a preface
Production practice is an essential practical teaching link in the teaching plan of construction engineering specialty, which is the unity of theoretical knowledge and engineering practice. During the internship, I went deep into the construction unit as a builder, took a high-rise residential quarter as an internship place, and participated in the operation internship of the whole construction process of surveying engineering, steel bar engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering and masonry engineering under the guidance of the director of the technical office of the project department, learning the construction technology and construction organization and management methods of each type of work, learning and applying relevant engineering construction specifications and quality inspection and evaluation standards, and learning the treatment methods of technology in the construction process. Successfully completed the 6-day internship task. At the same time, it also lays a good foundation for engineering time after graduation.
II. Overview of the actual practice
The internship site was held in the 7 phase of Wuhan Vanke City Garden, No.1 University Garden Road, Donghu High-tech Development Zone. I observed the safety rules and regulations of the internship unit and the school, and had a high attendance rate. I actively consulted the master workers, were good at finding problems, and used the theoretical knowledge I learned to solve problems with the help of site technicians. Have a very specific understanding of measurement engineering, steel bar engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering, etc., and practice some projects at the same time. During the internship, I completed the internship task and achieved the internship purpose.
III. Overview of the project
1. The project owner: Wuhan Vanke Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Project name: Wuhan Vanke City Garden 7
Sub-project name: Buildings 1 and 2 of Shangdong District 8
2. Construction site: No.1 University Park Road, Donghu High-tech Development Zone
3. Main function: residence
Among them, Building No.1 is composed of a section (18th floor), two sections (9th floor), three sections (6th floor) and four sections (9th floor) ***4 residential sections connected into a whole. Building 2 is a single 18-story point high-rise residential building.
The total construction area of Shangdong Area 8 is 2178.1M2 (excluding the overhead floor construction area of 96.42M2)
Among them, the construction area of Building No.1 is 1523.15M2 (excluding the overhead floor construction area of 96.42m2)
The construction area of Building No.2 is 6576.93M2 (excluding the overhead floor construction area of 91.48M2)
6. The building is fortified according to 6-degree seismic intensity, and the fire resistance rating is Grade II. The waterproofing of multi-layer roof is Grade III, and the waterproofing of high-rise building is designed according to Grade II.
IV. Basic explanation
1. The building positioning coordinates and indoor and outdoor height difference of this project, indoor . is equivalent to the absolute elevation of 28.3M.
2. The dimensions of this construction drawing are in millimeters, except the elevation and general plane positioning dimensions are in meters.
3. unless otherwise specified, the height marked in the construction drawing is based on the building elevation.
4. In this construction drawing, the outdoor elevation of the building is the design elevation, and the specific elevation difference between indoor and outdoor shall be subject to the general construction drawing, and the exterior wall shall be grounded.
the barrier-free design of this project is awakened according to the specification requirements, and the barrier-free design scope includes: roads, residential entrances, passages, elevators and elevator halls in the area. The barrier-free housing suite of this project has been set up in the first phase.
V. Specific participation in the work
I. Survey project
Construction survey directly serves the construction of the project, and its results are not only a criterion for construction and construction inspection, but also an important basis for verifying whether the position, elevation and relationship dimensions of the completed project meet the design requirements.
Floor setting-out:
Because the floor is high, we use the line pendant and theodolite to set the floor axis. Hanging from the upper layer to the lower layer, marking points on the messenger wire hole, checking the squareness of the points with theodolite, marking the line of control with theodolite, and taking the middle cross control point as the reference axis for other axes, measuring out with steel rule and popping up with chalk line. Then according to the size of the wall on the floor plan, measure it with a steel ruler and play it with ink lines.
copy the levelness:
1. Line 5 of the structure:
In order to control the thickness of the concrete, first measure the line 5 from the outer wall of the first floor with a steel ruler and draw it on the column rebar of the shear wall, then copy 5 points to all the shear walls with a level, and draw a point on each shear wall with paint.
2, building 1 meter
building 1 meter, that is, after the horizon is completed, the distance from the ground to the line is 1 meter. First, draw points on the shear wall with a steel ruler of 2.8M from downstairs. Because they are all shear walls, it is not convenient to copy all the 1 meter lines with a level. First, use a level to mark all the points that can be copied, and then use a horizontal tube to copy all the points that have not been copied, and use a chalk line to play.
2. On-site inspection:
There are many problems to be counted at the site, such as recording the place where the swollen column has been chiseled, and checking the verticality of the masonry and the mortar fullness of the mortar joint. The place where the rebar is too long should be recorded. Check the squareness of the ash cake. Supervise the squareness of steel bars, carpentry formwork, concrete pouring by concrete workers, bricklayer's wall building, nail steel wire mesh and ash cake, and manage the civilized construction on site to clean up in time.
