Fayuan Temple
Fayuan Temple is the oldest existing giant temple in Beijing. It is located on the east side of the southern end of Jiaozi Hutong outside Xuanwumen, covering an area of ??about 6,700 square meters. It was built in the early Tang Dynasty. Originally named Minzhong Temple, it was renamed Chongfu Temple in the Ming Dynasty. It was renamed Fayuan Temple after reconstruction in the 11th year of Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1735).
The temple faces south and has four courtyards. The first thing you enter is the Hall of Heavenly Kings, which houses the Budai monk and the four bronze statues of the Heavenly Kings. The second entrance is the Mahavira Hall, which enshrines Sakyamuni Buddha and the two Bodhisattvas Manjusri and Samantabhadra, statues created in the early Ming Dynasty. A plaque written by Emperor Qianlong "The True Source of the Sea of ??Fahai" is hung on the beam of Qianlong. The third entrance is the Guanyin Pavilion (also known as the Minzhong Terrace), which displays stone carvings from past dynasties. Behind the pavilion is the Pilu Hall, which enshrines the five-party Buddha statues made of Ming Dynasty bronzes. . Next is the Great Compassion Altar, which displays scriptures written by people from the Tang and Five Dynasties, as well as scriptures from the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The fourth entrance is the Sutra Collection Hall, which displays stone sculptures from the Eastern Han Dynasty, Eastern Wu Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties, among which the statues from the third year of Ganxiang in the Tang Dynasty are the most precious. Fayuan Temple has been destroyed by fires, earthquakes and wars, and has been rebuilt many times, but the temple site remains unchanged.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state allocated special funds for a second renovation, and established the Chinese Buddhist Academy and the Chinese Buddhist Cultural Relics Library here, which were designated as key cultural relics protection units in Beijing. In 1963, the Buddhist Conference of 11 Asian countries and regions was held here. In 1980, the statue of Monk Nian Jianzhen returned from Japan and was displayed here. Now the temple is an important place for Buddhist activities in Beijing.
Guangji Temple
Guangji Temple is located at the east entrance of Fuchengmen Nei Street, east of the Imperial Temple. It is one of the famous temples in Beijing. It is the current seat of the Buddhist Association of China.
Guangji Temple was built in the Jin Dynasty, more than 800 years ago. During the Tomorrow Shun period, the monk Puhui rebuilt it. In the second year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1466), it was named "Hongci Guangji Temple". In the 38th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1699), it was renovated, and an imperial inscription and plaque were added, as well as the "Avalokitesvara" on the imperial wall, as well as gilded Buddha statues such as Sakyamuni. There is an ancient tree in the temple. Next to the tree is a stone tablet inscribed with "Song of the Iron Tree" made by Emperor Qianlong. Later, the temple was rebuilt and repaired many times due to fires.
After the founding of New China, two major renovations were carried out in 1952 and 1972, which restored the ancient temple to its former glory and maintained its grand and solemn appearance.
Tanzhe Temple
Tanzhe Temple is located on the mountainside of Tanzhe Mountain in Mentougou, Beijing, 45 kilometers away from the urban area. Tanzhe Temple was first built in the Jin Dynasty (265-420) and was called Jiafu Temple at that time. It was called Longlongquan Temple in the Tang Dynasty. After reconstruction in the Jin Dynasty, it was called Dawanshou Temple. It was built in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. It was renamed Xiu in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Yunchan Temple. The name of the temple has changed throughout the ages, but the name Dutanzhe has been passed down for a long time. Tanzhe Temple is named after the Longtan behind the temple and the Zhe tree on the mountain.
There is a saying in Beijing that "there was Tanzhe first, then Youzhou". It is conceivable that this temple is ancient. The architectural layout of Tanzhe Temple is divided into three grids: the middle one is the Buddhist hall - Shanmen, Tianwang Hall, Daxiong Hall and Pilu Pavilion. There are many antiquities and beautiful legends in this group of buildings. Such as the statue of Princess Miaoyan, the daughter of Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
It is said that Princess Miaoyan once had her hair cut off and lived here, and she had to pray every morning and evening. "Emperor Tree", and the symmetrical one on the west side is called "Peiwang Tree". The pine trees on the middle road are particularly thick, reaching into the sky, as well as paro trees, magnolia trees and various other precious flowers and trees. From the back hall, Pilu Pagoda overlooks the entire temple. In the corridor of the Dragon King Hall in the temple, there is also a treasure of Tanzhe Temple - stone fish. It is a large stone fish about 1.5 meters long and weighing 75 kilograms. This fish looks like copper from a distance, and it can make a crisp musical sound when struck. The ancients said it was a treasure of the Dragon Palace in the South China Sea. In fact, it is a meteorite with a high copper content. The original stone fish has been destroyed, and the current stone fish is a replica.
The east road is the palace, where the emperors of the Qing Dynasty rested when they visited the mountains. The most famous one on this road is the Liubei Pavilion that people often call. Inside the pavilion hangs a horizontal plaque of "Yi Pavilion" written by Emperor Qianlong himself. It looks like a dragon's head in the south and a tiger's head in the north. The spring water is introduced into the ditch and flows out through the twists and turns of the water tank. The water tank in Liubei Pavilion is about 10 centimeters wide. If you put a wine glass into the water tank, the wine glass will drift with the water. Visitors sitting at different positions can take the cup to drink.
