ancestor: Guiman County: Yingchuan County
classification: taking the country as the surname
Chen's surname was mainly Chen Hu Gongman in the early Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, Hu Gongman is a descendant of Yu Shun, one of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors.
Shun lost his mother when he was a child, and his stepmother was unkind. He often beat and abused him, but he resigned himself to it and showed more respect to his stepmother. Because he is fond of learning and filial piety, he is famous all over the world. In the last years of Emperor Yao, he not only married his two daughters, E Huang and Nv Ying, but also passed on his own throne. Therefore, when Shun was in power, the whole world was in power, and the people were prosperous. In addition, he often "adjusted to jade candles, rested on the eternal wind, ate paste fire, and drank from Liquan", and shared the joys and sorrows with the people, so he gained more support from the people. After his death, it spread to Hu Gongman in the 33rd century, and in 145 BC (the second year of the founding of Zhou Wuwang), it was enfeoffed by Zhou Wuwang to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan) to build a vassal state and defend the royal family. The fief was in Chen (Fuxi built its capital in Wanqiu, and Emperor Yan then built its capital in its original site, so it was called Chen, and later it was called Chen Zhou), and Wanqiu (the mound with low middle and high sides is now Huaiyang, Henan) was the capital, with the title of Chen. According to the custom of Ji Tu Ming's surname, Gui Man called Chen with the country as his surname, so-called Chen Man, the ancestor of Chen's surname, and Chen began.
Chen Man (born in 167 BC) reigned for 6 years, and was called Chen Hugong. Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor and established a new dynasty, and made him King Hu Chen. Buried next to Liuhu Lake (now called Longhu Lake) in Huaiyang County, Henan Province, it is commonly known as the iron tomb because of the erosion of the lake.
About 5, years ago, the Chen tribe moved eastward with the Huangdi clan to the fertile plain in the Central Plains. Chen Feng's tribe began to change from nomadic life to agricultural settlement life, and the place where they settled was in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County) in Henan Province. Zhuan Xu has a state-owned "Mountain of Chen Zhou" (Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Nan Jing), and this "Mountain of Chen Zhou" is Wanqiu. Although Wanqiu has a great reputation, it is actually just a small mound with a height of no more than 4 to 5 meters. Because it stands on the boundless plain, it is particularly eye-catching. After thousands of years of flooding and siltation of the Yellow River and Huaihe River, this Wanqiu has been buried by sediment for 2 to 3 meters. Today, the remaining Wanqiu is only a small mound slightly higher than the ground.
at the end of Shang dynasty, one of the descendants of Shang jun, named Zhu fu, went to the state of Zhou to be the official of Tao Zheng, and won the favor of Ji Chang, Zhou Wenwang, because of his exquisite pottery-making skills. After Ji Chang's son Ji Fa (Zhou Wuwang) destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, he chased the ancestors and adherents, sealed the son of Ji Chang to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), taking the title of Chen, to replace Chen after Yu Sui, and married his eldest daughter Tai Ji to him. After Gui Man's death, posthumous title was called Hu Gong Man, so he was also called Hu Gong Man. Today, Chen Hugong Guiman's tomb is beside Liuhu Lake in Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Because the moat water injection invaded its site, it was blocked by iron, commonly known as the iron tomb.
The capital of Chen is Wanqiu, which we are very familiar with now. Although Chen Feng's tribe was first recorded in ancient books and records, part of this tribe was integrated into the Huangdi family, while the other part was sold in historical books and records.
"Chen Feng" once mentioned that there are elms in the east gate, and elms are white elms, which are still important tree species in the Yellow River basin and Huaibei area. The water in the car door pool is crystal clear, and the pool is covered with elm trees. I think the scenery is quite beautiful. Therefore, the Textual Research on the Geography of Poetry said: "Mao Shi said: The East Gate is a place where the hills meet. Dai Shi said: Chen Shi talks a lot about the East Gate, which will definitely be a place for Chen people to travel. Fan Shi said: Choose a high place and be happy. " The East Gate of Wanqiu should be a place with elegant scenery in the city and a place for Chen's subjects to play.
