Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), whose surname was Kong, whose given name was Qiu, and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was born in Zou Yi, the state of Lu (now Qufu City, Shandong Province, China). Nanxin Town), a thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period of China, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius gathered the great achievements of ancient Chinese culture. During his lifetime, he was known as the "Sage of Heaven" and "The Wooden Duo of Heaven". He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time, and was revered as the Saint of Confucius and the Supreme Saint by the rulers of later generations. , 3 The most holy teacher, the teacher of all ages. Confucius and Confucianism have had a profound impact on China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Vietnam and other regions, which are also known as the Confucian cultural circle.
Chinese name: Confucius
Foreign name: Confucius
Alias: Confucius, Zhongni
Nationality: Chinese
Nationality: Han
Birthplace: Zouyi, Lu State (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City)
Date of Birth: September 28, 551 BC
Date of death: April 11, 479 BC
Occupation: Teacher
Belief: Confucianism
Main achievements: Founding the Confucian school
Compile the "Spring and Autumn" and revise the "Five Classics"
Establish a private school and break the traditional aristocratic education
Representative works: "Spring and Autumn" and "Ten Wings"
Net name: Uncle Hai
Father: Shu Lianghe: Mother: Yan Zhengzai
Main fields: Ethics, social philosophy
Ten Philosophies of Confucius
Virtue? Yan Hui? Min Ziqian? Ran Geng? Ran Yong
Political affairs? Ran You? Zhong You
Speech? Zai Yu? Duanmu Ci
Literature? Yan Yan? Bu Shang
Contents
Character profile and personal life
Historical records
Confucius and natural landscapes
Personal Achievements
Working hard in political career and forgetting food and taking pleasure in forgetting worries
Being poor and happy
Never tired of learning and teaching
Go straight
Ideological systemPolitical thought
Economic thought
Educational thought
Aesthetic thought
Conference on the Development of Confucianism in Modern Times: How wonderful it is to have friends from far away
Confucianism: How to popularize it in China and spread it around the world
Family History and Family Tree of Confucius
Chronology of Life
Disciples of Gaozu
Poems and Writings
Food and Drink Achievements
Anecdotes of Confucius’ Salutes
Comments on redeeming slaves
Comments on saving people after falling into the water
Confucius learned the piano
About the Analects of Confucius
About Confucius' posthumous title
About the height of Confucius
Confucius Institute
Personal influence
Introduction to the Confucius Temple
Quotes
Anime image
Introduction to cultural tourism figures and personal life
Historical records
Confucius and natural landscapes
Personal achievements
< p>Work hard in your political career and forget about food, enjoy yourself and forget your worriesBe poor and happy
Be tireless in learning and teach others
Practice on a straight path
Thought Systemic Political Thought
Economic Thought
Educational Thought
Aesthetic Thought
Conference on the Development of Confucianism in Modern Times: It is a joy to have friends from far away Hu
Confucianism: How to popularize it in China and spread it around the world
Family Genealogy Confucius’ Family History
Life Chronology
Gaozu Disciples
Poetry and writings
Food and drink achievements
Character anecdotes Confucius salutes
Comments on the redemption of slaves
Comments Saving people from falling into the water
Confucius learned the piano
About the Analects of Confucius About Confucius' posthumous title About Confucius's height Confucius Institute Personal influence Confucius Temple Introduction Famous Quotations Animation Image Culture Tourism Expand Edit Character Profile in this paragraph
p>Personal life
Confucius (September 28, 551 BC to April 11, 479 BC), surnamed Zi
Portrait of Confucius (39 photos) , with Kong as his surname, Qiu, and Zhongni. During the Spring and Autumn Period, he was born in Changping Township, Zouyi, Lu State (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province). He is a great thinker and educator in ancient my country, a theoretical politician, the founder of Confucianism, and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world. Ranked second in the family. An ancient Chinese writer, thinker, theoretical politician, educator, social activist, organizer of ancient documents, and compiler of the Confucian school. He was praised by later generations as the founder of the Confucian school. It is said that he once revised "Poems" and "Books", edited "Li" and "Music", prefaced "Book of Changes" and wrote "Spring and Autumn". He has been engaged in preaching, teaching, and solving doubts all his life. He is honored by the Chinese as "the most holy teacher and a model for all generations."
