Yongzheng is probably the most controversial emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He is shrouded in many mysterious things: competition for the throne, tyranny, and violent death. In addition, the concubines in the iron harem also provide a lot of story material for the current "palace drama" and "street drama".
What special hobbies did Emperor Yongzheng have in life? As for Yongzheng's hobbies, it is said that "Emperor Yongzheng was diligent in government affairs and rarely enjoyed traveling in mountains and rivers. However, in his spare time, he was also interested in sensual enjoyment and wanted to do it well."
He After taking the throne, he was not indifferent to the noise of dogs and horses. He was very interested in carving insects and toys. He showed great interest in traditional things of China's upper class, such as snuff, sachets, bonsai and pet dogs.
Emperor Yongzheng had distinct personality traits and hobbies. By studying Emperor Yongzheng’s life, tastes, eating habits, etc. A vivid and manly Emperor Yongzheng appears before us:
First of all, put on your glasses.
According to data, glasses first appeared in Florence, Italy in 1289, and were an important invention of Europeans. Emperor Yongzheng liked Western glasses very much, not because Emperor Yongzheng was arty, but because he had lost his eyesight and he needed the help of glasses. Not only that, Emperor Yongzheng also distributed glasses to the craftsmen who threw ashes as a practical welfare treatment.
According to historical records of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi felt very good after receiving the crystal glasses from the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and gave them to his son Yin_, who was later Emperor Yongzheng. When Emperor Yongzheng was young, his eyesight was very poor. He said that wearing the glasses given by his father made him 'smart' and greatly improved the efficiency of marking the throne. Emperor Yongzheng's glasses were all made by the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs recorded in detail many of Yongzheng's wishes for making glasses, such as "make several pairs of crystal, citrine, black quartz, and glass wine glasses, all of which are better"; "make 10 pairs of glasses based on my glasses." According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as 35 pairs of specially made glasses for the Yongzheng Emperor's office. Emperor Yongzheng placed these glasses wherever he went, and he could easily reach them wherever he went. Because of the advantages of glasses, Yongzheng also used glasses as rewards and even for labor protection, and instructed the construction department to make glass flat eye masks for those craftsmen who built houses to protect their eyes. In fact, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty had the habit of wearing glasses and playing with various glasses. Only the last emperor Puyi left a photo wearing glasses.
According to palace archives, Emperor Yongzheng wore a variety of glasses.
Emperor Yongzheng was 45 years old when he ascended the throne, but his eyesight was very poor. In order to improve the efficiency of office management, he dared to face reality, regardless of the dignity of the emperor, and boldly accepted and used such a wonderful thing as glasses. According to palace archives, Emperor Yongzheng wore a variety of glasses. In the palaces of Da Nei and Yuanmingyuan where Emperor Yongzheng often lived, and even in his sedan chair, there were special royal glasses.
Emperor Yongzheng’s glasses were specially made by the Office of the Ministry of the Interior. This situation is well documented in office files. On October 2, the first year of Yongzheng's reign, Baode of Langzhong ordered: "Make 2 pairs of myopia glasses within 12 hours." Then, if he saw too many, he would redo 6 pairs. On October 20, Lang Baozhong also sent a text message from Prince Yi Yunxiang: "Make more pairs of crystal, citrine, black quartz, and glass wine glasses, all of which are of good quality." On October 5, this batch of glasses was completed, and the doctor Baode came to the headquarters. On November 10, the second year of Yongzheng's reign, the eunuch Liu Yuchuan said: "Make ten pairs of my glasses." This pattern is continuous. On June 14, the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign, the eunuch Wang Chuanzhi ordered a pair of glasses to be installed on the Ruyi bed in Siyi Hall of Yuanmingyuan. The office immediately handed over the spare crystal teacup made previously to eunuch Liu Jinyi. On October 25 of the same year, the eunuch Zhang Yuzhu sent a pair of glasses given by the Westerner Yigler. It said: Decorate according to the style of my glasses, then sign with Western characters on the white paper, put it in the box, and let the Westerner identify. Taking this note written in Spanish, the office official found the Western painter Lang Shining and recognized the words "70 years old". It turns out that at that time, age was used to indicate the power of reading glasses. This year, Emperor Yongzheng was 51 years old and had already used "70-year-old" reading glasses. It seems that his eyesight is really not very good. This pair of Western-style glasses has been carefully modified by the manufacturer, replaced with a tortoise shell ring, and comes with a silver clamp-shaped suitcase. On the second day of December, the eunuch Li Jiuming gave it to Emperor Yongzheng.