Wanqiu was once the old capital of Taigao family in Fuxi, one of the ancient san huang, so there was probably a Gua Tai in the north of the city. "According to legend, Fuxi got a turtle from Cai Shui and began to draw gossip." There is a tomb of Taigao in Sanli, northwest of the city, that is, Fuxi Tomb, covering an area of about five hectares, commonly known as the temple of human beings. Yarrow is produced around the tomb, which is several feet high and has a stone tablet in front. No. "Fuxi Tomb". Of course, there are some buildings here that have been added and repaired through the ages. However, before the Spring and Autumn Period, Taigaoling and Huatuatai existed, and they were places of amusement for Chen Guojun citizens. If you climb up here and look far, you can have a panoramic view within 2 miles. It's really a refreshing pleasure. In recent years, many pottery pieces, tube tiles, slab tiles and rammed soil layers of ancient city walls have been excavated in Wanqiu area.
After the descendants of Yu Shun were in the heyday of Shun Dynasty, the Xia Dynasty declined for a time, and the Shang Dynasty improved slightly. Since Zhou Wenwang married his eldest daughter to Gui Man and was sealed by Chen, her status began to become prominent. As a blood relative of the Zhou Dynasty and a vassal state, Chen was favored by King Wu, the son of King Wen, and Wang Zun, the later kings of Kang Wang and Zhao.
In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen Guoyuan, Cai Guo and Zheng Guo were both great powers in the Central Plains. Wanqiu, the capital of Chen State, is located three miles east of Huaiyang County, Henan Province, and the city is surrounded by Caihe River to the east. All the territory of the State of Chen is located in the eastern plain of Henan. The Qingshui River, Cihe River, Heihe River, Ximing River and Huiji River, tributaries of the Huaihe River, are distributed in the east, and flow into the Huaihe River from northwest to southwest. Yingshui, another big tributary of the Huaihe River, and some small tributaries of Yingshui, such as Liuye River, Jia Luhe River and Shahe River, flow into the Huaihe River from northwest to southeast from the west. Of course, the names of these rivers are mostly formed because of the vicissitudes of history. However, Yingshui is an old name since 2-3, but its branch, Liusha River, was called Pushui in ancient times. When Zhou Wuwang was first sealed, Chen was only a hundred miles away, but among the feudal princes in the early Zhou Dynasty, there were nearly 8 princes. According to the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty, the four seas were divided into Kyushu and Fiona Fang. Each state has 3 vassal states in Fiona Fang, 6 vassal states in Fiona Fang and 12 vassal states in Fiona Fang. Kyushu has a total of 1,773 countries, and the vassals of these governors are not counted. At the same time, it is stipulated that the Duke and Marquis countries, Fiona Fang thyme; Count country Fiona Fang seventy miles; Viscount and Baron Country, Fiona Fang 5 Li; A small country less than 5 miles becomes a vassal of its neighbors. Chen is not only a state of Hou, but also a hundred miles away in Fiona Fang, and it is located in the fertile and flat Central Plains, which is rich in ancient products and developed in culture. According to legend, it is the capital of Taigao's family in Fuxi, which shows that its position and situation are important.
Chen's territory is all on the plain. Not only the land is flat and fertile, but also the ditches are criss-crossing, which is beneficial to irrigation. In addition, the climate is mild, which is suitable for crop growth and is a rich area with abundant products. Therefore, Chen developed rapidly by virtue of its favorable weather and geographical location. In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen, together with Cai and Zheng, became big countries in the Central Plains, playing a decisive role. However, because the monarch of the State of Chen was unable to make every effort to govern the country, and the courtiers were unable to help the country wholeheartedly, the monarch was in the top, the ministers were in the bottom, and the political corruption led to the decline of the country. In 479 BC, King Hui of Chu invaded the North and killed Chen Mingong, the last monarch of the State of Chen. Chen perished and set up a county in his hometown.
It took 568 years from Gui Man's sealing of Chen to Chen Min's death in Chu, and Chen Guo * * * passed it on to the kings of the 2th and 26th generations.
second, from the descendants of Chen Guogong.
according to the custom of the surname of Gui Tu, Gui Man took the country as his surname and called Chen Man, who was the ancestor of Chen's surname. From then on, Chen began. After the state of Chen was annexed by Chu, Mingong Chen's eldest son, Chen Yan, moved to Yangwu Huju, and his descendants moved to Yingchuan. The second place in Gushi was Chen Lian, the second son of Mingong Chen.