Confucius's disciples and his subsequent disciples recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and compiled the Analects of Confucius. Regarding the view of heaven, Confucius did not deny the existence of destiny ghosts and gods, but he was skeptical about them and advocated "respecting ghosts and gods and staying away from them." Confucius and Mencius are both called "Confucius and Mencius", and their thoughts are also called the Tao of Confucius and Mencius. Confucius was revered as the "Sage" and "King Su", Zengzi was the Zongsheng, and Mencius was the "Lesser Sage". His words and deeds were written by his students into the creation masterpiece "The Analects of Confucius". He is also the world's most famous cultural figure. He is the founder of Confucianism. However, there is another Jun-style theory, the "anti-Confucius elite" Mr. Yang Chengjun, who believes that Confucius is useless. However, there is another theory, the "anti-sheep elite" Mr. Yang Zhengzong, who believes that Yang Chengjun is useless and his behavior is purely sensational. Confucius was proficient in "The Book of Changes" and is said to be the author of "Ten Wings". Confucius was the first person in ancient China to break through the religious attitude towards natural landscapes. I love nature even more than natural landscapes. Nature includes disasters, earthquakes, tornadoes, and dinosaurs. The extinction of nature, etc., and the natural landscape is the eternal good Feng Shui, which puts forward the famous aesthetic proposition that "the wise enjoy the water, the benevolent enjoy the mountains" ("The Analects of Confucius·Yongye").
Historical records
Confucius’s ancestors were originally descendants of the Yin Shang (Chinese people), so they were given the surname Kong. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted him the title of concubine brother of King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty. Weizi Qi, a famous and loyal minister of the Shang Dynasty, was born in the Song Dynasty (Xiayi). He is now buried by Weishan Lake in Weishan County, Shandong Province. After the death of Wei Ziqi, his younger brother Wei Zhong came to the throne, and Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. Confucius
After Confucius's sixth ancestor Kong Fujia, descendants began to take Kong as their surname. His great-grandfather Kong Fangshu fled from Song to Lu in order to escape the civil strife in Song. Confucius's father, Shu Liang He (the courtesy name is Shu Liang and He is his given name), was a famous warrior in the state of Lu. Uncle Liang He first married Shi Yaoying and gave birth to nine daughters but no son. His concubine gave birth to a son Meng Pi (ranked as the eldest son). He was called Bo, and the eldest son of a concubine was called Meng), but he had a serious illness. Under the circumstances at that time, neither women nor disabled sons were suitable heirs. Later, Shu Lianghe married Zheng Zai, the third daughter of the Yan family in Waina, and gave birth to Confucius. Because he had prayed in Niqiu before he was born, he was named Qiu, ranking second, so he was named Zhongni (according to the above "Confucius Family"). "Yu. Explanation of Original Surname" records: Although Shu Liang He has nine daughters, his concubine has Meng Pi, whose name is Bernie, so he proposes to Yan's three daughters. It is said that Zheng is here...Praying privately to the mountain of Niqiu to pray for the birth of Confucius, hence the name Qiu (named Zhongni).
Confucius’ lecture pictures (8 pictures) When Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang He died of illness. After that, Confucius’ family was quite poor. Because we were in troubled times, there was no room for the benevolent government advocated by Confucius to be implemented. However, during the three months of governing the state of Lu, the powerful state of Qi also feared Confucius' talents, which shows that Confucius is worthy of the title of an outstanding statesman. Political dissatisfaction caused Confucius to devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius once served as a military commander in the State of Lu, and later traveled around the country with his disciples. Finally, he returned to the State of Lu and concentrated on teaching. Confucius broke the educational monopoly and pioneered private education. He had as many as 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages, known as the famous Seventy-two Sages. Many of the seventy-two people are high-ranking officials from various countries. It also continued the glory of Confucianism. "Zi" in Confucius, like "Zi" in Mencius, Zhuangzi and Laozi, is a title and honorific. According to the titles assigned to Dukes, Marquises, Bos, Sons and Men of the Zhou Dynasty, although they were not princes, they enjoyed the title of the fourth-middle title among the princes.