From the first year of Yongzheng to the seventh year of Yongzheng, according to incomplete statistics, there were as many as 35 pairs of glasses specially made by the Yongzheng Emperor's Palace. Emperor Yongzheng placed these glasses wherever he went, and he could easily reach them wherever he went. This was also his luxury as a feudal emperor.
Two. Makeup
Among the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Yongzheng liked to dress up the most. He has many makeup paintings passed down from generation to generation, such as wearing Taoist clothing, Western clothing, Hanfu, etc. In these makeup photos, the image in formal dress is very attractive: wearing a wig, a gown, and a scarf, much like the French monarch Louis XIV. There are many kinds of clothing in China, such as plowing the fields, reading, hunting birds, playing the pipa, etc.
It can be seen from the many portraits of Emperor Yongzheng that have been preserved to this day that Yongzheng and Cixi had the same hobby, that is, they both liked makeup very much. Yongzheng liked to play hermits in the forests of Hanfu villages, and he also liked to play foreigners or lamas wearing wigs.
The "fourth" Emperor Yongzheng in novels or TV series always gives people a serious image of "fighting corruption with an iron fist". Although he was suspicious and was described as "biting" by later generations, surprisingly, Emperor Yongzheng also had a cute side. He once asked the court painter to "mix and match" his appearance with that of fishermen, poets, hunters and even foreigners, resulting in these rather "uninhibited" images we see on Weibo: Yongzheng, the "fisherman", was walking on a small road Enjoying the cool air by the stream, the "foreigner" Yong Zheng is basically the incarnation of Wu Song, with curly hair and weapons in hand, fighting a stalemate with the tiger. "Hunter" Yongzheng completely dressed up as a hunter, assuming a posture of "bending a bow and shooting an eagle".
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In other scenes, Yongzheng took off his embroidered robe and turned into a quiet "beauty". In summer, he sat in front of the window, wearing a skirt, enjoying the coldness of winter. In the evening, he sat around the fire in his fur coat and read, just like an ordinary scholar.
The "Yongzheng Music Picture" collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing reflects Yongzheng's leisurely life. The so-called "Le Tu" is a special kind of figure painting, generally called "Royal Leisure Tu", which depicts the entertainment life of the palace as its theme. In this set of music charts, Yongzheng constantly changes his roles: a scholar who writes poetry, a Taoist priest who uses his wisdom to fight evil dragons, a martial artist, an old man, a foreigner in China, a Han Mongolian and Tibetan . It can be said that he plays with everything except women. In addition, it has a god-like appearance, and the scenes and props are not sloppy at all. This is really masterful role play.
Of course, as an emperor, modeling is just a hobby. The people's job is to govern the country and keep the world safe. The main style of the wardrobe must be the dragon robe. This kind of wig was definitely a strange costume at the time. Emperor Yongzheng accepted it calmly and was regarded as a "hipster" of the generation.
Three. alcoholism.
Drinking. Zeng Jing once said that Emperor Yongzheng had a drinking problem. Legend has it that Emperor Yongzheng and Long Ke often drank in the middle of the night and left the wine in the wind to relieve work stress. He once left such a poem: "Encourage people to drink wine, write poems, flowers, and self-reflection before flowers. Who are the friends of Jiuchong Sanbaotang? The breeze and the bright moon make an appointment." Some data also plausibly say that Emperor Yongzheng liked to drink Ningxia products. A kind of sheep wine, and he also said that he secretly gave this wine to Nian Gengyao.
Yongzheng was so busy with government affairs that he didn't even have time to go out. He never visited the south or the north like Kangxi and Qianlong did. Sometimes, when you're feeling down, it's natural to relax and relieve stress, which is also a way to compensate for not being able to go out and play. Yongzheng liked to drink sheep wine produced in Ningxia.
Yongzheng gave Nian Gengyao a secret order: "Ningxia produces a kind of sheep wine. It was imported back then and has been suspended for twenty years." I like this wine very much. There is no wine in the palace now. You need to find some secretly and deliver them to the palace. You don't need too many bottles. About 100 bottles is enough. I'll tell you after you drink it.
Yongzheng liked to drink sheep wine produced in Ningxia.
Four. Desire
Zeng Jing did accuse Emperor Yongzheng of being a womanizer. In recent years, some experts have confirmed that Emperor Yongzheng has long coveted women and abused aphrodisiacs. I even took out a Korean historical material and said, "Yongzheng was greedy for women in his later years and contracted a terminal illness." He could not use it for a long time from the waist down. According to our research on Emperor Yongzheng's harem, he had 25 queens in his life, which was not the most. However, many concubines in the harem of Emperor Yongzheng left portraits. The portraits of the "Twelve Concubines of Yongzheng" are handed down from generation to generation, giving people a very lustful feeling.
