194 1 12 On February 23rd, China and Britain signed the Sino-British Agreement on Joint Defence of the Burma Road, and the Sino-British military alliance was formed. China established the Chinese Expeditionary Force to support the British army in fighting Japanese fascism in Burma (then British territory) and to defend the southwest rear area of China. This is a model of direct military cooperation between China and its allies, and it is also the first time that Japanese troops have gone abroad to fight since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Since China's army entered Myanmar, the China-Myanmar-India War lasted for three years in March, and China invested 400,000 troops with nearly 200,000 casualties.
The Chinese Expeditionary Force participated in the fighting in the Burma-India theater in World War II.
1942 the first expedition
Yenangyaung won the battle of Tonggu, and Myanmar retreated from North China.
1944 the second expedition
Tengchong Campaign, Songshan Campaign and Longling Campaign in western Yunnan and northern Myanmar.
Battle of Kanghu Mountain Valley, Battle of Meng Gong Valley, Battle of Myitkyina, Battle of Pinmanna.
Battle of Varuban
Set background:
The Chinese Expeditionary Force was organized by the Sino-British military alliance established by the Kuomintang in 194 1. 1939 World War II broke out in Europe. 1940 After the British and French allied forces abandoned their armour and helmets in Dunkirk on June 4th, the British Isles were in jeopardy. Britain hopes to use the great strength of China people's long-term anti-Japanese war to support its military in the Far East colonies, especially Myanmar, India and Malaysia, and save the crisis in the Far East rear area. At the same time, in China, in order to win the final victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it is also necessary to ensure the last international transportation line-the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway. Therefore, from 1940 to 10, Britain first opened the long-blocked Yunnan-Myanmar highway, and then brewed the Sino-British military alliance.
194 1 In the spring of, Britain invited a military delegation from China to visit Myanmar, India and Malaya. After several consultations, on February 23 of the same year, 65438+ Sino-British agreement on joint defense of the Burma Road was signed, and the Sino-British military alliance was established. The Chinese Expeditionary Force was organized according to the Sino-British military alliance.
1942 At the beginning of the year, after Japan invaded Malaysia, it began to invade Myanmar. From March to April, the Japanese army attacked the important town of Mandalay in an attempt to cut off the Burma Road. At this time, China, with the help of Britain, took Du as the commander and under the command of Stilwell, chief of staff of the China-Burma-India Theater, assembled about 65,438+10,000 Chinese expeditionary forces from China to March into Myanmar.
After 1942, the Chinese Expeditionary Force was called the Indian troops of China. Since ancient India was never unified with Assam, British colonists invaded Assam in the18th century and later became a part of British colony British India. After the British troops stationed in Myanmar entered Assam, the Chinese Expeditionary Force was also called the Indian troops stationed in China.
Heroic deeds:
After the outbreak of the Pacific War, 194 1 12 On February 23rd, China and Britain signed the Sino-British Agreement on Joint Defence of the Burma Road in Chongqing, and the Sino-British military alliance was formed.
However, because the British army despised the strength of China's army and overestimated itself, and did not want foreign troops to go deep into their own colonies, it repeatedly delayed and obstructed the Chinese expeditionary force from entering Myanmar, so the Chinese expeditionary force scheduled to enter Myanmar had to stay at the border between China and Myanmar. However, after the Japanese attack on 1942+65438 10 in early October, the British-Burmese army was defeated all the way, and the China army was hastily invited to join the Burmese war. China set up the headquarters of the Expeditionary Force 1 Road Commander (originally the second road was in Vietnam, but it was cancelled due to changes in the situation) and went to the battlefield in Myanmar. However, due to the loss of combat opportunities, Myanmar's defense was defeated. Because Britain insisted on the established strategy of Europe before Asia, once the war situation was unfavorable, it completely lost its interest in defending Myanmar, but retreated again and again, making the Chinese expeditionary force's campaign to defend Myanmar become a campaign to cover the British retreat.
However, the Chinese Expeditionary Force has made achievements that the British and American allies admire and achieved certain strategic goals. From/kloc-0 to March 1942, the Chinese expeditionary force began to fight against the Japanese army, and at the beginning of August, the British Coalition forces withdrew from Myanmar, which lasted for half a year and fought for more than 500 kilometers. They fought bloody battles and suffered repeated defeats, which made the Japanese army suffer a heavy blow rarely seen since the Pacific War, and gave strong support to the British and Burmese troops many times, and won the battles of defending the ancient times, blocking the war in Xiwa, clearing the battle of yenangyaung and recovering the East Branch.
During the first Burma War, there were about 45,000 Japanese casualties, 65,438+3,000 British casualties, and 50,000 Chinese expeditionary forces casualties (mostly in Savage Mountain and Hu Kang River valley).