There are four Liubei Pavilions of this kind in Beijing, among which Tanzhe Temple and Liushuiyin in Zhongnanhai are the most famous.
On the west road are some scattered courtyards with round and square Buddhist temple buildings, which are solemn and beautiful. The highest point is the Guanyin Hall, with copper bells tied to the corners, which make crisp sounds when the breeze blows.
Biyun Temple
Biyun Temple is located at the east foot of Xiangshan Mountain. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty and was originally named Biyun Temple. In the 11th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1516), the nunnery was expanded and converted into a temple. In the 13th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1748), the Diamond Throne Tower, Luohan Hall, etc. were built on the original basis. When the People's Republic of China was founded, the temple was already in dilapidated condition; in 1954, the People's Government vigorously renovated and rebuilt the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, giving the temple a completely new look.
Going behind the mountain gate of the majestic high platform of Biyun Temple, there are two statues of Vajra warriors (commonly known as He and Ha) built in the Ming Dynasty on the left and right, each 4.8 meters high. Bell and Drum Towers are built on both sides, and the front is the Heavenly King's Hall. There were originally four statues of Heavenly Kings in the hall, 2.5 meters high. It is said that he is the substitute of Maitreya, so later generations worship the statue as Maitreya. This bronze Miqin Buddha statue was made in the Ming Dynasty. Entering from the Tianwang Hall is the second courtyard, which is the main body of the temple. The main hall has statues of Sakyamuni and his disciples, as well as sculptures of the story of Xuanzang's Buddhist scriptures in the Tang Dynasty. The hall is a Ming Dynasty building with a wooden structure. The Buddha statues, statues and caissons inside are extremely exquisite.
The main building in the south courtyard of the temple is the Luohan Hall. There are five small white pagodas on the top of the hall (four on the four sides and the middle one is slightly larger). Five hundred wooden gilded Arhat statues, seven Buddha statues and a statue of Jigong more than one foot high are tightly arranged in the hall. There are two versions of the five hundred Arhats: one is the five hundred male monks who participated in the first or fourth gathering; the other is the five hundred disciples who often accompany Sakyamuni to listen to the Dharma. The five hundred Arhats in the Arhat Hall of Biyun Temple are arranged according to the list and order drawn up by Emperor Qianlong himself. In front of each Arhat is a lacquered gold divine tablet with the name of the Arhat written on it. Emperor Qianlong also named himself an Arhat and named him Venerable Po Xijian. The explanation for Jigong's lack of a seat in the Luohan Hall is that he arrived late and the 500 seats were already occupied, so he had to sit on the beam.
To the north of the Five Hundred Arhat Hall is the Puming Juemiao Hall. Sun Yat-sen died of illness in Beijing on March 12, 1925, and his coffin once rested here. In May 1929, the coffin was moved to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum on Zijin Mountain in Nanjing for burial. His clothes and crown are sealed in the arch at the base of the Vajra Tower. In 1954, the hall underwent major renovations and was turned into an exhibition room for Sun Yat-sen's life. There is a bust of Sun Yat-sen in the hall, as well as a glass coffin donated by the Soviet government. There are also Dr. Sun Yat-sen's will and other materials in the hall. There are two exhibition rooms on both sides of the memorial hall. The first room displays materials and photos of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's early revolutionary activities; the second room displays materials and photos of the Chinese people's democratic revolutionary activities led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
Temple of Reclining Buddha
Temple of Reclining Buddha is located at the southern foot of Shouniu Mountain in the north of Xishan Mountain, about 20 kilometers away from the urban area. The temple was first built during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty (627-649), and was originally called Doushu Temple, also known as Shouan Temple. In the following dynasties, there were demolitions and constructions, and the name of the temple also changed with the changes of dynasties. After reconstruction in the 12th year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Puchue Temple. Because in the Tang Dynasty, there was a reclining Buddha carved from sandalwood in the temple. Later, in the Yuan Dynasty, a huge bronze statue of Sakyamuni Nirvana was cast in the temple. Therefore, most people called this temple "Temple of the Reclining Buddha".
According to Yuan history records: At that time, 500,000 kilograms of copper was cast and smelted to cast the bronze statue, which required 7,000 laborers. The bronze Buddha is 5 meters long and is placed in a sleeping position, with its head facing south and west, its left hand naturally placed flat on its lap, and its right hand bent to support its head. Behind the reclining Buddha sit 12 Bodhisattvas of Perfect Enlightenment. Their facial expressions are heavy and sad, forming a scene of Sakyamuni entering Nirvana under the Parro tree and instructing his 12 disciples on his funeral arrangements. On the front wall of the hall hangs a horizontal plaque with the inscription "Get Great Freedom". In addition, there are several Salo trees planted in the temple. During the late spring and early summer, the white flowers are in full bloom. The flowers are like countless small white jade towers hanging upside down among the branches and leaves, which is unique and sentimental.
Dazhong Temple
Dazhong Temple is located on the North Third Ring Road in the western suburbs. Formerly known as Juesheng Temple, it is famous for the Yongle Bell that was built more than 500 years ago, commonly known as the Great Bell Temple. The temple was built in the 11th year of Yongzheng reign of Qing Dynasty (1733). There are 9 flying dragons piercing the clouds engraved around the bluestone plaque on the mountain gate. In the middle is the "Edict to Build Juesheng Temple" written by Yongzheng Emperor, which is the original thing when the temple was built. The temple faces south from the north to the screen wall (destroyed), the mountain gate, the bell and drum tower, the Tianwang Hall, the Daxiong Hall, the Guanyin Hall and the Sutra Collection Tower, the Big Bell Tower, the East and West Sutra Collection Tower, and the side halls.