In the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, Zeng Jing sent his disciple Zhang Xi to persuade Yue Zhongqi to rebel, and listed in detail the ten major crimes of Yongzheng, including "seeking his father, forcing his mother, killing his brother, killing his brother, being greedy for money, easy to kill, and drinking alcohol" , lustful, suspicious, loyal and traitorous." Qi Yue pretended to praise them, but deceived them, secretly reported the matter to Emperor Yongzheng, and finally escorted Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi back to Beijing to await the court's disposal.
Yongzheng coveted women in his later years.
Under interrogation by the imperial court's Criminal Department, Zeng Jing repented, changed his name to Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and wrote "Gui Ren Lu". In order to deal with it leniently, not only did he not kill Zhang, but he also collected the files of the case, the emperor's imperial edict, his confession and "Guiren Lu", and combined "Dayi Jue Mi Lu" to clarify the incident. He also asked the court and local officials to have a manual, and ordered Zeng Jing to travel around the country to show the emperor's wisdom.
After the death of Emperor Yongzheng, Emperor Qianlong immediately publicly reversed the verdict, sentenced Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi to death within one year, and banned the publication of "Dayi Jue Mi Lu".
5. I love snuff and snuff bottles.
For the sake of the national economy and people's livelihood, Emperor Yongzheng strongly advocated the ban on smoking and achieved good results. However, Emperor Yongzheng had an indissoluble bond with snuff and snuff bottles.
Emperors before Yongzheng did not smoke, including snuff. However, Emperor Yongzheng, who always claimed to "respect the ancestors", while advocating a ban on smoking, also developed a habit of snuff, which seemed to run counter to the ancestral system. But it must be analyzed objectively, because the snuff phenomenon has become a fashion among the upper class society in the Qing Dynasty. As the emperor of feudal society, it is natural for us to have this hobby.
According to records from the Qing Palace, Emperor Yongzheng not only liked snuff, but also liked to play with snuff bottles. He made him a snuff box under the house number and determined the style. Through the criticism of the artistic requirements of snuff bottle production, we can even see that Emperor Yongzheng was still a connoisseur of snuff bottle art! As recorded in the archives of Emperor Yongzheng's eighth year:
On November 20, Wang Hai, director of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, held a snuff bottle with black painted clouds and jade rabbit and autumn fragrance
On that day, Wang Hai, the Minister of the Interior, was holding a peony snuff bottle painted with peach enamel; the top and bottom of Yunheshan were not in good condition, and the rest of the pattern was still on fire. Qin this.
According to historical records and the remains of Yongzheng snuff bottles, among the many colors, Emperor Yongzheng had a special liking for black. Snuff bottles of that period were mostly made of black or black glaze, or outlined in black and red, forming a simple and solemn unique style.
In order to make a snuff bottle that he was satisfied with, Emperor Yongzheng not only made his wishes many times, but also rewarded skilled craftsmen who could satisfy him. According to records, the highest reward was one share each for the cartographer and the book burner, worth twenty taels of silver each. This kind of reward is supreme in terms of honor, and it is also considerable in terms of economic benefits. According to the estimated silver price at that time, 22 taels of silver could be exchanged for 500 stone grains.
Sixth, look at the horoscope of the employer.
Emperor Yongzheng attached great importance to people’s birthdays. No matter what you do, it must be calculated according to your birthday. Including some simple things, such as when Nian Gengyao met with him, he would approve eight words to see if it was suitable. He asked Ertai for eight words. The reason is that Ertai is physically weak and must find someone to tell him his age so that early prevention can be done.
Emperor Yongzheng was a superstitious monarch in the Qing Dynasty. Not only does he like to listen to auspicious words, but he also considers his birthday as his own when being taken advantage of by others. Even so, he doesn't miss the country, he just doesn't fully believe it. Rather, it is another form of political management. He controls his ministers and rules the hearts of the people.
Yue Zhongqi, the military commander who was once trusted by Emperor Yongzheng, left some records about the emperor's superstitious horoscopes in the credible historical materials of "Memorial".
In the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, when he was in charge of military affairs in the western frontier, the emperor asked him to "ban the titles" of important generals. On April 15 of the same year, Yue Zhongqi listed his birthday in the memorial:
1. Minister Feng Yunzhong is 60 years old. He applied on May 29. He is Ji Yougeng, a man with a cold heart.
2. Yuan, town minister, 56 years old. The time he applied for this time was December 6, and he applied for Xinzhou Bingxin, Guizhou B.
3. Zhang Yuanzuo, town minister, 46 years old. On February 7th, he was Shimao, and he returned to the beach to fix his hair.
