The expression of invincible tough guy spirit in the history of literature
Really good works are all about life experience.
Only the spiritual victory can move us and shed tears for its tragic.
One of the hundred classics that have influenced history.
One of the 32 landmark books in American history.
1954 Nobel Prize in Literature.
1986 ideal books recommended by French reading magazines
1952, Hemingway published his best work The Old Man and the Sea. This is a treasure in the treasure house of world literature, and it is also a treasure in all Hemingway's creations.
The book sold amazingly only 48 hours after its publication, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Literature that year. 1954, because Hemingway is "proficient in narrative art, which is highlighted in his new work The Old Man and the Sea; At the same time, due to his influence on contemporary style, Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature. " Every sentence and paragraph should be as concise as possible. "This is one of Hemingway's writing creeds, which makes his works adapted into movies more times than any other winner. When he was announced as the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Literature, critics unanimously called him a good man. " Man can be destroyed, but not defeated. Hemingway's words in The Old Man and the Sea not only touched the readers, but also conquered the critics.
The novel shows Santiago, an old fisherman, under heavy pressure in a realistic way, and this mentally invincible man has become one of the most famous "tough guys" images in literary history. Hemingway himself thinks that The Old Man and the Sea translated into dozens of languages is "the best work that can be written in this life".
The Old Man and the Sea is an idyllic poem. The sea is the sea, not Byronic or Melville, just like Homer's. The writing is calm and moving, just like Homer's poem. A real artist is neither symbolic nor allegorical-Hemingway is a real artist-but any real work of art can exude symbolic and allegorical significance, and so can this short but not insignificant masterpiece.
-Robert Behrensen, American art historian
Hemingway had a strong desire. He tried to impose his views on things on us, so as to shape the image of a tough guy ... When he longed for victory in his dream, there would be a complete victory, a great battle and a happy ending.
-American writer Saul Bellow
Man can fail, but he can't be defeated. The external body can be tortured, but the internal will is sacred and inviolable. This is an argument repeatedly emphasized in The Old Man and the Sea. Real masters express the deepest truth in the simplest language, and real good works are based on the experience of life. "The Old Man and the Sea" depicts the best portrait of Hemingway's life. As Hemingway said, "I have read it more than 200 times, and every time I read it, I get more, as if my life's efforts have finally got what I want."
-Chen Renxiao, a scholar in Taiwan Province Province
Hemingway's works unify the accuracy and conciseness of narration, but the theme is deeply imprinted in the reader's mind. The Old Man and the Sea is the most widely read Nobel Prize in Literature's award-winning work among China readers, and it is also Hemingway's classic.
-Young writer Li Pai
Unforgettable Hemingway
I'm thinking that when something is missing in a person's bones, he will naturally think of Hemingway.
In the early 1980s, I began to read Hemingway. That kind of freshness and surprise, even when I think about it now, still makes me ecstatic and bright as ever. Since then, Hemingway has entered my reading field of vision, and he often reads and is always new. For more than 20 years, the desire to study has always been lingering.
The first book I read was The Old Man and the Sea. As Hemingway himself said, "it is the best work I can write in my life." Before I finished reading this book, the image of the protagonist Santiago was engraved in my mind. This is a novel about the struggle between man and nature. The old man struggled at sea for two days and nights, and finally only won an empty fish rack. The moral of the work is symbolic, although the old man still shines after the defeat. As the old man said, "people are not born to be defeated." People can be destroyed, but they cannot be defeated. " I have always regarded this sentence as Hemingway's confession and a symbol of Hemingway's tough guy spirit. For many years, this seems to be a wise saying.
I have read several different versions of Hemingway's biography and know that he is a writer who loves hunting and fishing. He has been to the battlefields of World War I and World War II. He had 237 shrapnel and 57 stitches in his head. He suffered two plane crashes in Africa, and his severe concussion made his eyesight and health worse and worse.
This is Hemingway. His experience has shaped his tough character. In his novels, themes such as boxing, bullfighting, hunting, fishing and war appear repeatedly, which are symbols of strength. Of course, it is also mixed with alcohol, violence, sex, loneliness and death.
Hemingway let me know how important a person's experience is, which is priceless wealth. No one can belittle his experience.
Today's men are naturally unattainable for Hemingway's life. As a result, people once issued a call to "find a man." A strong and tenacious manly man has become less and less common. The meaning of life lies in a spirit that dares to bear pain and despises death.
I think a writer's fame lies not in how much he writes, but in his unique creation. Hemingway established his position in world literature with his legendary life and a series of tough guy images. Moreover, people can easily distinguish his voice from the group images of literary masters.
Undeniably, what conforms to Hemingway's tough guy spirit is his writing style with distinctive personal characteristics-conciseness and neatness. He gave up irrelevant materials, technical skills, emotional overflow and poor description. As the British writer O Bates said, "He used unprecedented courage to cut off the' loose hair' attached to literature in English." It is said that The Old Man and the Sea has been revised more than 200 times. It could have been written as 1000 pages, leaving only a few dozen pages of short novellas. If it is still more than 1000 pages, it is not Hemingway. Nobel Prize in Literature's history will also erase his name.