Then Chen Wan went to Qi State and changed his name to Tian's, and built Tian's Qi State. At the end of Qi State, the third son of Wang Tianjian moved to Yingchuan to restore Chen's surname. During the period from civil strife to national subjugation, three descendants of Chen Guogong fled to other places. According to historical records, one of them lived in Chenliu, from Chen Aigong's son Liuliu.
Third, the ethnic minority Chen surname
According to the Records of Wei Shu Guan Shi, the original three-character surname of the Northern Wei Xianbei people in the Five Dynasties was Hou Mo Chen, who moved to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. When Emperor Xiaowen carried out the sinicization reform and decided the family name, it was changed to a single surname Chen in 496.
The Chen clan of the Jurchen clan was mainly changed by Wan Yan clan of the Jurchen clan, and some of them were formed in the late Jin Dynasty.
Chen, a Mongolian, is the surname given by Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, to the Mongolian aristocrats who have descended from Ming Dynasty.
There are two situations of Manchu Chen: First, during the reign of Nuerhachi in the late Jin Dynasty, the Han Chen who lived in the northeast was forced to change to Manchu Chen; Second, the surname of Manchu in this department was changed to Chen, and it still belongs to Manchu.
Chen of the Hani nationality, such as Chen Wenxing, a member of the National Ethnic Committee, and Chen Pilu, a member of the Fifth CPPCC, are the Chen of the Hani nationality.
Dong Chen, such as Chen Yi, associate professor of Guangxi Institute for Nationalities, and Chen Lichunyuan, author of Excellent Traditional Architectural Art, are Dong Chen.
Chen of Tujia nationality is Chen Zhongxin, a representative of the Sixth People's Congress and a native of Hubei Province.
The Buyi Chen, such as Chen Yongkang, deputy director of Guizhou Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, is the Buyi Chen.
Chen of Yao nationality: there are Chen in Huangbudong Yao people, Maleidong Yao people, Zhenyuandong Yao people and Rucheng Yao people in Xinning County, Hunan Province. The fifteenth surname of Shanyao in Dayao Mountain, Guangxi also has Chen.
Chen of the Jing nationality is the surname of this nationality. For example, Chen Runfen (female), the sixth people's representative and a native of Fangcheng County, Guangxi, is Chen of the Jing nationality.
Chen Huahua (female), a representative of the Sixth People's Congress of the Qiang nationality and a native of Maowen County, Sichuan Province, is the Chen of the Qiang nationality.
when the Hui Chen became the ancestor of Ming Dynasty, the Hui Chen in Licheng, Shandong Province was appointed as the tomb of Sulu Dongwang buried in Beiying Village, the northern suburb of Dezhou. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Hui people who moved from various parts of Henan to Sancha Road and Yingxi Street in Shashi, Hubei Province had Chen.
Miao Chen, such as Chen Side, member of Guangdong Ethnic Affairs Committee, and Chen Jiashou, chairman of Chengbu CPPCC, are Miao Chen. In addition, there are also Chen in Zhuang, Li, Yi, Korean, Bai, Gaoshan, She and other ethnic minorities.
Fourth, he changed his surname to Mao's surname
Cao's surname was changed to Chen's surname: Chen, originally Cao's surname, was married by Chen's daughter, gave birth to four sons, and then disappeared.
The surname of Gao was changed to Chen: At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was a man named Cao Xianlai who married his mother's surname, Chen, and this Cao surname.
in the song dynasty, one of the descendants of Chen, named Chen Wenlong, became a high-ranking official, and the official was involved in political affairs (deputy prime minister), so Chen became a noble family in Haining. A family named Gao in Haining, Zhejiang Province, was after Gao Yue, the king of Qinghe River in the Northern Qi Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After several changes in the valley, his descendants lived in Haining silently and became ordinary people. By the time it reached the 14th generation of Gao Liang, history had entered the Yuan Dynasty. Because he was poor and destitute, he had to be adopted by his wife in Chen's family, and his surname was changed to Chen's. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Chen Yuanda, whose original surname was Gao, worked in the Han State established by Liu Cong, a Hun. Because the soothsayer said that his birthdates was taboo against his father, he changed his surname to Chen. In the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian had a confidant, Chen Mao, who was originally from Hedong Yi, but assumed the surname of Chen and was named Earl.