After the defeat of Myanmar, nearly 3,000 people from the new 38th Division led by Sun Liren, a Chinese expeditionary force, and the new 22nd Division, which later bypassed the Hu Kang River valley, retreated to British India, becoming the basic force of China's troops stationed in India. Under the guidance of Stilwell, Chief of Staff of China Theater, he was trained and reorganized in Ramga Training Camp, and was reorganized into Indian troops in August of 1942, using American aid materials to equip all American equipment, and his combat effectiveness was greatly improved.
At the same time, in view of the importance of Myanmar, China actively planned to counterattack Myanmar, reorganized and trained the second batch of expeditionary forces in western Yunnan, and established the General Command of Chinese Expeditionary Force on February 1943, ready to cooperate with British and American troops to counterattack Myanmar.
1in March, 944, the newly-built 22nd Division and the newly-built 38th Division of the Indian Army occupied Mengguan, annihilated the main force of the most elite18th Division in Japan, and seized its military flag, customs clearance form, a large number of documents and various weapons. Then, the two divisions marched again, assembled and captured Meng Gong, an important town in northern Myanmar, and won again.
Previously, the new 30th Division, 14 Division and 50th Division, which were airlifted from China to India in the spring of 1944 to receive American-made equipment and training, were successively transported to Myitkyina, Myanmar, and then attacked them. After the Battle of Meng Gong, the new 38th Division also marched into Myitkyina. After more than a month of fierce fighting, Myitkyina was finally conquered in early August. Our troops stationed in India have been coming to India one after another, fighting continuously, creating strong enemies repeatedly, and their combat effectiveness has been greatly improved compared with before.
After resting in Myitkyina for about two months, China launched a final attack on the Japanese invaders. The New 1 Army and the New 6 Army attacked Ba Maw in two ways. All the way through, invincible. Subsequently, the new 1 Army successively conquered bhamo and Nankang, and Mangyou near Wan Ding joined forces with the Expeditionary Force in western Yunnan, and the China-India Highway was completely opened. Indian troops stationed in China immediately went south, conquered Lasso on March 8 1945, and joined forces with British troops in Qiao Mei on March 30, ending the counterattack in northern. At this time, due to the failure in the Philippines, the Japanese army shrank its front and all withdrew from Myanmar. At this point, the war in Myanmar has all ended.
The battle lasted for one and a half years, and the Japanese army killed more than 48,000 people, the Indian troops stationed in China killed more than10.8 million people, and the Chinese Expeditionary Force killed more than 40,000 people.
Since China's army entered Myanmar, the China-Myanmar-India War lasted for three years in March, and China invested 400,000 troops with nearly 200,000 casualties. The Chinese Expeditionary Force wrote a very tragic stroke in the history of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression with its blood and life.
Tengchong campaign:
1In May, 944, the 20th Army of the Chinese Expeditionary Force crossed the Nujiang Natural Barrier with six divisions and launched an all-out attack on the Japanese army that occupied Tengchong, a strategic fortress in western Yunnan, for two years. The siege of Tengchong lasted for 42 days, and the expeditionary force annihilated more than 3,000 Japanese troops and recovered Tengchong with great victory. In the battle, more than 9000 soldiers of the group army died heroically. The victory of Tengchong War strongly promoted the victory of the battlefield in Yunnan and Burma, and wrote a glorious page in the history of China's anti-fascist war, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's history and the world's history.
From 1944, May 1 1, the 20th Army of the Expeditionary Force crossed the Nujiang River in September 14 and captured Tengchong City, which lasted 127 days. More than 40 battles were fought, and 4 enemy officers and more than 60 soldiers were captured. More than 65,438+000 officers and more than 6,000 soldiers killed the enemy's Major General Commander and Tibet Commander Major General Kang Mei. 7 field guns, 6 infantry guns, 0/0 mortars, 0/9 heavy machine guns, 47 light machine guns, more than 0/000 foot guns, more than 20 cars and 25 wired and wireless motors were seized. Our expeditionary force also suffered casualties 1.234 officers and 1.7075 soldiers, which shows the arduous and tragic battle of Tengchong and the patriotic spirit of the expeditionary force soldiers.
People's support:
Since 1944, when the Expeditionary Force began to counterattack, the anti-Japanese county government mobilized more than 46,000 migrant workers to transport ammunition and food, build bridges and roads, act as guides, rescue the wounded and engage in reconnaissance. The old, the weak, the women and the children didn't read it. It was they who completed the task of transporting 600 thousand Jin of rations from Baoshan Hupa. Less than six days before and after, even the expeditionary force and American officers and men praised it as "unprecedented." When there is no food ration, the local people would rather not eat or eat less, and send the cooked food to the front in the rain of bullets.