Hemingway's charm lies in that he purified the style of writing at that time and set off a "literary revolution". Therefore, he was regarded as a model by many contemporary and later writers and attracted the attention of readers from generation to generation in the world. Its influence, like spring breeze and rain, is lasting.
Hemingway is immortal? I find it difficult to have a writer like Hemingway, whose experience and works have made me read and read again. Because Hemingway is an endless topic.
Hemingway
196 1 On July 2, 2008, Hemingway, a world-renowned literary world, ended his life with his shotgun. The whole world was shocked by this, and people lamented the tragedy of this giant. The American people mourn the death of this important American writer.
Ernest miller hemingway (1899— 196 1) is an American novelist. On July 2 1899, Hemingway was born into a family of doctors in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, USA. His father loved hunting, fishing and other outdoor activities, and his mother loved literature, which had a great influence on Hemingway's later life and creation. After graduating from high school, Hemingway worked as an intern reporter for six months in the Kansas Star in the southwestern United States. This newspaper requires concise and vivid news reports. Hemingway was well trained in the Star.
After Hemingway recovered, he lived in Paris as a reporter for Toronto Star. He is interested in writing, writing novels while working as a reporter. His creation was encouraged and guided by famous novelists at that time. In the past 10 years, he has published many works, the most famous of which is The Sun Also Rises. The Sun Also Rises is Hemingway's first important novel. It is about a group of young Americans who live in France like Hemingway. After World War I, they lost their way forward. The war has caused them great physical and mental harm, and they are very empty, distressed and depressed. They want to do something, but the war makes them confused and the cheating society makes them very disgusted. They can only live in ruins, and American writer Stan called them "the lost generation". This novel is a true portrayal of Hemingway's own life path and world view. Hemingway and a literary school he represents are also called "the lost generation".
After the outbreak of World War I, Hemingway joined the American Red Cross Battlefield Service Team and joined the Italian battlefield with a keen desire to experience the war for himself.
After the war, Hemingway was awarded the Cross Military Medal, Silver Medal and Courage Medal by the Italian government, and was awarded the rank of captain. Along with the honor, there are 237 scars on his body, and he can't get rid of the demonic war memory.
From 65438 to 0929, Hemingway's novels The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms are the best works of the "Lost Generation" literature. Henry, the hero of the novel, is an American youth. He volunteered to fight in Italy. During his injury, he fell in love with Catherine, an English female nurse. Henry worked hard, but in a retreat, he was mistaken for a German spy and almost shot. He had to jump into the river to escape and decided to leave the war. Henry and Catherine fled to neutral Switzerland in order to avoid the pursuit of the military and police. There, they live a happy and quiet life. But soon, Catherine died in childbirth and the baby suffocated. Henry is the only one left in the world. He was heartbroken and wanted to cry. The novel describes the love between Henry and Catherine under the background of the war, and profoundly points out that their happiness and love were pushed to the abyss of destruction by the war.
From 65438 to 0928, Hemingway left Paris and lived in Florida and Cuba in the United States, leading a quiet pastoral life. He often goes hunting, fishing and watching bullfights. But not long after, World War II broke out, and Hemingway could no longer live a quiet life. From 1937 to 1938, he went to the front of the Spanish civil war as a war correspondent. During World War II, he joined the army as a reporter and took part in the battle to liberate Paris.
194 1 After the Pacific War broke out at the end of the year, Hemingway immediately converted his yacht into a patrol boat to spy on the actions of German submarines and provide information for destroying the enemy. 1944, Hemingway accompanied the US military to Europe for an interview. He was seriously injured in a plane crash, but after he recovered, he went deep into the enemy lines to interview. After World War II, he won a bronze medal.
1940, Hemingway published an anti-fascist novel for whom the bell tolls, with the background of the Spanish civil war. The work describes the hero, American youth J?tunheimr, who voluntarily participated in the Spanish people's anti-fascist struggle and was ordered to blow up a strategic bridge at a specified time with the cooperation of a mountain guerrilla. J?tunheimr blew up the bridge and attacked the enemy alone with serious injuries, waiting for him to die. J?tunheimr has a high sense of justice and responsibility, and he is honored and proud that he can devote himself to the anti-fascist struggle. This work is one of the most thoughtful works in Hemingway's mid-term creation. To a certain extent, it overcame and got rid of the feelings of loneliness, confusion and crying, made individuals integrate into society, and showed the lofty spirit of dedication to the just cause.