The big bell is on the bell tower in the backyard of the temple. The building is 16.7 meters high, with a round top and windows on all sides. The bronze bell is said to have been cast by Yao Guangxiao during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty and is an antiquity 600 years ago. The bell is 6.94 meters high, has a maximum diameter of 4 meters, a depth of 0.7 meters, and a total weight of 46.5 tons. It is known as the "King of Bells in China". The loud sound of the bell can be heard for miles. All 80 chapters of the Huayan Sutra are cast inside and outside the bell. There are as many as 230,000 words in the scroll, all written in regular script, so it is also called "Huayan Bell".
The Great Bell Temple now houses the Chinese Ancient Bell Museum, which displays nearly a hundred ancient bells. In addition to the Yongle Bell, there is also the oldest pottery bell from the end of primitive society. In several main halls in the Dazhong Temple, there are "Exhibition of the Historical Evolution of the Dazhong Temple", "Exhibition of the Brief History of the Development of Chinese Ancient Bells", "Exhibition of the Brief History of the Development of Chinese Casting Technology", "Exhibition of the Historical Evolution of the Yongle Dazhong" and "Exhibition of the Brief History of the Development of Chinese Ancient Bells". "Display of Buddhist Sutra Inscriptions on the Yongle Bell", with two sides opened as "bell corridors" to display ancient bells from past dynasties.
Yunju Temple and Shijing Mountain
Yunju Temple is located on Shijing Mountain in Fangshan District, 75 kilometers away from the city. It is a historical Buddhist resort. Yunju Temple, also known as Xiyu Temple, was built during the Dazheng period of Sui Dynasty. The gate of the temple faces east, and the middle road of the temple was originally a six-entrance hall. The front is the Tianwang Hall, and up the stairs is the Pilu Hall. On both sides of the hall are the Drum Tower and the Bell Tower, and further up are the Sakya Hall and the Qitan Hall. Pharmacist Polygonum and Maitreya Hall. On both sides of these halls, there are ancillary buildings such as monks' rooms, Manjusri Hall and abbot's courtyard. The highest point of Yunju Temple is the Dabei Hall, which, together with the Dharma Hall and the Sutra Pavilion, is the largest hall in the temple.
The most famous thing about Yunju Temple is the "Fangshan Stone Sutra" stored in Shijing Mountain opposite the temple, which is the only stone-engraved Tripitaka in China. The scriptures are carved on stone slabs and hidden in nine caves. "Fangshan Stone Classic" was first carved in the Sui Dynasty and completed in the Ming Dynasty. It lasted for thousands of years and is worthy of being a masterpiece in the world. After liberation, the people's government excavated and organized the stone scriptures stored in Yunju Temple. There are 14,278 stone scriptures that are still intact.
In 1961, the State Council listed the Yunju Temple ruins, two Liao pagodas, eight Tang pagodas, the Sutra Cave and the Stone Scripture as national key cultural relics to be protected. In order to protect these precious cultural relics, the State Council successively The North Tower of the Liao Dynasty was reinforced and repaired, and a scripture warehouse was built to protect the stone scriptures. It was decided to return the stone scriptures to the ground at 9:09:9 on September 9, 1999, so that these ancient stone scriptures that were thousands of years old could be restored. Precious cultural relics are passed down from generation to generation.
Tianning Temple
Tianning Temple is located on Beibinhe Road outside Guang'anmen and was built in the Liao Dynasty. Tianning Temple was called Guanglin Temple during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was renamed Hongye Temple in the second year of Renshou in the Sui Dynasty. It was called Tianwang Temple in the Tang Dynasty. It was rebuilt and repaired in subsequent dynasties, and the name of the temple was also changed several times. By the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404) ), it was renamed Tianning Temple.
The Tianning Temple Pagoda is the oldest existing classical building in Beijing; it is also a typical one of the existing dense-eaves brick towers in China. According to literature, this tower existed in the Sui Dynasty. However, the existing Tianning Temple Tower was built in the Liao Dynasty; some details were rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After more than 900 years of wind, frost, rain and snow, this tower is still intact and beautiful. It is indeed the most precious architectural art relic in Beijing today. one.
Tianning Temple is an octagonal thirteen-story solid brick tower with dense eaves, 57.8 meters high. It is built on a large square brick platform with a two-story octagonal base and a flat seat above the base. On top of the flat base, three layers of upward rosettes are used to support the tower body. The plane of the tower body is also octagonal. Above it is the eaves of the thirteenth floor. Under the eaves, there are double-copy brick arches made of imitation wood structure. The eaves of each floor are from the bottom. The upper floors are descending layer by layer, and each layer is decorated with wind chimes. Whenever the wind blows, they will make a crisp ringing sound. The top of the tower ends with a bead-shaped "tasha", which is a symbol of Buddhism (the pagoda was knocked down during the Tangshan earthquake in 1976).
Fahai Temple
Fahai Temple is located at the southern foot of Cuiwei Mountain in Shijingshan Mountain. The temple was built in the fourth year of Zhengtong (1439) in the Ming Dynasty and completed in the eighth year of Zhengtong (1443). This temple is large in scale and famous for its exquisite murals. In 1988, it was announced as a nationally protected cultural relic.
