Mongolians are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest are distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces. The population is 4,806,849,000 (the fourth census 1.990), of which there are1.30,000 in Yunnan, who live in Mengxin Township, Tonghai County, and are divided into five natural villages: Zhongcun, Xiacun, Baige, Jiaoyiwan and Taojiazui. They are descendants of Mongols who stayed in Yunnan during the war with Kublai Khan in the early Yuan Dynasty. It has been more than 740 years since Tonghai Mongolians came to the lake at the foot of Qihu and the foot of Fengshan in Yunnan Plateau from the prairie in the northwest of the motherland. For more than 700 years, we have lived in harmony with the people of all ethnic groups and made friendly exchanges. We have overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles with the spirit of self-reliance and national unity, and built Qilu Lake and the foot of Phoenix Mountain into a land of plenty.
Animal husbandry is the main economy that Mongolian people depend on for a long time. In addition, it is also engaged in processing industry, agriculture and industry. At present, it is mainly based on breeding. Mongolian people are good at singing and dancing, and there are two kinds of folk songs: long tune and short tune. The main musical instrument is Ma Touqin. Like wrestling. Mongolian yurts and Lele cars are their companions in nomadic life.
Language: Mongolians have their own language. Mongolian belongs to Mongolian family of Altai language family, and there are three dialects: Inner Mongolia, Weilat and Balhubriat. At present, the commonly used characters were created by 13 century with Uighur letters. /kloc-At the beginning of the 4th century, the original script was transformed by Mongolian scholar Chageyi Voser and became a common Mongolian language. Mongolians in Yunnan can speak Yi and Chinese, and their Mongolian can communicate with Mongolian in the north.
Mongolian journalism, publishing, broadcasting, drama and film have also made great progress. Classics such as The Secret History of Mongolia have been identified as world-famous cultural heritage by UNESCO. The famous heroic epic Jianger is one of China's three heroic epics. "Drinking good things" is listed as one of the important medical inventions that have made outstanding contributions to world civilization.
Main distribution areas: Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Qinghai, Hebei, Henan and other places.
taboo
Mongolian people should avoid riding too fast when riding and driving near yurts, so as not to disturb the herd; If there is a fire in front of the door or a sign such as a red cloth strip is hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in this family, and outsiders are not allowed to enter; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of Buddha worship; Avoid dead animal meat and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white for funerals and black and yellow for weddings; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; Smoking, spitting, touching utensils, classics, Buddha statues and making loud noises are prohibited when visiting temples, and hunting near temples is not allowed.
custom
Greet each other when meeting, even strangers should say hello; When colleagues meet acquaintances, they usually ask "Sai Bai Nu" (hello). If you meet elders or people you meet for the first time, ask "Hosai Bainu" (hello). It is a traditional Mongolian virtue to entertain passers-by (whether you know them or not), but you must respect your host when you are a guest in a Mongolian home. After entering the yurt, you should sit cross-legged on the carpet around the stove, but the west of the stove is the owner's residence, so you can't sit casually when the owner is not sitting. Guests generally drink milk tea sent by their hosts, and it is impolite not to drink it; Don't refuse the host's request for dairy products, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it's inconvenient to eat more, just eat a little.
Offering Hada is also a noble courtesy of Mongols. When offering Hada, the giver hands it down to the other party, and the recipient also takes it with both hands or lets the giver hang Hada around his neck to express his gratitude.
Mongolians pay great attention to etiquette and rules when entertaining guests. For example, if you eat mutton, you usually give the sheep's pipa bone with meat and four long ribs to the guests. If you entertain guests with beef, give them a spine with meat, half a rib and a fat sausage. The biggest banquet for the guests is the mutton banquet. The feast of the whole sheep includes bones, limbs, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sheep's head, and in some areas, sheep's heart, liver, rectum and stomach are added. The production method is to pour all parts of the whole lamb into a cauldron. After the water temperature rises, add a certain amount of cooked yogurt and gently boil it, and turn it frequently. Sausage, belly, heart, liver and burnt sheep head are cooked in another pot. Add seasoning and serve. When opening a banquet, put the cooked parts into a big plate with the tail facing outward, and carve a "ten" on the sheep's head to symbolize good luck. When eating, the host should ask the guests to cut the recommended bones of the sheep, or the elderly should cut them first and then eat them together. Before the girl gets married, the family must cook the lamb breast for the girl as a farewell. Roast whole sheep used to be used for sacrificial ceremonies or Aobao, but now it has become a special dish for grand festivals or welcoming VIPs.
Mongolian naming custom: With the prosperity of society, economy and culture, Mongolians are more and more aware of the symbolic role of names. The characteristics of their male naming are as follows: 1. Named according to national psychological habits, such as Timur, Geser and Bater; Second, according to the expectations of elders, such as: Jiya Saiyin (good luck), Bajad (joy), Baiyin (abundance), Jiri Gele (happiness) and so on. Third, according to the age of the elders when the baby is born, such as Binta (50) Jirentai (60) Dalan (70) and so on. The fourth is named after the beast, such as Shao. Wait a minute. 5. Named after natural things, such as Lu Chao (Stone), Agra (Mountain), Mu Ren (River), Tara (Yuan Ye), etc. Female: 1. Name bright stars, such as Na Ren (the sun), Saren (the moon), Orton (the star), Gao Wa, Na Ren (beautiful as the sun) and Saren Gao Wa (beautiful as the moon). Named after beautiful flowers and trees, such as Sarilang Flower (Shandan Flower) Qiqige (Flower) Nabuqi (Leaf) Begonia, etc. Third, it is named after jewels and jade articles, such as Haas (jade) Tana (pearl) and alatan Gao Wa (beautiful as gold).