VI. Civilized construction
1. Temporary layout:
Temporary buildings and structures, including office buildings, dormitories, canteens, toilets, septic tanks and pools, are all made of bricks, which are required to be stable, safe and tidy, and meet fire control requirements. The dormitory is located in the east of the site, isolated from the working area, with a per capita bed area of not less than 2 square meters, properly separated and moisture-proof. Ventilation. Good lighting performance. According to the regulations, set up power lines, and it is forbidden to connect any cables to electricity. It is forbidden to use electric furnaces and open flames to cook food.
2. Stacking of finished products, semi-finished products and raw materials:
Stack finished products, semi-finished products and raw materials in strict accordance with the positions delineated in the layout plan of the construction organization design, and all materials shall be neatly stacked.
3. site and roads
roads in the site should be smooth, solid and smooth. All main sites should be hard-bottomed, and corresponding safety protection facilities and safety signs should be set up. There are perfect drainage measures in the construction site, and no accumulated water is allowed.
4. transport vehicles:
(1) transport vehicles must be washed before they can leave the field and exercise on the road.
(2), the shipment of building materials, earthwork. Vehicles with construction waste and engineering muck should take effective measures to ensure that they do not pollute roads and the environment during the exercise.
5. On-site health management
(1), define the health responsible person in each area of the construction site.
(2) The canteen must apply for a hygiene license and meet the hygiene standards. The operation of raw food and cooked food should be separated, and there should be a fly-proof room or a fly-proof cover during the operation of cooked food. It is forbidden to use edible plastic products as cooked food containers, and cooks and tea makers must hold valid health certificates.
(3), the construction site should be equipped with a toilet) and a water source for washing. At the same time, a simple septic tank or septic tank should be set up, covered and sprayed regularly, and a special person should be responsible for cleaning it every day.
(4) Set up enough garbage pools and trash cans, do a good job in environmental sanitation regularly, clean up the garbage, and apply pesticides to eliminate the "four pests".
(5), construction waste must be piled up and removed in time. Do it after work.
(6) Tea kiosks and buckets should be set up at the construction site, which should be covered, locked and marked.
(7), summer construction should have heatstroke prevention and cooling measures.
(8), equipped with health care medicine box, purchase the necessary first aid, health care drugs.
6. Site safety and security:
(1) Establish and improve the safety and security system, and implement public security and fire prevention. Person in charge of family planning management.
(2), the construction site is equipped with full-time security personnel, who are on duty day and night, and do well the registration procedures for personnel entering the construction site to prevent outsiders from entering the construction site casually. Vehicles on the construction site must register and enter the site, and they must obey the scheduling arrangement of the site personnel.
(3) Managers and operators on the construction site must wear work cards, indicating photos, names, units, types of work or positions. The labels of managers and operators should be distinguished by colors.
(4) Family members and other people are not allowed to stay at the site.
7. Civilized construction education:
On the construction site, blackboard newspapers and other forms should be used to publicize and educate employees about law and discipline, so that all kinds of construction workers on the construction site can know and understand the law and consciously abide by and safeguard the laws and decrees of the state, improve employees' awareness of law and discipline, and prevent and put an end to illegal activities such as theft, fighting, pornography, gambling and drugs.
VII. Construction organization
1. Construction content
Construction content: column beam, wall, roof structure, water and electricity, fire protection, ground and decoration.
2. Construction procedure
This project takes the main structure as the guide, and other sub-projects are inserted in time, and the operation procedure of three-dimensional cross-flow is adopted for construction. When the columns and beams of the main structure are poured, wall masonry is interspersed, indoor rough plastering construction and hydropower engineering are carried out simultaneously, which is required to be completed after the completion of the main structure, and then the rough decoration, fine decoration construction and indoor fine decoration work of the external wall are started.
3. Construction scheduling
In order to ensure the smooth progress of engineering construction and achieve the goal on time, solve the problems in construction production in time, and convey the project manager's decision quickly and accurately, it is necessary to establish a scheduling system with the project manager as the core, and feed back the opinions of superior functional departments and owners and the problems in construction in time, so as to implement it in time. The operation of the scheduling system is as follows:
(1) Form a scheduling system with the project manager as the core.
(2) Hold regular coordination meetings with the owner, design unit and supervision unit to solve the problems in construction.
(3) Hold a meeting of professional managers every week to understand the progress, cost, plan, quality, safety and civilized construction of the whole project, and extend the scheduling to the operation team leader when necessary.
(4), coordinate the work of each professional foreman. Organize the construction connection of divisional and subdivisional works, interspersed with flow operation reasonably, and ensure the contract period.
(5), supervise and inspect the implementation of the construction plan and the project contract, so that manpower, material resources and financial resources can be put into the project in proportion on a regular basis, and keep it in the best adjustment state to ensure the normal construction and production.