There are nine murals in the main hall of Fahai Temple. Among them, the three murals on the back wall of the niche are treasures in the murals. They depict the three Bodhisattvas Avalokitesvara, Manjusri, and Samantabhadra. In the middle, there is a painting of Avalokitesvara and the half-length painting of Shuiyue. Naked, with gauze draped over her shoulders and a necklace on her chest, she sits with her right knee bent and her left leg crossed, her right arm resting lightly on her neck, her expression quiet and solemn.
On the walls on both sides of the hall are lotus-shaped Tathagata and flying gods, and are painted with large peonies, roses, bodhisattvas, plantains and other flowers as background. The picture is surrounded by auspicious clouds, much like the realm of the legendary "Brahma Buddha Land". On both sides of the back of the temple are the "Buddha and Dharma Protector Pictures" composed of 36 figures including the emperor, empresses, eight deities and ghosts. The figures are up to 1.6 meters tall. These murals are representative works of Ming Dynasty murals. In addition to the murals, there is also an exhibition on the history of the temple. and more than 150 photos of other murals.
Hongluo Temple
Hongluo Temple is located on the Yangtze River of Hongluo Mountain, 7 kilometers north of Huairou County. There was once a spring named "Pearl Spring" 500 meters west of the temple. It is said that there are two large snails in the spring, which are bright red in color. Every time the sun sets, the snails spit out flames, and the red light shines, which can be seen for hundreds of miles. Hongluo Mountain and Hongluo Temple got their name from this. After Hongluo died, he was buried in the temple and two pagodas were built to commemorate him.
Hongluo Temple was built in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Its original name was Daming Temple. In 1663 AD, Emperor Kangxi came here, built a mountain pavilion, set up a throne, and planted fruit and bamboo. The temple expanded in size. At that time, the temple real estate was 36,500 acres, there were more than 300 monks, and the temple grounds occupied 4 square kilometers of the local park. After liberation, a normal school was located here until the early 1980s. In recent years, it has been vigorously renovated and developed into a new tourist attraction, and has been designated as a key cultural relic protection unit in Beijing.
There are two ancient locust trees on each side of the steps at the main entrance of the temple. It is said that these four ancient locust trees are more than 2,000 years old. However, they are still tall and majestic with luxuriant branches and leaves. The largest trunk has a diameter of 1.6 rice. In addition, there are ginkgo trees and flat-top pine trees and wisteria trees in the temple that are nearly a thousand years old. Every late spring, strings of purple-marine-like wisteria flowers hang on the branches, and the rich floral fragrance fills the entire temple. It is one of the most beautiful sights in Beijing. Hongluo Temple has been a holy place for Buddhism in the past dynasties, with frequent visits of eminent monks and legendary Buddhist teachings. According to the "Chanting Ritual", the 12th "Master Hongluo Zifu Xinggong" among the 13 ancestors of Western Heaven and Eastern Scholars came from this temple.
Hongluo Temple is also an important place for training abbots and abbots for other temples. Therefore, the temple is famous far and wide and has great incense. Hongluo Temple has an elegant environment and is surrounded by mountains. There are also many wild animals here, including foxes, roe deer, hares, pheasants and many kinds of birds. There is also a Hongluo Reservoir in the south of the temple, where boating, swimming and fishing are available.
Dajue Temple
Dajue Temple is famous for its clear springs, ancient trees, magnolia flowers and tranquil environment. The temple faces east from the west, and the temples are built against the mountains. To the west, it consists of four courtyards including the Tianwang Hall, the Mahavira Hall, the Tianliangshou Hall, and the Great Compassion Altar. In addition, there are Siyi Hall, Qiyunxuan, Lingyao Pavilion, Dragon King Hall and other buildings. The Buddha statues enshrined in the temple are beautiful in shape and vivid in image. The stele "Tangyangshan Qingshuiyuan Creation Sutra" was erected in the year when the temple was built. It is a precious cultural relic in the temple. The environment of Dajue Temple is elegant, surrounded by mountains. The front of the temple is flat and fertile, and the scenery is broad. Behind the temple, there are mountains and lush forests. A clear spring pours from the stone gap behind the temple and gurgling down around the stone canal. The spring water is clear and inexhaustible all year round. There is a magnolia tree in the courtyard that was moved from Sichuan during the Qianlong period. It has large flowers, clean color and strong fragrance. It is about 300 years old and is the best magnolia tree in the capital. There is also a tall and ancient ginkgo tree, commonly known as the "Ginkgo King". It requires six people to surround it, and its shade can cover half of the courtyard. It is said that it has stood proudly for a thousand years.
The fragrance of orchids in ancient temples, buckthorn cypresses, green clear pools, and spiritual spring water
Pine and cypress hugging towers, old vines and cypresses, king ginkgo trees, ancient monuments of the Liao Dynasty
It is known as the Eight Wonders of Dajue Temple.
Yonghe Palace
The Lama Temple was built in the 33rd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1694). It is the residence of Prince Yongzhen. In the ninth year of Qianlong's reign (1744), it was converted into a Gelug Sect temple of Tibetan Buddhism, becoming the largest lamasery of the Gelug Sect in Beijing.