Emperor Yongzheng attached great importance to human birth dates.
In addition, "Zhenchen Ji, I have seen it in Beijing before, and the emperor has already inquired about it, so there is no need to open it again.
His deputy, Wang Gangnian, was sent to Japan to play alone. Yongzheng approved his horoscope report: "The horoscopes are recorded!" "
On the 29th of that month, Yue Zhongqi made a supplementary report on Wang Gang's date of birth: "He is 46 years old and was born on April 16th. He is the fifth son of Gui Haiding. "Sorry, Emperor Ruijian. Yongzheng read Yue Zhongqi's memorial and immediately made the following evaluation of these generals based on numerology: "Wang Gang's horoscope is good. "Feng Yunzhong has seen it, but it is not suitable. It seems to have passed and can only remain dull. It is not good for Yuan because he is afraid of longevity. Zhang Yuanzuo is lucky, Zhu is lucky. Join Wang Tingrui and guerrilla Chen Bi, they have a very prosperous Destiny; if there is any action, these two people can send people in. Since a few people are not suitable for sharing, Qing can raise a few more people, which means that eight people are needed to play together if you want to use personnel. , you might as well send these eight words to take a look. Although the truth of fate is small, it cannot be fully believed."
Therefore, Emperor Yongzheng's use and deployment of the army were based on birthdays. Similarly, when Yue Zhongqi's subordinates were negligent and wanted to appoint Zhao as the vice chairman of the Jingyuan Guild Hall, Yongzheng also issued an eight-word instruction. He said, "Ma Long's department has not introduced any new cases, so there is no need to conduct undue appeals for this crime, nor is it deliberately lowering the tone." Zhao Can filled in the blanks and then wrote eight big characters for me. Zhao is extremely optimistic about the timing. Ertai cherished him very much. Please stay in Yunnan Province. king. I’ve already seen Wang Gang’s zodiac sign. He has a good life and good luck. He went to Xie Ji and showed his spirit of loyalty, which can lead to the future admiral; but the fear of life cannot be high. Don’t talk for the time being, let’s chat while watching Six O’Clock. I don't know how to observe my life. I think he wanted to let nature take its course. If you want me to talk! When it comes to life, I won’t reveal some likes and dislikes and let them fall in love. "
Based on the above historical records, we can believe that Yongzheng really attached great importance to the ministers' horoscopes. He believed that the horoscopes could show a person's luck, and the horoscopes could also show a person's ability and lifespan. He almost "accorded to him" "Hire people according to orders". It can also be said that on many occasions, he acted according to these eight words as a reference for ministers' promotion and salary.
Seven. Harmony usually works the night shift .
Emperor Yongzheng was very diligent and often approved the throne in the middle of the night. If you look at the Zhu Bu of the Yongzheng Dynasty, you will see many records of the Yongzheng Dynasty working at night, such as "There is no peace during the day, and the two drums are not played at night. "Write under the lamp, the handwriting is ridiculous"; wait a minute. It can be seen that during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng, he was diligent, conscientious, rarely rested, and very diligent.
According to It is recorded that Yongzheng "worked non-stop from morning to night", and the world's government affairs "did not care about the details, and the schedule was comprehensive and clear." However, Zhu Pi's handwriting was always empty.
Yongzheng never stopped handling state affairs from morning to night. Generally speaking, he contacts his ministers during the day, decides and implements political affairs, and reviews memorials at night. Even when eating and resting, he is "diligently diligent and self-sufficient" and does not dare to covet comfort and comfort year after year. Yongzheng was afraid of the heat in his early years. In the summer of the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, it was very hot and he was about to take a rest. However, he thought of the sage's motto that it was the emperor's duty to be vigilant and correct, and to work hard in government affairs. It is said that he was afraid day and night and did not dare to be lazy.
At night, Yongzheng often reviewed memorials late at night and was exhausted. Diligent, often approving the throne in the middle of the night.
1. There is no peace during the day. At night, the two drums disappear from time to time, and the book is written under the lamp.
2. Criticize Zhao Zhe: criticize the light. , the calligraphy and painting are sloppy, please check carefully.
3. Criticize Ertai's stack: it is written in ridiculous handwriting
Yongzheng likes black. /p>
As for color, Emperor Yongzheng, like other emperors, liked yellow because yellow was the special color of the royal family. However, by consulting historical materials, people found that Emperor Yongzheng had a special liking for black people. For example, Emperor Yongzheng's office. Most of the snuff bottles made were made of black or black glaze, or outlined in black and red. In addition, he also ordered others to make other vessels with black as the main color: bronze body with black glaze, plum blossoms in black and white. Cun plate, black lacquer box, black cloud glaze Chunsheng, black dragon and cloud embroidered robe, etc.
