1. my path has wound, through a sheltered hollow
—— Entering the Grand View Garden, facing a mountain, covering all the scenery in the garden, revealing a narrow path, and leaving a title with a mirror white stone on the mountain. [Note] my path has wound, through a sheltered hollow-The poem "a buddhist retreat behind broken-mountain temple" was often built in the Tang Dynasty: "my path has wound, through a sheltered hollow, of boughs and flowers, to a Buddhist retreat." On the poet's view that language is a Zen machine, he thinks that it tells a Buddhist truth: to achieve the victory of understanding the wonderful Tao, you must first go through a tortuous path.
2. Qinfang
borrows three green flowers around the embankment, and
flowers on the other bank are fragrant in one vein.
—— There are springs, gates and pavilions named after Qinfang in the garden, which were originally "clear water flowing from the depths of flowers and trees to the crevices of stones". After gradually widening, there are bridges, on which pavilions are built and formed by pressing water. [Note ]1) Qinfang-water permeates the fragrance. (2) "Around the embankment"-the water is bright and clear, as if borrowing the emerald color of willows on the embankment; The spring is fragrant, as if sharing the fragrance of flowers on both sides. "Around the embankment" and "across the bank", water is in it. "Three poles" means water in depth, "one vein" and water in stream shape. This couplet has a special syntax, which is a skill of rhetoric in poetry refinement.
3. There is a phoenix instrument.
The tea in Baoding is still green,
The chess in the window is still cold.
—— "There is a phoenix instrument", that is, Xiaoxiang Pavilion, which is characterized by "building houses with thousands of bamboo poles." [Note ](1) There is a phoenix instrument-Phoenix is a fairy bird in ancient legend, and it is said that its appearance is a kind of auspicious response. "Shangshu Yiji": "Xiao Shao (Shun's music) is 9% (a song is always called 1%), and there is Feng Laiyi (Chengxiang)." Because it is said that the phoenix eats bamboo, it is named after this idiom. (2) "Baoding" two sentences-Baoding, here refers to the tripod furnace for cooking tea. Originally, there was green smoke when the tea was boiling hot, and the fingers felt cold when the chess was playing. [1] the bamboo is shaded, so there is still green smoke; The shade gives birth to cold, so it seems that I still feel cold. This couplet is the same as Lu You's poem mentioned in the novel, "The heavy curtain does not roll for a long time, and the ancient inkstone is slightly concave and gathers more ink". Observe the material things from the trivial details to show a kind of leisure.
4. Apricot curtains are in sight —— Daoxiang Village
where the new green is growing and the kudzu is added,
Haoyunxiang protects the Qin pickers.
-This is the counterpart of the artificial field villa in the Grand View Garden. [Notes ](1) Apricot curtain in sight, Daoxiang Village-Because there are "hundreds of apricot flowers here, like steaming clouds with fire", Jia Zheng and others wanted to title it "Apricot Village" and asked people to make a wine vase and pick it at the top of the tree with bamboo poles to make up for the poem "Qingming" by Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty: "Where can I find a restaurant?" The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Jia Baoyu suspected that the title was vulgar, so he thought it would be better to call it "Apricot Curtain in Sight" because of the old poem "Red Apricot Hanging a Wine Flag at the Top" or "Daoxiang Village" according to "The fragrance of rice flowers in Chai Men's waterfront". In the Tang Dynasty, Xu Hun's poem "Late to Zhang's seclusion in the suburban garden" reads: "The village path is dark around the pine leaves, and Chai Men is close to the water." The poem titled "Spring Swallows in Xinglin" by Tang Yin in the Ming Dynasty reads: "There are orioles on the branches of green poplars, and wine flags are hung on the tops of red apricots"; (2) The phrase "new green"-new green refers to fresh spring water. Long, vulgar writing "Huan", washing. Pueraria lobata, a vine, grows mostly in the mountains. Boil its fiber and wash it in running water, then it can be woven into clothes. Poetry Nan Zhou Ge Tan: "Bo (auxiliary word) makes my clothes (referring to Ge Yi)." This sentence was written from the back of the grange. (3) the sentence of "good cloud"-good cloud means that clouds can give birth to color, and it is also a metaphor for apricot flowers that are "like fire and steam", so it is called "incense burner". It is a common practice in poetry to use clouds to describe blooming flowers. Celery refers to water celery, which is much longer than water. "Poem of Lu Song": "Take its Qin sparingly." Two sentences about the village savage, using the language of "Poetry" and writing about mountains, water and apricot flowers, are all about the skills of old poetry.
5. Flowering flowers
—— From Daoxiang Village, we turned the hillside, caressed the stone and entered by the spring, and passed through the flower beds. "Suddenly, I heard the water gurgling, and from the cave, the flowers hung upside down, while the flowers floated below", so I left my title here. [Note ](1) Polygonum cuspidatum-Ting, Ting Zhou, flat sand by the water. The word "Polygonum cuspidatum" comes from Luo Ye's poem "Wild Goose" in the Tang Dynasty, "In the twilight, new geese start from Tingzhou, and the red Polygonum cuspidatum blooms to make the country sad", but the artistic conception is bleak, so Yuan Chun read it and said, "The word" flowery "is fine, so why" Polygonum cuspidatum "? (2) Flower Mang-Mang, Pu, water side. The word "flowers" comes from Cui Guofu's poem "Picking Lotus" in the Tang Dynasty, "Jade flowers are blooming, and the water in Jintang is turbulent".
6. It's beautiful when you sing cardamom, and it's sweet when you sleep.
-[Notes ](1) The sentence "Yin Cheng"-Amomum villosum, refers to Amomum villosum, which blooms in spring and densely forms spikes. When the flowers are born, they are rolled in the tender leaves, commonly known as fetal flowers, to symbolize girls. The Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's poem "Farewell" reads: "There are more than thirteen beautiful flowers, and the cardamom is at the beginning of February." This sentence says that after singing into a cardamom poem like Du Mu's, the talent is still very prosperous. "Brilliant talent" Cheng Gaoben's poem "Brilliant poetry" was changed by later generations, and the word "still" was not settled, which made it impossible to be a liberal arts. (2) the sentence of "sleeping enough"-tea plant, Rosaceae, blooms in late spring. This sentence has two meanings because of rhetorical skills: first, the flowers are soft and weak like a deep sleep; First, people sleep sweetly in the flowers. The content of this couplet is "fragrant", which is the life interest of the upper class in ancient times.
7. Red fragrant green jade
-This is the title of Yi Hong Yuan, and later it was changed to "Yi Hong Kuai Green" in Yuan Chun. [Notes ](1) Red fragrant green jade-first, a hanger-on said that the topic "worshipping the light and flooding the color", and Baoyu thought that "the banana and the pond are planted here" should not be digression. Why are you biased? Because the poem "Crabapple" by Su Shi is used: "The east wind is misty and full of light (growing spring)", only the begonia is mentioned, and the banana is left out, so both "red" and "green" are used.
The content of these antithetical couplets about the landscape is romantic, but the plot of antithetical couplets is indispensable in the novel.
The activities of the main characters in the novel are carried out in the background of the Grand View Garden. The author makes a comprehensive introduction and focuses on the scale, orientation, architectural layout, landscape characteristics and so on of the newly completed Grand View Garden through Jia Zheng, hanger-on and Baoyu. Without this plot, it is difficult for us to imagine any other way to make the Grand View Garden with complicated structure and numerous scenery leave such a clear and profound impression in our readers' minds soon. This arrangement is exactly where the author is superior to a mediocre novelist.