Confucius and natural landscapes
Confucius was the first person in ancient China to break through the religious attitude towards natural landscapes. I love nature, and I love natural landscapes even more. "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye Chapter" : A benevolent person enjoys mountains, a wise person enjoys water.
Personal Achievements
Confucius had a profound influence on
Confucius’ film and television images (8 photos) for later generations. Although he “stated but did not write”, he had already Known as the "Sage of Heaven", "Muduo of Heaven" and "Eternal Saint", he was one of the most erudite scholars in society at that time. Later generations also respected him as the "Holy Saint" (the saint among saints) and "the teacher of all generations". They believed that he had edited "Poems", "Books", "Li" and "Music", and prefaced "The Book of Changes" (called the "Book of Changes"). Shiyi, also known as Yi Zhuan), author of "Spring and Autumn". The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of the Confucian school, compiled by Confucius's disciples and his disciples. It is mainly in the style of quotations and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. "The Analects", "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Mencius" are collectively known as the "Four Books". The current edition of "The Analects" contains twenty chapters.
The language of "The Analects" is concise and concise, and its meaning is profound. Many of its remarks are still regarded as the truth by the world today. Moreover, in ancient times, the first person whom children worshiped when entering school was Confucius. American poet and philosopher Emerson believed that "Confucius is the glory of all nations in the world." In 1988, 75 Nobel Prize winners gathered in Paris. After the meeting, they issued a joint declaration, calling on the world that "if humans want to survive in the 21st century, they must look back 2,500 years ago and learn wisdom from Confucius." He He had many disciples, such as Zigong, Zilu, Yan Yuan, etc. Mencius, who was revered as the "Senior Sage" by later generations, was a disciple of his grandson Kong Ji (zisi).
Edit this section of political career
Confucius Sculpture (6 photos) Confucius was extremely smart and studious when he was young. When he was twenty years old, he was already very knowledgeable and was praised by people at the time as " Erudite and polite.” At the same time, what is little known is that Confucius inherited the bravery of his father, uncle Liang He, and was nine feet six inches tall, more than 1.9 meters today, specifically 196.8cm. With extraordinary arm strength, he was far from the image of a frail scholar as some people in later generations thought. Moreover, Confucius had an extraordinary capacity for drinking and was said to have never been drunk. But Confucius never took pride in his martial prowess or his ability to drink. Confucius in film and television works
Confucius wanted to pursue an official career since he was in his 20s, so he paid great attention to world affairs. He often thought about many issues in governing the country and often expressed some opinions. By the age of 30, Already somewhat famous. In the 20th year of Duke Zhao of Lu, Duke Jin of Qi summoned Confucius when he visited Lu and discussed with him the issue of Duke Mu of Qin's dominance. Confucius got to know Duke Jin of Qi. In the 25th year of Duke Zhao of Lu, civil strife broke out in the State of Lu. Duke Zhao of Lu was forced to flee to the State of Qi. Confucius also left the State of Lu. When he arrived in the State of Qi, he was appreciated and treated favorably by Duke Jin of Qi. He even prepared to grant Confucius the fields in the Nixi area, but He was stopped by doctor Yan Ying. In the 27th year of Lu Zhaogong's reign, the officials of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. Confucius heard about it and asked Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can't be used." Confucius had to flee back to Lu in panic. In the State of Lu at that time, the political power was actually in the hands of the officials' retainers, who were called "accompanying ministers in charge of state affairs." