1. Twisting method (longitudinal cutting method)
(1) Baoding: generally, the method of lifting limbs and lying down or the method of lying down with double cramps is adopted. Take the left lying Baoding, and the method is the same as that of reversing the horse. To prevent tetanus, 1, to 2, units of tetanus antitoxin can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
(2) Operation method: routine shearing and disinfection. Cattle testicles are oval, with the longitudinal axis perpendicular to the scrotum, epididymis at the back, epididymal head at the top and epididymal tail at the bottom, so the incision should be located outside the scrotum. Fix the testis with your left hand, hold a knife with your right hand, and cut it along its longitudinal axis (Figure 2
-3a). The incision length is about three-quarters of the testis. The incision should be neat. Squeeze out the testis, separate the common tunica vaginalis, and push it upward. Fix the spermatic cord with hemostatic forceps or pinch the spermatic cord with your left index finger and thumb. Hold the spermatic cord with your right hand and twist it in one direction, first slowly, then quickly, and then twist the spermatic cord to get the lower testis
. Then remove the testicle on the other side in the same way, apply a small amount of iodine tincture to the broken end, sprinkle an appropriate amount of anti-inflammatory powder or penicillin 8, ~ 1.6 million units into the wound, and apply iodine tincture around the wound for disinfection without suture. Folk veterinarians use the method of walking and fanning, and if they are not skilled, they often cause anxiety to people and animals < P >.
2. Ligation method
In this method, the spermatic cord is ligated 2 cm to 4 cm above the testis (Figure 2-3b), and the spermatic cord is cut off 1 cm below the ligation, and the testis is removed. The broken end and wound should be strictly disinfected, and other operation methods are basically the same as the twisting method.
3. Beating castration method
Most folk veterinarians in China use this method to castrate cattle and sheep. As usual, they use the left side to lie in Baoding, and the surgical department is disinfected. They tie the scrotum neck slightly above the testis with a rope for several times, put a hay cutter back or pad a red brick under the binding position, fix the testis with their left hand and hit it with a hammer with their right hand for more than 1 times, then loosen the rope loop and touch the spermatic cord with their hands
. When twisting spermatic cord, there is a feeling of twisting fresh onion stems, which proves that the operation is successful. If the batch is not broken, it can be tied again and hit the spermatic cord of scrotum neck until the batch is broken. Treat the other testicle in the same way and apply iodine tincture to the local skin.
4. Testicular parenchyma removal
A unique castration among the people. In this method, the testicular parenchyma is removed first, and the epididymis head, epididymis tail and epididymis are preserved. This can control nutrition and nerves normally, and the function of producing hormones can continue to be maintained. After castration, the cattle are gentle in temperament, and their service ability is enhanced, regardless of age.
operation method: take the left side to lie in Baoding, and the operation department is routinely sheared and disinfected. The operator clasps the scrotum neck with the index finger, middle finger and thumb of his left hand, squeezes the testis at the bottom of the scrotum, fixes it so as not to retract, and adjusts the position of the testis so that the suture of the testis is between the two testes. Because the vertical axis of the testis is oval, the epididymal head is at the dorsal part of the testis, and the epididymal body extends from the posterior side to the bottom. Hold a knife with your right hand, 2 cm ~ 3 cm away from the bottom of scrotum in the middle of the outer line on the front side of testis, cut a zigzag incision from upper left to lower right, and cut the skin, intima and common tunica of scrotum about 3 cm long, then squeeze it with your left hand, and the testis will come out by itself. Hold the testis with your right hand, hold the epididymis with your left hand, and cooperate with each other with your two hands to peel the tissue close to the epididymis from bottom to top. When stripping, try to avoid damaging blood vessels. Stripping can be used one by one, and then the testicles will be detached by twisting them upwards. After the testicle is peeled off, the epididymis is sent back to the scrotum, and the epididymis is returned to the scrotum by the suction force of the spermatic cord. After the operation, the wound is cleaned, 8, ~ 1.6 million units of penicillin are put in, and 3 ~ 5 stitches are sutured at the same time. Leave a small hole in the bottom to drain the exudate and apply iodine tincture to the wound.
In order to prevent epididymis and spermatic cord from escaping from scrotum, never twist or pull spermatic cord after testicular prolapse during operation, so as to maintain the contractile force of spermatic cord, and the incision should be large rather than small. Rest for 7-15 days after operation, stop strenuous exercise and use, feed less on the first day, and feed normally on the second day. Bulls should pay attention to the wounds after operation, so as to promote the early healing of the wounds by blood castration.
5. scalping method
Chinese folks have used scalping method to castrate bulls for a long time, because it completely peels the testis essence from the testis, just like peeling the yolk from a cooked egg, so it is called "scalping".
this method is suitable for yellow cattle and buffalo. This castration method only removes the testis parenchyma, leaving epididymis, testis membrane and a part of testis interstitial tissue. Its nutrition and nerves are not lost. Although it loses the function of producing sperm, it retains endocrine function, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the body.
(1) Baoding: Standing Baoding or lying on the left can be used, but lying on the side is better.
(2) Operation method: routine shearing and disinfection of scrotum. Hold the testis in the left hand to fix it at the bottom of the scrotum, hold a knife in the right hand, and cut the scrotum skin, muscularis and tunica vaginalis vertically. The cutting length is limited to the extent that the testicle pill can be squeezed out, generally about 6 cm. As long as the incision size is appropriate, squeeze it with the right hand slightly, and the testis will come out of the incision by itself, cut the tunica vaginalis, peel off the testicle parenchyma completely by hand, and scrape off the remaining testicle parenchyma with a knife. Then put the epididymis, testis membrane, etc. into the scrotum to clean up the wound, put 1.6 million units of penicillin, apply tincture of iodine around the wound edge, treat the other testis in the same way, and sew 3 ~ 5 stitches to prevent infection, pay attention to postoperative care, exercise properly and strengthen feeding management.