There are many Buddha statues in Yonghe Temple, which are beautiful in shape and expressive of spirit. At the same time, there are also preserved a large number of thangkas, calligraphy and paintings, clothing, ethnic daily necessities, ritual objects, magical instruments, etc. In particular, the statue of Sakyamuni Buddha and 41 thangkas of "The Origin of Sakyamuni" are precious cultural relics. The Luohan Mountain carved from rosewood; the Maitreya Buddha carved from white sandalwood; and the sandalwood shrine carved from golden nanmu are known as the "three wonders" of wood carvings in the Lama Temple.
Miaoying Temple
Miaoying Temple consists of a temple and a pagoda. The temple includes the mountain gate, the bell and drum tower, the Tianwang Hall, the Third Buddha Hall and the Seven Buddha Hall, as well as the side hall and wing room on the west side. The red wall of the pagoda forms a separate courtyard. , build a corner pavilion at each corner.
The white pagoda is located in the north of the center of the courtyard. In front of the pagoda is the "Hall of Six Divine Powers".
The White Pagoda of Miaoying Temple was first built in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1275). It was built by Anilu, a Nepalese craftsman who was an official in the Yuan Dynasty at that time. Because the whole body of the pagoda is white, Commonly known as the White Tower. The tower body is a masonry structure with a total height of 50.9 meters. It consists of a tower base, a tower body and a tower brake. The base area of ??the pagoda is 810 square meters; the body of the pagoda is a compound bowl, and the brake base of the pagoda is in the shape of a Xumizuo. Under the base, there are thirteen phase wheels, large and small, upper and lower, which are the so-called "Thirteen Days". A huge canopy is placed on top of the sky, with 36 canopies with Buddha statues and Buddhist characters hung around it. A wind chime is tied below each; the top of the temple is a small gilded hollow Lama Pagoda.
The White Pagoda of Miaoying Temple is an important symbol of the Yuan Dynasty that has been preserved to this day. It is the earliest and largest existing Tibetan pagoda in my country. It is also a historical witness of the friendship and cultural exchanges between the people of China and Nepal.
Jie Tai Temple
Jie Tai Temple, also known as Jietan Temple, is located on Ma'an Mountain in the western suburbs of Beijing. It is 35 kilometers away from the city and about 5 kilometers away from Tanzhe Temple on the mountain road. The temple contains the largest ordination platform in Chinese temples. Together with the ordination platforms in Zhaoqing Temple in Hangzhou and Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, it is also known as the three major ordination platforms in China. The ordination platform is the place where Buddhist temples teach the precepts to believers. It is only set up in large temples. Jietai Temple in the western suburbs of Beijing was built in the Tang Dynasty (622) and was formerly known as Huiju Temple. In the Liao Dynasty (916-1125), the eminent monk Fajun came to the temple to open an altar and teach the precepts, and built a precept platform here. At that time, people who were ready to convert to Buddhism came to the temple to study scriptures and precepts. Afterwards, they went to the Surangama Altar of Tanzhe Temple for assessment. Those who passed the test were allowed to become monks and became wandering monks. From then on, Jietai Temple became famous. During the Zhengtong period of the Ming Dynasty (1436-1449), it was renovated and renamed Wanshou Temple. During the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns of the Qing Dynasty, expansion was carried out. At that time, many tourists and monks from all over the country came here to listen to the precepts.
The main hall of Jietai Temple is the Main Hall, with the Tianwang Hall in front and the Thousand Buddhas Pavilion in the back. Jietai Hall is located in the northwest courtyard of the temple. The huge plaque in the hall is written by Qianlong himself and is inscribed "Tree Spirits Entering the Building". The present altar was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is square in shape, with each side three feet long and more than one foot high. It is divided into three levels and is made of white marble. It is surrounded by carved patterns such as lotus petals and floating clouds. The carvings are very detailed.
There are many courtyards scattered around the palace. Each courtyard has exquisite mountain stones, lush ancient pines and cypresses, ancient pagodas, ancient monuments, mountain flowers and flowing springs, making it particularly quiet. The famous trees in the temple include "Zizai pine", "Wolong pine", "Jiulong pine" and the rare "movable pine". If you pull any pine branch at will, the branches and leaves of the whole tree will sway, as if a strong wind is blowing. It seems that the moving pine has been famous more than 200 years ago. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty even left a stone monument here with the title "Poetry on the moving pine".