The surname of Bai was changed to Chen: There was another general named Chen Yonggui in the Sui Dynasty. He was originally a conference official in Longyou (generally referring to the area west of Longshan Mountain, which is equivalent to the area west of Longshan Mountain, Liupanshan Mountain and the east of the Yellow River in Gansu Province). His surname was Bai, which won the favor of Emperor Wen of Sui. He was the official in Zhuguo, the general manager of Lanzhou and Lizhou, and Chen Gong of Fengbei County. Yonggui took the word Chen in the title as his surname. After the Ming Dynasty unified the whole country, Zhu Yuanzhang often gave the Han surname a Chinese name in order to win over the Mongolian aristocrats who had fallen to the Ming Dynasty, such as Chen Shouzhong and Chen Yuan. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu in the Ming Dynasty, when the Li Dynasty in South Anhui was destroyed, most of the cold pens of King Li Jili moved to China, and his son changed his name to Chen Cheng, and he was the official of the Ministry of Industry.
Chen's surname was changed to other surnames: in the Western Wei Dynasty, Xu Changgong and Chen Xin were given the surname Wei Chi, but the time was short, and Chen's surname was restored in the early Sui Dynasty; At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chen in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, suffered from family difficulties, and a man assumed the surname of Guo, known as Guo Jintai.
at the beginning of sui dynasty, Bai yonggui changed his surname to Chen, who was known as Chen for thousands of years.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Bo (Bai) Yonggui, a descendant of the former King Qiuzi, went to the mainland. Because of his rare surname, he was afraid of being discriminated against, and he also changed his surname to Chen, a Han nationality. Since then, he has also been known as Chen Yonggui. He has the name of Sun Lingying, and the history books also call him Chen Lingying. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Cao Xian, a native of Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, came to give birth to the Chen family and gave birth to four people, also taking the surname Chen.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Gao Liang, the 14th grandson of Gao Yue, the former king of Qinghe River in the Northern Qi Dynasty, adopted Chen's family by adoption, and his descendants changed their surname to Chen. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu gave the conference semifinals in the western regions a surname of Chen, his grandson Chen You, and later he was appointed commander-in-chief from the official to the right, and was knighted as Wu Pingbo.
when the Ming dynasty became the ancestor, the Li dynasty in southern Anhui was destroyed, and the son of Li Wang, Cheng, changed his name to Chen Cheng, an official, and was the minister of the Ministry of Industry. His descendants also took Chen as their surname.
Chen in Guangling: The Western Han Dynasty set the country, and the Eastern Han Dynasty changed it to a county. Governance is located in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province). This branch of Chen's family comes from the descendant of Chen's surname changed after Liu Xu, the son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
5. Chen's Xianmin and Degenerate People
Xianmin-Chen's aquatic residents.
"Water residents", formerly known as "water residents" or "water households", refer to residents who are engaged in fishing or water transportation in coastal harbors and inland rivers in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi, and most of them take boats as their homes. So, how did Chen's surname Miao people come into being? According to "Geography of Modern People's Livelihood in Fujian", it is said that: "The people are always on the water, and they are boating for a career. According to legend, they were driven by the defeated troops in Chen Youliang for the sake of the Ming Dynasty.
As for the degenerate people, Bai Meichu's "Human Geography of China" explains: "The origin is divided into two parts, one is that Chen Youliang's department was captured at the beginning, and it was compiled as a beggar"; Ming Taizu destroyed Chen Youliang, and captured his descendants, Jiuzu, to demote people and degenerate people, and to be a cheap musician, which was not in line with Qi Min's teeth ". Originally a fisherman, Chen Youliang joined the Red Scarf Army in the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and later became the most powerful armed force in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, competing with Zhu Yuanzhang. In 136, he killed Xu Shouhui, the leader of the Red Scarf Army, calling himself Emperor Han, which caused Zhu Yuanzhang's resentment. In 1363, he fought a decisive battle with Zhu Yuanzhang's army in Poyang Lake and was defeated. In August, he broke through the Yangtze River from the mouth of the lake and was killed by an arrow. The whole army was wiped out, and his descendants and subordinates were brutally persecuted by Zhu Yuanzhang. Although the surname of Chen is very bitter, it still retains the title of family system and is still surnamed Chen.