Emperor Yongzheng had a special liking for the black vessels left over from the Yongzheng period.
Yongzheng, like other emperors, liked colors such as yellow and red, but he especially liked black. This was a special case for the Qing emperors.
First of all, he issued an order to make various utensils, such as white plum blossom snuff bottles with black lacquer enamel, copper body Chunsheng with black lacquer enamel, four-inch plates with black and white plum blossoms, and black and colorful purple clay pots
There are also many black earth vessels left over from the Yongzheng period, such as black glaze goblets, gold cloud and dragon patterns, black lacquer bowls, golden centenarians, etc.
This kind of color matching was very popular during the Yongzheng period. It completely depended on Yongzheng's personal preferences. It is also one of the characteristics that distinguishes Yongzheng crafts from other dynasties. In other words, black has become one of the important references for identifying cultural relics during the Yongzheng period.
Nine. Emperor Yongzheng liked to play with dogs.
When Emperor Yongzheng worked hard, he also used recreational activities to relieve stress. For example, he likes to play with pet dogs. His two favorite dogs are called "Born Dog" and "Pfaff Dog." Emperor Yongzheng not only liked it, but also did some things for the puppies: making clothes for the dogs, making dog cages, and building kennels. Emperor Yongzheng personally participated in it, carefully conceived it, and sometimes guided others to do it.
Emperor Yongzheng liked playing with dogs very much. The eunuchs of Emperor Yongzheng were required to keep many dogs in the palace and often take time to pet them. Some of these dogs were smart, some were naive, and they brought a lot of happiness to the busy emperor. Yongzheng also named them himself. Among them, his two favorite dogs were called "Tiangu" and "Centurion Dog", and he personally designed and made clothes for his dogs. He once designed a tiger skin pullover for "Shenwu Dog", with a silky surface and a soft inside. After it was done, he felt that the jumper had no ears. After wearing the "biological dog", the ears can only be nestled in the clothes, which is very uncomfortable. He ordered two ears to be added to the tiger jumper. He also designed a unicorn-style pullover for CenturionDog, with a silk-like surface and soft lining. After it was completed, Yongzheng was very dissatisfied and ordered that human eyes and tongues be placed on the Qilin pullover. Just like that, the centurion dog's eyes came out of the unicorn's eyes, just like a living unicorn. In addition to silk dog clothes, Yongzheng also ordered a lot of tiger dog clothes, pig dog clothes, leopard dog clothes, etc. After being tried on by the dog, it was carefully inspected by the dog. No carelessness is allowed. If something goes wrong, it has to be reworked. For example, if the button on the dog's coat is not buttoned properly, it must be buttoned again. Some dog clothes are made of leather paws. Emperor Yongzheng thought this was not good, so it was necessary to take them off or put on a beautiful one.
Emperor Yongzheng not only made clothes for dogs, but also made cages, kennels, dog pads and other utensils for dogs. In the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, someone made a small round dog cage for him. The dog cage is made of bamboo and the cover is made of very fine Tibetan handmade wool fabric. Yongzheng's dogs live in such a comfortable environment, which can be described as "a hundred blessings come to the door" and "natural".
Yongzheng Dog Picture
X. Loves calligraphy.
In fact, chess, calligraphy and painting were compulsory courses for the princes, nobles and princesses of the Qing Dynasty, and most people in the clan could do it. However, there may not be many people who are proficient in it. Emperor Yongzheng's calligraphy was the best among the princes. Emperor Kangxi admired it very much and ordered him to write more than 100 paintings every year. Therefore, after Emperor Kangxi's Jingling Monument was built, Emperor Yongzheng personally wrote an inscription on the Jingling Monument, which has been passed down to this day.
Yongzheng was a unique emperor, with outstanding talents, strong character, and legendary political career, which are all amazing.
Emperor Yongzheng’s calligraphy was the best among the princes, and Emperor Kangxi admired it very much.
Judging from the "Prince Yongbao" and "Yin_Yin", this work was completed during the Kangxi period and was the fourth son of the Yellow Emperor. Because of his status, Yongzheng did not participate too much in politics at this time. He lived very comfortably in Yuanmingyuan, with his own residence and pen and ink. Judging from the content of the work, it is a must-read mountain and river geography chronicle for the monarch of a country. It is directly used in "Notes on Reading History" and "Yufang" or "Yuanhe County Chronicle". The calligraphy is calm and regular, fully expressing the cultivation and tranquility of an aspiring emperor. These works are black ink, clear printing, well-preserved silk, and are very precious.