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave up until the 9th year of Lu Dinggong was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Central Capital. , Confucius was 51 years old at this time. Confucius governed Zhongdu (today's Wenshang County) for one year. He made outstanding achievements and was promoted to Xiao Sikong. Soon he was promoted to Great Sikou, taking charge of the affairs of the Prime Minister, and the great rule of Lu State was achieved. In the 12th year of Duke Dinggong of Lu, Confucius in order to weaken the Three Huan (the Jisun family, the Shusun family, and the Mengsun family) were called Sanhuan because they were descendants of the three sons of Duke Huan of Lu. At that time, the political power of the Lu state was actually controlled. In their hands, and some of Sanhuan's retainers controlled Sanhuan to varying degrees), measures were taken to destroy the three capitals (i.e., demolish the castles built by Sanhuan). Later, Quan Sandu's action was abandoned halfway, and the conflict between Confucius and Sanhuan was also exposed. In the 13th year of Duke Dinggong of Lu, the State of Qi sent 80 beauties to the State of Lu. The Ji Sun family accepted the female musicians. The monarchs and ministers were obsessed with singing and dancing and ignored government affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon, the State of Lu held a suburban sacrifice. After the sacrifice, they were sent as usual. The meat sacrifices were not given to Confucius when they were given to the officials, which showed that the Ji family did not want to use him anymore. Confucius left the state of Lu as a last resort, went to foreign countries to find a way out, and began a journey around the countries. In this year, Confucius 55 years old. Confucius took his disciples to Wei State first. Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. He gave Confucius a salary of 60,000 yuan according to the salary standard of Lu State, but did not give him any official position or let him participate in political affairs. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered him in front of Wei Linggong, Weilinggong became suspicious of Confucius and sent people to openly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius took his disciples to leave Weiguo and planned to go to Chenguo. . When passing through Kuangcheng, he was besieged for 5 days due to a misunderstanding. He fled Kuangcheng and arrived at Pudi, where he encountered a rebellion by the aristocrat Gongshu of the Wei Kingdom and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to Wei State. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius' master and apprentice had returned from Pudi, and went out of the city to greet him personally. After that, Confucius left Weiguo several times and returned to Weiguo several times. On the one hand, this was because Wei Linggong was good and bad to Confucius. On the other hand, Confucius had no place to go after leaving Weiguo, so he had to return. In the 2nd year of Duke Ai of Lu (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left the state of Wei and went to the state of Chen via Cao, Song, and Zheng. So he sent laborers to besiege Confucius' master and disciples halfway, with no villages in front and no shops in the back. After bringing the food and eating it, he was without food for 7 days. Finally, Zigong found the people of Chu. Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius' master and disciples were saved from death. When Confucius was 64 years old, he returned to the Kingdom of Wei. When he was 68 years old, with the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to the Kingdom of Lu, but he was still respected and not used. In the 16th year of Duke Ai of Lu, Confucius was 73 years old. He fell ill and died without recovery.
He who works so hard that he forgets to eat, and who takes pleasure in forgetting his worries
When he was 62 years old, Confucius once described himself this way: "He is a man who forgets to eat when he is so worked up, and forgets his worries by taking pleasure in it. He does not know how old a general is. At that time, Confucius had led his disciples to travel around the world for 9 years. After going through many hardships, he not only failed to be appointed by the princes, but also almost died. However, Confucius did not retreat despite the difficulties. He remained optimistic and persisted in his ideals, even knowing that It cannot be done but it is done.
Be poor and happy
Confucius said: "Being rich and noble without righteousness is like a floating cloud to me." In Confucius's mind, doing righteousness is the highest value of life. When conflicts arise, he would rather suffer poverty than give up morality. However, his belief in living in poverty and enjoying the Tao cannot be regarded as not seeking wealth, but only seeking to maintain the Tao. This is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Wealth and honor are what people want; if they don't follow the right way, they won't get it. Poverty and lowliness are what people hate; if they don't follow the right way, they won't get it." " Being rich can be sought after, even if it is a man with a whip, I will do it. If it is not possible, I will follow what I like."