Shifang Pujue Temple
Shifang Pujue Temple is also known as the Temple of the Reclining Buddha. It is located at the southern foot of Shou'an Mountain in the north of Xishan Mountain, 20 kilometers away from the urban area. It was built during the Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty (627-649). Its original name was Tushita Temple. Tushita is the transliteration of Sanskrit, and the free translation is "wonderful foot" and "contentment". There is a sandalwood reclining Buddha built in the Tang Dynasty in the temple. In 1320, Shuode Baci (Yingzong) of the Yuan Dynasty succeeded to the throne and expanded the temple on the former site of Tushita Temple. It was named Zhaoxiao Temple and later changed to Hongqing Temple. In 1321, a huge bronze statue of Sakyamuni Nirvana and clay statues of his 12 disciples were cast in the temple. The horizontal plaque on the gate of the palace reads "Xingyue Hengming". It means that the moon is like the Buddha nature, and its light will shine forever. It was rebuilt five times in the Ming Dynasty. Yingzong, Xianzong, Wuzong, Shizong and Shenzong all visited the Reclining Buddha Temple. During the Chongzhen period, it was renamed Yong'an Temple. After reconstruction in 1734, the twelfth year of Yongzheng reign in the Qing Dynasty, the name was changed. Since there is a bronze reclining Buddha enshrined in the temple, it is commonly known as the Reclining Buddha Temple. Some people believe that the Temple of the Reclining Buddha is the terrestrial prototype of the illusory realm in "A Dream of Red Mansions". The temple faces south and is composed of three groups of parallel courtyards. In front of the temple, there is a wooden archway with the inscription "Zhiguang Chongming" on its forehead, four pillars and a gray tube tile roof on the third floor. After the archway is a slope more than 100 meters long, with a slope of 12 meters and four rows of ancient cypresses on both sides. The main buildings include the Glazed Archway, Shanmen Hall, Tianwang Hall, Third Buddha Hall, Reclining Buddha Hall and Sutra Library. Behind the building is a hill, and you can climb the stone steps to the top of the mountain. There is a pavilion from which you can overlook the entire temple. The two sides are surrounded by verandas, auxiliary halls, guest halls and abbot's rooms, connecting the three courtyards into a whole. This is an early layout method of Chinese Buddhist temples. This kind of layout is rare in Beijing. There are also two salas trees planted in the temple. There is Cherry Valley attraction nearby. In front of the Shanmen Hall of the Glazed Archway stands a glazed archway with four pillars and seven floors. On the front of the glazed archway is "Tongshen Secret Treasure".
The back of the stele is "extremely refined" and both were written by Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty. There is a semi-circular pool behind the archway, with bells and drum towers on both sides of the pool, and a stone bridge leading to the mountain gate hall. There are two generals, Heng Ha, in the Shanmen Hall.
The Hall of the Four Heavenly Kings According to Buddhist scriptures, the Four Heavenly Kings, also called the Four Vajras, live in Mount Sumeru. There are statues of the Four Heavenly Kings in the hall. Each of the four heavenly kings has a follower, and each has 91 sons to assist each of the four heavenly kings in defending one side. The Four Heavenly Kings Hall also houses Wei Tuo, one of the patron saints of Buddhism. Ranking first among the 32 generals of the Four Heavenly Kings. Since the early Tang Dynasty, it has been placed in the temple. The Hall of Three Buddhas is the most important hall in the Temple of the Reclining Buddha. It is named after worshiping the third Buddha. There are two versions of the Buddhas of the three generations: one refers to the Buddhas of the past, present and future three generations, namely Deng Deng, Sakyamuni and Maitreya. One refers to the Buddhas of the three Buddha worlds, which refers to the Medicine Buddha in the Oriental Pure Glaze World, the Sakyamuni Buddha in the Mother-in-Law World, and the Amitabha Buddha in the Western Paradise World. The Temple of the Reclining Buddha enshrines the latter three Buddhas. On the Xumizuo, which is about 1 meter high, three 2.5-meter-high clay sculptures and gilded Buddha statues sit on the lotus throne. On both sides of the hall are colorful sculptures of eighteen Arhats. The reclining Buddha statue carved from sandalwood in the Tang Dynasty was originally in the Three Buddha Hall, but disappeared in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The Three Buddhas Hall has an east and west side hall. The east side hall houses the statues of "Prince Sita" and "King Pasanadi", and the west side hall houses the statues of "Dharma Patriarch" and "Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva". The Reclining Buddha Hall is three rooms wide, with green glazed tube tiles and yellow sheared edges on the top of the mountain. Couplets on both sides were written by Cixi. In the hall is the largest existing bronze reclining Buddha in China. The Reclining Buddha was cast in the first year of Yuan Zhizhi (1321). The Buddha is 5 long. d meters, 25,000 kilograms (25 tons) of copper are used, and 7,000 copper castings are used. The bronze Buddha is in a sleeping position, with his head facing west and south, his left hand naturally lying flat on his lap, and his right hand bent to support his head. Behind the reclining Buddha sit 12 Bodhisattvas of Perfect Enlightenment, with heavy and sad expressions on their faces, forming a scene of Sakyamuni entering nirvana under the Paro tree, instructing his 12 disciples on their funeral arrangements. On the front wall of the hall hangs a horizontal plaque with the words "Get great freedom". There are two steles on the left and right outside the temple. The one on the right was erected in 1734, and the one on the left was erected in 1749. The brief history of Wat Pho is engraved on the steles. There were originally dozens of large cabinets in the side hall, all of which contained volumes of scriptures. They were sealed and locked at ordinary times, and were only opened and unlocked on June 24 every year when the scriptures were aired. In 1966 the Buddhist scriptures were destroyed. The East Road Courtyard was originally the living quarters of the temple. From front to back there are Dazhai Hall, Dazhan Hall, Jiyuexuan and Qingliang Hall, all of which are courtyards in the form of a quadrangle. Finally, there is the Ancestral Temple dedicated to the founder of the temple. The West Road Courtyard was originally one of the three palace courtyards where the emperor used to escape from the summer, have fun and manage political affairs. At the front is a palace, facing a rockery. Pass through the rockery, stone bridge and hanging flower gate to enter the main courtyard of the palace. The palace also adopts the architectural form of a courtyard with corridors. Walk north along the corridor and enter the Erxing Palace Courtyard. There are slender rockeries stacked up in the courtyard. To the north is the Sanxing Palace Courtyard, which is surrounded by water. From east to west, there are verandahs that are enclosed on the outside and open on the inside. On the front is an open hall backed by a mountain cliff. In front of the hall is a square fish pond. Later they were called "Lingxiao Pavilion", "Wansong Pavilion" and "Dragon King Hall".