1952, Hemingway published a novella "The Old Man and the Sea": Santiago, an old fisherman, didn't catch a fish at sea for 84 consecutive days. At first, a boy named Manorine went to sea with him, but after 40 days without catching any fish, the child was arranged by his parents to another boat because they thought it would be unlucky for the child to follow the old man. On the 85th day, the old man rowed the boat away early in the morning. Unexpectedly, he caught a marlin bigger than a boat. The old man struggled with the fish for two days and finally got it. However, the injured fish left a foul smell on the sea surface, which attracted countless sharks to compete for it. The old man struggled with the shark, but when he returned to the port, the marlin had only a huge skeleton left, and the old man fell to the ground exhausted. The child came to see the old man. He doesn't think Santiago has been defeated. That afternoon, San Diego fell asleep in his cabin. He saw a lion in his dream. "A person is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as you can, but you can't beat him. " This is Santiago's life belief and the idea that the author wants to express in The Old Man and the Sea. Through the image of Santiago, the author enthusiastically praised the indestructible spiritual strength of human beings in the face of difficulties and hardships. The child is ready to go out to sea with the old man again. He must learn all the "skills" of the old man, which symbolizes that the "invincible" spirit of mankind will be passed down from generation to generation.
Santiago is the symbol of the perfect man that Hemingway admired: strong, generous, kind and full of love. Even if he fails in the arena of life, he is still a spiritual strong man and a "tough guy" in the face of irreversible fate. "Tough guy" is a common theme in Hemingway's works and a common figure in his works. They are still strong and unyielding in the face of great external pressure and bad luck, and even die. Although they failed, they maintained human dignity and courage and had the demeanor of winners.
Hemingway worked hard all his life. The first thing I do when I get up in the morning is to write. When he writes, there is another habit that ordinary people don't have, that is, standing to write. He said, "I write standing. I stand on one foot." I take this posture, which makes me nervous and forces me to express my thoughts as briefly as possible. "
In 1930s and 1940s, he created an image of an anti-fascist fighter who got rid of confusion and pessimism, fought bravely for the people's interests and died fearlessly, as well as the novel For whom the bell tolls. In 1950s, Santiago was portrayed as a "tough guy image" (masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea 1950) that "you can destroy him, but you can't beat him". Hemingway is the spiritual monument of the American nation.
The 1920s was the early period of Hemingway's literary creation. He wrote In Our Time, Spring Tide, A Man Without Women, and novels The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, etc. During this period, just as the western world behind the social collapse degenerated into the wasteland as Eliot saw, the novel The Sun Also Rises tells the life scenes of a group of young people living in postwar Europe and the profound changes in their spiritual world. Jack Barnes, the hero of the novel, is an American journalist, and the war destroyed his sexual ability. He fell in love with an English nurse, Brett Ashley, and she fell in love with him, but they couldn't be together.
Robert Cohen, an American writer, has many false and romantic fantasies about life. He also falls in love with Brett, but she doesn't like him. This group of young people, after vicissitudes of life, roamed the European continent after the war, doing nothing all day, drinking, quarreling or fighting. The war took away their loved ones and left them with physical and mental wounds. They are extremely disgusted with war, have doubts about justice and traditional values, and are bored, confused and depressed about life. The novel condemns the war from a unique angle and is anti-war. This novel has become a masterpiece of the "lost generation" literary school because it describes the confusion of a generation.
A Farewell to Arms is Hemingway's masterpiece. Taking the anti-imperialist war as the theme, he revealed the historical reasons for the emergence of the "lost generation" and accused the war of destroying people's ideals and happiness, hurting people's hearts and ruining millions of innocent lives. This work reveals the basic characteristics of Hemingway's prose style and "modern narrative art". The plot of the work is simple and pure, the language is unpretentious, the sentences are short and concise, and the environmental description realizes the blending of scenes.
In the 1940s, according to his experiences and impressions in Africa, he wrote Green Hills in Africa, Snow in Kilimanjaro, and published The Short Happiness of Francis Ma Bei. 1932 The publication of Death in the Afternoon praised the famous saying of American architect Rodwig that "less is better", which made the works more refined, shortened the distance between the works and the readers, and put forward the "iceberg principle", which only expressed one-eighth of things, making the works full, implicit and intriguing.
After World War II, Hemingway's creation entered the later period. His masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 for its courage in "the real world full of violence and death". The reason for winning the prize is: "because he is proficient in narrative art, which is prominently reflected in his new work The Old Man and the Sea, and also because of his influence on contemporary style." Hemingway is worthy of this praise. Hemingway's life-long creation left a glorious page in the history of modern literature. He used his own experience to expose the hypocrisy of the authorities and the cruelty of reality, portrayed the confusion of the younger generation in the United States, and his works were full of love for the working people, which made realism gain new glory in the open and inclusive exploration of artistic creation!
After winning the prize, Hemingway suffered from many diseases, which brought great pain to his body and mind. He failed to create more influential works, which made him depressed, formed a negative and pessimistic mood, and finally committed suicide to free himself. This is also a pursuit of Hemingway's "tenacious spirit".