Be tireless in learning and tireless in teaching
Confucius is famous for his love of learning. , showed a strong interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was famous at that time and was almost regarded as an omniscient sage. However, Confucius himself did not think so. Confucius said: "If the sage and How can I dare to be benevolent? I am never tired of teaching people." Confucius studied impermanence. He worshiped anyone who had knowledge and knew something he didn't know. Therefore, he said, "If there are three people walking together, there must be one who is my teacher." , choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones."
Go on the straight path
Chronology of life
1 year old: 551 BC. Confucius was born on September 28, 2011 (the 22nd year of Lu Xianggong) in Changping Township, Zouyi, Lu State (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). There are two records about the birth date of Confucius, which are one year apart. This is from "Historical Records: Confucius' Family". 2 years old: Confucius was in Lu in 550 BC (the 23rd year of Lu Xianggong). 3 years old: In 549 BC (the 24th year of Duke Xianggong of Lu), his father's uncle Liang He died and was buried in Fangshan (25 miles east of today's Qufu). Yan Zheng, the mother of Confucius, moved to Queli in Qufu with her son and lived a difficult life. 4 years old: Confucius was in Lu in 548 BC (the 25th year of Duke Xiang of Lu). 5 years old: In 547 BC (the 26th year of Duke Xianggong of Lu), Qin Shang, a disciple of Confucius, was born in Lu. 6 years old: In 546 BC (the twenty-seventh year of Duke Xianggong of Lu), his disciple Zeng Diansheng, Braille Xi, was the father of Zeng Shen. 7 years old: In 545 BC (the 28th year of Duke Xianggong of Lu), his disciple Yan Yao was born. Yao, also known as Wu Yao, also named Ji Lu, was the father of Yan Yuan. 8 years old: In 544 BC (the 29th year of Lu Xianggong), his disciple Ran Gengsheng, courtesy name Boniu, was born in the state of Lu. 9 years old: Confucius was in Lu in 543 BC (the 30th year of Lu Xianggong). In this year, Zheng Guo Zichan came to power. "The capital was well organized, the superiors and subordinates were obeyed, the fields were sealed, and the wells were well staffed." ("The Thirty Years of Duke Xiang of Zuo Zhuan") Zheng Guo was in great power. Later, Confucius spoke highly of Zichan's political achievements. 10 years old: In 542 BC (the thirty-first year of Duke Xianggong of Lu), his disciple Zhong Yousheng, named Zilu, was born in Bian. In that year, Duke Xiang of Lu died, and his son succeeded him as Duke Zhao. 11 years old: 541 BC ( Confucius was in Lu in the second year of Lu Zhaogong. 12 years old: 540 BC (the second year of Lu Zhaogong), a disciple named Ziruo, from Cai. 13 years old: 539 BC (the third year of Lu Zhaogong). 15 years old: 537 BC (the fifth year of Duke Zhao of Lu). As Confucius grew older, he realized that he had to work hard to learn the skills of life and life, so he said: "I am determined to learn at the end of my tenth year." ("The Analects of Confucius") "Wei Zheng") 16 years old, in 536 BC (the sixth year of Lu Zhaogong), Zheng built a punishment tripod. In that year, the Ji family hosted a banquet for a nobleman. Confucius went to the banquet, but was turned away by Yang Hu, a retainer of the Ji family. 19 years old: In 533 BC (the ninth year of Lu Zhaogong), Confucius married Qi Guan, a native of Song Dynasty. His daughter was his wife. 20 years old: In 532 BC (the tenth year of Lu Zhaogong), Qi Guan gave birth to a son. It is said that this was the time when Lu Zhaogong gave Confucius a carp, so he named his son Li, with the courtesy name Boyu. . In this year, Confucius began to work as a commission official, managing warehouses. At the age of 21: In 531 BC (the eleventh year of Lu Zhaogong), Confucius changed his position to farming and managing livestock. Confucius said: "I am a young man, so I can do many things." "("The Analects of Confucius? Zihan") This "despicable matter" should include "commissioning officials" and "taking over fields". 27 years old, 525 BC (the seventeenth year of Lu Zhaogong) Tanzi went to Lu, and Confucius went to Tanzi. Ask about the ancient official system of Tan State.