Lingyue Temple
Lingyue Temple is located on Batie Mountain, 5 kilometers north of Zhaitang Town, Mentougou District. Lingyue Temple was founded during the Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the Liao Dynasty and was called "Baidie Mountain Courtyard" and "Lingyue Temple" in Jin Dynasty. The temple is located on a platform in front of the main peak of Baitie Mountain, facing south. On the central axis are the mountain gate, Tianwang Hall and Sakyamuni Buddha Hall. On both sides of the mountain gate in the south of the temple are the ruins of the Bell and Drum Towers. The Tianwang Hall is a hanging mountain-style building. The hall used to enshrine statues of the Four Heavenly Kings, Skanda and Jie Yin Buddha. The Sakyamuni Buddha Hall is a single-eaves verandah-style building with a large ridge roof, covering an area of ??more than 100 square meters. Under the eaves, there are two raised and five-step brackets, and the walls of the arches are painted with Buddha statues. The hall used to enshrine one Buddha and two Bodhisattva statues, which were carved from willow wood and were nearly 4 meters high. Demolished in 1954. Existing in the temple are the stele "Reconstruction of Lingyue Temple" in the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1293), and the "Inscription of the Reconstruction of Lingyue Zen Forest" in the 22nd year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1683).
Wanfotang Kongshui Cave
Wanfotang Kongshuidong is located at the southern foot of Yunmeng Mountain in the northwest of Fangshan District and about 200 meters west of Wanfo Village in Hebei Town. The Ten Thousand Buddhas Hall is built on the pier at the outlet of Kongshui Cave. Founded during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (713-756), it was originally named Longlongquan Temple and later changed to Dali Zen Temple. The existing Ten Thousand Buddhas Hall consists of three beamless halls and rests on the top of the mountain. There are stone plaques with lotus petals in relief on the doorstep. The "Ten Thousand Bodhisattva Dharma Assembly Pictures" inlaid on the front of the hall and at the bottom of the two gables are 23.8 meters long and 2.4 meters high, and are made of 31 rectangular white marble reliefs. It is the representative of relief art in the Tang Dynasty. Kongshui Cave is a natural cave with a tall entrance made of artificial bricks. There is a spring in the cave, which can be entered by boat. There are statues and inscribed scriptures from the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the stone wall not far from the cave entrance.
The statues are 1 meter high and 2.5 meters wide. They are carved into the rock. There are 6 statues in total, similar to the Yungang and Longmen Grottoes. The cave dried up for a time in 1982, and animal fossils, iron tools and seven golden dragons from the Tang Dynasty were unearthed. There is a pagoda on each wing of Kongshuidong of Wanfo Hall. On the left wing is a flower pagoda with dense niches. It was built in the Liao Dynasty and is about 20 meters high. The right wing is called "Linggong Monk's Relic Pagoda". It was built in the Yuan Dynasty. It is an octagonal seven-level eaves style with a height of about 18 meters. Kongshui Cave of Wanfotang is one of the early places where Fangshan Stone Sutra was carved, and it occupies an important position in the "Fangshan Stone Sutra Study". It is a key cultural relic under municipal protection in Beijing.
Baoying Temple
Baoying Temple is located at No. 29 Denglai Hutong, Xuanwu District. According to legend, it was Tang Cha. It turns out that Gu Bingqian, the editor in Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt the stele of Baoying Temple and a bronze bell in the 32nd year of Wanli. Next to the temple is the tomb of Wang An, the ceremonial supervisor of the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Shandong Denglai Yiyuan. The four main halls and side courtyards are still there and are key protected cultural relics in Xuanwu District.
Lingyan Temple
Lingyan Temple is located in Qijiazhuang Village, Qijiazhuang Township, Mentougou District. It was first built during the Wude period of the Tang Dynasty, rebuilt during the Yuan Zhizheng period, and became a nunnery during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. The mountain located to the north of the temple is called Jinzhu Mountain. To the south of the temple, there were originally the Shanmen Hall, the Bell and Drum Tower, the Prince's Hall, the Jialan Patriarch Hall, the Main Hall and more than ten side halls on both sides. During the Anti-Japanese War, they were burned down by the Japanese army, leaving only the Main Hall. The overall architecture of the temple reflects the techniques and craftsmanship of the Yuan Dynasty. The roof and gables of the palace were renovated in the Qing Dynasty. The hall used to enshrine a statue of Sakyamuni Buddha, 4 bronze Bodhisattva statues on both sides, and 4 rows of small Buddha statues in front of the Buddha, with as many as 50 statues. On the east side of the hall, there are statues of Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei placed in niches. On the west side, there is a Tathagata niche with a golden-winged bird on top of the backlight. In Lingyan Temple, there is a stele titled "The Record of Rebuilding Lingyan Temple" written in the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486). In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), "The Stele of Rebuilding Lingyan Temple" was written.