VIII. Construction method of main structure
General arrangement in the first section
Shaving of column roots → column reinforcement, column formwork → beam reinforcement and beam formwork (concrete curing for at least 7 days) →1 Tianzhu formwork removal, 7 days or 28 days beam formwork removal.
Formwork Project in the second quarter
I. Overview
Formwork construction in this project mainly adopts 2-thick plywood and steel-wood mixed support.
second, the beam and slab formwork
are made of plywood, and are fixed by wooden mats and steel pipe back bars.
1. Installation of beam formwork:
(1) Pop up the axis, beam position and horizontal line on the column, and nail the column head formwork.
(2), beam bottom formwork: adjust the elevation of the pillar according to the design elevation, then install the beam bottom formwork, and pull the wire for leveling. When the bottom span of the beam is greater than or equal to 4m, the bottom of the mid-span beam should be arched according to the design requirements. If there is no design requirement, the arch height should be one thousandth to three thousandths of the beam span. When the primary and secondary beams are handed over, the main beam will arch first, and then the secondary beam will arch. The cantilever beam should be arched by .6%.
(3) When the top is below the floor height of 4 .5m, two horizontal tie rods and scissors should be set. When the floor height is above 4.5m, another construction scheme should be made.
(4), beam side template; Install beam side formwork, footplate, brace, etc. according to chalk line. The fabrication height of beam side formwork should be determined according to the beam height and the touch or pressure of floor formwork.
2. Floor formwork
(1) Erect pillars and keels according to the arrangement diagram of the formwork. The distance between the pillar and the keel should be determined in the formwork design according to the concrete weight of the floor and the construction load. Generally, the pillars are 8∽12mm, the spacing between large keels is 6∽12mm, and the spacing between small keels is 4∽6mm. Pillar arrangement should consider setting up construction channels.
(2), adjust the height of the pillar through the line, level the large keel, and erect the small keel.
(3) When laying the formwork, it can be spread from all sides and closed in the middle. If it is blank-pressing, the angle template should be nailed through the line.
(4), after the floor template shop, should carefully check whether the bracket is firm, template beam surface, plate surface should be clean.
3. Beam and formwork support system
The first layer of support adopts φ 48 steel pipe support, and the other layers are supported by steel. The spacing of vertical rods is: beam ≤8mm, plate ≤ 1 mm. For the first-floor frame-supported beam with large cross section, in order to ensure that the concrete is not deformed when pouring, three rows of lower support uprights are erected, in which the distance between the uprights on both sides is @ 6 mm or less and the distance between the uprights is @ 9 mm or less. In addition, considering that it is a concrete column with large cross section, in order to ensure the quality, if the concrete strength of the beam does not reach 1% when pouring the upper concrete, the lower support shall not be removed.
V. Dismantling of formwork
1. The formwork of wall and column and the side formwork of beam must be removed after the concrete of platform and beam is poured for 48 hours.
2. The slab with a width of ≤2.m can only be removed when the conventional curing of the concrete block reaches 5% of the design concrete strength standard value; The slab with a span of 2.m~8.m can only be removed when the conventional curing of the concrete test block reaches 75% of the design concrete strength standard value; The slab with a width greater than 8.m can only be removed after the conventional curing of the concrete block reaches 1% of the designed concrete strength standard value (28 days later); If the beam slab concrete of the previous layer is not constructed, the beam slab bottom formwork of this layer should be supported after being removed.
3. The beam with a span of ≤8.m can only be removed when the conventional curing of the concrete block reaches 75% of the design concrete strength standard value; Beams with a span of more than 8.m can only be removed after the conventional curing of concrete test blocks reaches 1% of the design concrete strength standard value (28 days later).
4. The bottom formwork can only be removed when the conventional curing of concrete blocks reaches 1% of the design concrete strength standard value (after 28 days).
5. The structure of formwork and its support has been dismantled, and it is not allowed to bear the calculated load until the concrete reaches the design strength. It is forbidden to pile up excessive building materials during construction.
reinforcement engineering in the third quarter
1. Reinforcement binding and installation
Before reinforcement binding, carefully familiarize yourself with the drawings, check whether there is any discrepancy between the ingredients list and the drawings, and carefully check whether the size and shape of the finished product are consistent with the blanking list. Binding can be carried out only after verification.
2 # iron wire is used to bind steel bars with a diameter of more than 12, and 22 # iron wire is used to bind steel bars with a diameter of less than 1.
1. The hook of column
(1) and vertical reinforcement should face the center of the column, and the angle between the hook plane of corner reinforcement and the formwork surface should be 45 for rectangular columns. For columns with small cross-section, the angle between the hook and the formwork should not be less than 15 degrees when inserting vibrators.
(2), stirrup joints should be staggered vertically; The corner of stirrups and the intersection of vertical steel bars shall be fastened (the intersection of straight stirrups and vertical steel bars can be mutually quincunx every other root)