Confucius opened a private school before and after this. 30 years old: 522 BC (the 20th year of Lu Zhaogong). It has been more than 15 years since he was determined to learn at the age of 15. Confucius has established himself in society through hard work, so it is said that he "established himself at thirty". ("The Analects of Confucius is for Politics" ") In that year, Qi Jinggong and Yan Ying came to visit Lu. Qi Jinggong met with Confucius and discussed with Confucius how Qin Mu Gong's disciples Yan Hui, Ran Yong, Ran Qiu, Shang Qu, and Liang Yisheng were named Yuan and Yong. Zhong Gong, whose courtesy name was Ziyou, and Qu who was named Zimu, were both from the Lu state; Yi, whose courtesy name was Shuyu, was from the Qi state. 31 years old: In 521 BC (the 21st year of Duke Zhao of Lu), his disciples Wuma Shi, Gao Chai, and Mi Buqi. Born: Shi Ziqi, a native of Chen; Chai Zigao, a native of Qi; Buqi, Zijian, a native of Lu. 32 years old: In 520 BC (the 22nd year of Lu Zhaogong), his disciple Duanmu gave birth to Zi. Gong, a native of Wei State. 34 years old: In 518 BC (the 24th year of Lu Zhaogong), Meng Yizi and Nangong Jingshu learned etiquette from Confucius. 35 years old: In 517 BC (the 25th year of Lu Zhaogong), civil strife broke out in the Lu State. "Historical Records of the Confucius Family" says: "Zhao Gong led an army to attack (Ji) Pingzi, and Pingzi fought against the Mengsun family and the Shusun family. Attacked Zhaogong, Zhaogong's army was defeated, and rushed to Qi. "Confucius also arrived in Qi in this year. At the age of 36, in 516 BC (the 26th year of Duke Zhao of Lu), Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about the government. Confucius said to him: "Jun, Jun. "Official ministers, fathers and sons, sons and sons". Confucius was appreciated by Qi Jinggong. Jinggong wanted to seal Confucius with the land of Nixi, but Yanzi stopped him. Confucius heard the music of "Shao" in Qi and was so drunk that he didn't know the taste of meat in March. . 37 years old: In 515 BC (the 27th year of Lu Zhaogong), the Qi officials wanted to harm Confucius, and Confucius returned to Lu from Qi. His son died and was buried between Ying and Bo. His funeral. His disciples, Fan Xu and Yuan Xiansheng, were born in the state of Lu. Confucius believed that it was a righteous act to promote talented people regardless of their relative distance. He said: "It is righteous to not lose relatives if you are close and not to lose relatives if you are far away." 39 years old, in the winter of 513 BC (the 29th year of Lu Zhaogong), Jin Zhu Xingding, Confucius said, "The Jin Dynasty will perish and lose its degree." 40 years old: 512 BC (the 30th year of Lu Zhaogong). After decades of training, I have a clearer understanding of various issues in life. , so it is said that "there is no doubt at the age of forty". Disciple Tantai Mie Mingsheng, Ziyu, 41 years old: In 511 BC (the 31st year of Lu Zhaogong), disciple Chen Kangsheng. , a native of the state of Chen. 42 years old: Duke Zhao died in 510 BC (the 32nd year of Duke Zhao of Lu), and Duke Ding was born. 43 years old: In 509 BC (the first year of Duke Ding of Lu), his disciple Gongxi Chi was born. 45 years old: In 507 BC (the third year of Lu Dinggong), his disciple Bu Shangsheng was born in Wei. 46 years old: In 506 BC (the fourth year of Lu Dinggong), his disciple Yan Yansheng was born. Born in the state of Wu. 47 years old: In 505 BC (the fifth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu), his disciples Zeng Shen and Yan Xingsheng were born in the state of Lu. 48 years old: In 504 BC (the sixth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu), Yang Hu, a retainer of the Ji family, became