one of his words: "Tian Yu is barren."
"The bright moon shines on the snow", "The river flows day and night", "The bright moon hangs in the sky" and "The Yellow River gathers yen" are wonders of the ages. In terms of words, Nalan Rong Ruo's works, such as "A Thousand-shed Lights at Night" in Sauvignon Blanc and "A Thousand-shed Dome Drunk, The Stars are crumbling" in Mengling, are similar.
[52] Nalan Rong Ruo sees things with natural eyes and expresses his feelings with natural language. This is the first time to enter the Central Plains, and it is not influenced by the Han ethos, so it can be true. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has been only one person.
[53] Lu Fangweng's postscript "Flower Collection" said: "In the Tang and Five Dynasties, poetry became humble, but it was simple and lovely. If you can't do this, you can't push it. " The Abstract retorted: "If you can still lift 70 Jin, you can lift 100 Jin, and you can carry it freely." His words are outstanding. However, the predicate must be easy to write, I can't believe it.
Good at Chen Wozi's words: "Song people write poems without knowing them, so there is no poem in Song." However, its joys and sorrows, those that move in the middle but cannot be suppressed, are born in poetry, so they are independent. "Five pronouns are unique because of this.
There are four words in the May 4th Movement, five words in the Chu Ci, seven words in the five words, four words in the ancient poems and four words in the regular poems. Guy's style has been popular for a long time, and he has done a lot of work on it.
It is also difficult for a hero to come up with new ideas from it, so he fled and set himself free. All styles began to flourish and eventually declined because of this. So literature is not as good as before, I can't believe it. But as far as unification is concerned, there is nothing to say.
There are 300 poems, 19 poems, five dynasties, and the Northern Song Dynasty, all of which are untitled. It is not untitled, but the meaning in the poem cannot be exhausted by the title. Hua' an and Caotang each set a topic, and there was no inscription in ancient times. If you look at a beautiful scenery, what about a mountain and a river? Poetry has a topic and poetry dies, and words have a topic and words die. However, a material man in China seldom knows this and is very self-motivated.
[56] Everyone's work, its romance will be refreshing, its scenery will be eye-catching, and its words will blurt out without a delicate makeup. What you see is true, and what you know is deep. Poetry is natural. There is nothing wrong with balancing ancient and modern authors with this.
[57] If a person can't throw a beautiful gift in poetry, can't make a business-like sentence, and can't whitewash words, then he is half successful.
[58] With the splendor of "Song of Eternal Sorrow", the only transfer is the word "two cities in light rain". If Meicun sings, there is no need to do it. The advantages and disadvantages of Bai and Wu can be seen here. Don't write a poem alone, the lyricist must know!
[59] In the modern poetry system, five-character quatrains are the most respected, followed by metrical poems, ranking the lowest. The body is built to express feelings, and the two are inappropriate, almost rhyming. Small sentences in words are like quatrains, and long tunes are like metrical poems. If the long tune is Hundred Characters Order and Qinyuanchun, it is close to arrangement.
[60] A poet must be both inside and outside the universe. Enter it so that you can write; Outside it, we can see it. If you enter it, you will be angry; Beyond it, it is high. Beauty can go in but not out, and Baishi can come down, so these two things have never been dreamed.
The poet must have the intention to despise foreign things, so he can be romantic with slaves. You must have a sense of attaching importance to foreign things, so that you can be happy with flowers and plants.
[62] "I used to be a housewife, but now I'm a slut. If you can't go home, it's difficult for a person to keep an empty bed. " "Why don't you ambitious, according to Jin Lu first? Doing nothing for a long time is poor, and the car feels long. "
It can be described as obscene. However, those who ignore it as obscene and contemptuous words regard it as true. So did the great poets of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty. It is not obscene, but people who read it feel kind and touching; Not contemptible, but full of energy. It can be seen that the disease of foul language is not the disease of foul language, but the disease of wandering words. "If you don't think, the room is far away." Confucius said, "If you don't think, you will have it. How can you have a husband?" I hate swimming.
[63] "Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are smooth and flowing, and ancient roads are sparse. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " This Ma Yuan Dongli's Tian Jing Sha is also a poem. A few words won the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. There is a yuan and a pronoun, and no one can do this.
[June 4] Bai Renfu's drama "Autumn Night Wu Tongyu" is solemn and stirring, and it is the highest in Yuan Dynasty. But the poem "Heaven" is too superficial, not a slave of Jia Xuan. Is it that the creator is easy to work and the career is difficult to be skillful? Is it possible to suppress everyone? Readers' views on European and Qin poems are far less than those on ci, which fully reveals the news.
Extended data
Thorns on Earth is a literary criticism work of Wang Guowei. The thorn in the world was written in 1908 ~ 1909, and was first published in the Journal of China National Cuisine. This work is the author's criticism of China's old literature with a brand-new eye after the baptism of western aesthetic thought.
On the surface, Thorns on the Earth and China have been attacking each other for a long time. There is no obvious difference between the style and format of thorns and other works. In fact, it has begun to form a theoretical system, which can be called one of the few works of old-style poetry.
Even in the past, many people regarded it as a standard and its arguments as the basis of Ci and aesthetics, which had far-reaching influence. Wang Guowei's Human Thorn is one of the most influential works since the late Qing Dynasty.
Wang Guowei used the words of Wen Feiqing, and every sentence was beautiful; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Chongguang's ci is also "beauty", among which Li Yu's ci is highly praised, saying that it is "beauty", Wei Zhuang's ci is called "bone show" and Wen's ci is called "sentence show".
1, the influence of the work
Wang Guowei's Poems on Earth is the most famous poem in modern China. He used traditional words, traditional concepts, terms and thinking logic to naturally integrate some new concepts and methods, and the theoretical problems he summarized have quite universal significance.
This made it have a great influence on the readers of the old and new generations at that time, and it has a lofty position in the history of modern literary criticism in China. Thorns on the Earth has reached a high level in theory and is quite original on some issues.
2. Creative background
Wang Guowei lived in the dark age of China, with foreign invasion, the decline and collapse of the Qing government, social out of control, and disordered value system. People's thoughts are experiencing violent turmoil, and individual life spirit is confused and miserable. Wang Guowei's life has also experienced the painful baptism of the times.
1902, Wang Guowei returned from Japan due to illness. He said he was so weak and melancholy. "The problem of life has always been in my mind, so I decided to engage in philosophical research." The problems in life made him start thinking about philosophy. In philosophy, he dabbled in the philosophy of Kant and Schopenhauer, hoping to reveal the truth of life through philosophy and get rid of the pain and helplessness of life.
But this is not an easy thing. 1907 He lamented: "Philosophically speaking, most lovely people are not credible, and credible people are not cute."
For Wang Guowei, the philosophy of "believable" and "unlovable" is aimed at the phenomenon world, and accurate empirical scientific knowledge can be obtained. This kind of knowledge is credible, but it only states empirical facts and cannot satisfy people's pursuit of the meaning of life, so he feels unlovable. What he pursues is "cuteness" and "credibility".
Unity, which made him fall into the internal tension between metaphysics and scientific positivism in academic circles since modern times, and the conflict and confrontation between irrationalism and positivism. Wang Guowei believes that learning philosophy can solve "the problem of life" and find a way out of life.
However, contrary to expectations, Wang Guowei fell into the dilemma of "loveliness" and "credibility", and he had to give up his philosophical research and find another way out. His academic attention shifted from philosophy to literature in order to find the comfort of life pain in literature and his own realm and goal of life.
In the study of literature, the non-utility of literature itself brought him aesthetic pleasure, so he wrote "thorns on earth"