Kaiyuan Temple
Kaiyuan Temple is located in Shunyi County. Also known as Longxing Temple, commonly known as Dongdai Temple. It was built before the fifth year of Dali in the Tang Dynasty (770). In the temple, there are the stele of Kaiyuan Temple of Tang Dynasty and the stele of Wang Huizhi, deputy envoy of Jin Privy Council. According to the biographical records of "Jin History": In the second year of Zhenyou (1214), Yuan soldiers surrounded Shunzhou City. Wang Hui led his troops to defend the city. The city was broken and he was killed. Later generations carved a stone and erected a monument at the place where he died. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the temple was once a place where the government held important ceremonies. The temple is built with a mountain gate, a platform, and two main halls. The apse still exists.
Chongxiao Temple Sutra Pavilion
Chongxiao Temple Sutra Pavilion is located in Xichongxiao Hutong, Baiguang Road. It was first built in the first year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty and renovated in the Mingshun year. During the Jiajing period, a Buddhist scripture pavilion was built in the temple. Chongxiao Temple is also famous for flower cultivation. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was famous for its jujube flowers, with cloves growing in the middle leaves, and later peonies, which became famous for its black peonies. There is only one remaining Sutra Pavilion with two floors and corridors built in the Ming Dynasty. It is a key protected cultural relic in Xuanwu District.
Fengxiang Temple
Fengxiang Temple is located in Xiantai Village, ten miles southeast of Huairou County. Founded in the Tang Dynasty. The original name was "Xian Sheng Chuan Yuan" and was changed to "Feng Xiang Temple" in the Jin Dynasty. The last construction was during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, and the main hall now exists. The hall faces south, with a width of 3 rooms and 12 meters, a depth of 7 meters, and a height of about 7 meters. It has a hard mountain ridge and 5 beams. The main hall building is 80 square meters. There are two wing rooms on the left and right sides, and three wing rooms on the east and west sides. There are two ancient cypress trees in the courtyard, nearly 2 feet in diameter. The bluestone of the square pedestal of Guishou was rebuilt in Fengxiang Temple and stood in front of the main hall. There is a large bell on the north gable of the east chamber, which was cast in the Wanli year and is about 1.3 meters high. Outside the gate, there are two Buddhist scriptures from the Liao Dynasty.
Wanshou Temple
Wanshou Temple is located on the west side of Guangyuan Gate of Changhe River and is a famous ancient temple in western Beijing. Built in the Tang Dynasty, it was called Juse Temple. In the fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1577), it was rebuilt and renamed Wanshou Temple. Mainly used as Buddhist scriptures. Later, the sutra boards and scrolls were moved to Fan Jing Factory and Han Jing Factory, and Wanshou Temple became a palace where emperors and empresses of the Ming Dynasty had meals and rested during their tours to the West Lake (Kunming Lake). In the 20th year of Guangxu's reign (1894), the palace of Wanshou Temple was rebuilt, and the Thousand Buddha Pavilion and Dressing Building were added to the west courtyard, completing the final layout. The temple is divided into three roads, with the middle road as the main body, the palace in the west and the abbot's courtyard in the east. It covers an area of ??31,800 square meters. In the middle road there are the mountain gate, Tianwang Hall, Mahavira Hall, Wanshou Pavilion, Thousand Buddhas Pavilion and Stele Pavilion. There are side halls and side rooms on both sides. There are bell and drum towers on the east and west sides of the Tianwang Hall, where the Yongle Bell once stood (later moved to the Dazhong Temple). During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, when Empress Cixi came to the Summer Palace, she would burn incense and worship the Buddha at Wanshou Temple, and have tea at the Xikuayuan Palace, so it was called Xiao Ningshou Palace. Around 1934, the front part of Wanshou Temple was turned into a school for the children of Northeastern refugees. In 1984, the middle road was opened as the Beijing Art Museum.
Xifeng Temple
Xifeng Temple is located in the west of Keruituo Village, Yongding Town, Mentougou District.
Built in the Tang Dynasty, it was originally named Huiju Temple and Yuyongquan Temple in the Yuan Dynasty. There is a Shengquan pool in the temple. Zhu Qizhen, the Yingzong Emperor, gave it the name "Xifeng Temple". The temple now has more than 30 Shanmen Hall, Tianwang Hall and two-sided cloister Zen rooms. There is a ginkgo tree in the temple, which was planted in the Yuan Dynasty.
Shangfang Temple Ruins
The Shangfang Temple Ruins are located at the foothills of Fenghuangling Mountain in Niegezhuang Township, Haidian District. It is about 5 kilometers east of Toutou Village. The site is located in a depression on the top of a mountain, covering an area of ??about 5,000 square meters. It is an ancient temple in the Liao and Jin Dynasties and was once named after Miaofeng. The temple faces east from the west and is built according to the mountain. The original hall has three levels, and a bowl-shaped granite stone tower is built behind the main hall. Under the cliff behind the temple, there are two stone wells. The water is flush with the wells, which is called Manjing. It is one of the famous local springs. There are still two stone steles from the Ming Dynasty in the ruins, with the characters difficult to read. There is a brown stone inscribed with the Yuanjue Sutra from the Ming Dynasty, and a temple monument from the Qing Dynasty. In the valley in front of the site, there is a stone pagoda from the Ming Dynasty. It is a bowl-covered monk pagoda. The pagoda faces east and west, with its back leaning on a high cliff and its front overlooking a deep stream. It is entirely made of granite. The tower is 6.1 meters high and the base plane is in a sub-shaped shape. On the north side of the site, there is a brick pagoda from the Yuan Dynasty, commonly known as Linglong Pagoda. It was the spiritual pagoda of a local Zen master at the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. It was built around the middle of the Yuan Dynasty