more and more powerful. Confucius called it "accompanying ministers to carry out the destiny of the country." ("The Analects of Confucius? Ji Family") "Historical Records of the Confucius Family" says: "Accompanying ministers to govern the country... Therefore, Confucius did not serve as an official, but retreated to study "Poems", "Books", "Rites", and "Music". He had many disciples, who came from far away, and no one lost his karma." Yang Hu wanted to see Confucius. , Confucius did not want to see Yang Hu, and the latter two met on the road. Yang Hu persuaded Confucius to become an official, but Confucius did not express his position clearly. This happened in the fifth or sixth year of Lu Dinggong: 503 BC. In the seventh year of Duke Dinggong's reign, he was a disciple of Master Zhuan. Gongshan Funuo Yifei Pan, Zhao, Zi Lu did not say. "51 years old: In 501 BC (the ninth year of Lu Dinggong), Confucius was the governor of Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year. , had outstanding political achievements, and his disciples were Ran Lu, Cao Qian, Bo Qian, and Yan Gao. Shu Zhonghuisheng was born in the state of Lu. Gao Zijiao, a native of Lu: Hui Ziqi. 52 years old: In 500 BC (the tenth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu), Confucius was promoted from Zhongdu to Xiao Sikong, and later to Grand Sikou and Prime Minister. Following Dinggong and the Marquis of Qi, they met in Jiagu.
Confucius was vigilant and prepared in advance when Qi State invited Lu Jun to meet in Jiagu. Therefore, not only did Qi State's plot to kidnap Dinggong fail, but he also forced Qi State to agree to return the land of Yun, Bo, Guiyin and other lands that had been invaded and occupied by Lu State. 53 years old: In 499 BC (the eleventh year of Duke Dinggong of Lu), Confucius became the commander of Lu Sikou, and the state of Lu was under great rule. 54 years old: In 498 BC (the twelfth year of Lu Dinggong), Confucius became a Lu Sikou. In order to weaken Sanhuan, measures were taken to destroy the three capitals. In order to weaken the power of their retainers, the Shusun family and the Jisun family supported Confucius's idea. However, this action was resisted by the Mengsun family's retainer Gong Lian Chufu, who secretly supported Gong Lian Chufu. The action of falling into Sandu was abandoned halfway. Disciple Gongsun Longsheng. Zishi, named Long, was from Chu State. 55 years old: In the spring of 497 BC (the thirteenth year of Lu Dinggong), Qi State sent 80 beauties to Lu State. Ji Huanzi accepted female music, and the monarchs and ministers were obsessed with singing and dancing, and ignored the government affairs for many days. Confucius and the Ji family were at odds. Confucius left the state of Lu and went to the state of Wei. In October, Confucius suffered from slander and left Wei State for Chen State. Passing through Kuangdi, they were besieged. After passing through Pudi, they encountered the rebellion of the Gongshu family, and Confucius and his disciples were besieged again. Later he returned to Weidu. 56 years old. In 496 BC (the fourteenth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu), Confucius was summoned by Nanzi, the wife of Duke Linggong of Wei, in the state of Wei. Zilu was extremely dissatisfied with Confucius' meeting with Nanzi and criticized Confucius. When Confucius heard the news that Zheng Guozi had given birth, he was very sad and praised Zichan as "the beloved from ancient times". 57 years old: In 495 BC (the fifteenth year of Lu Dinggong) Confucius went to defend Julu. In the fifth month of summer, Duke Ding of Lu died, and Duke Ai of Lu died. 58 years old: In 494 BC (the second year of Lu Ai Gong), Confucius lived in Lu. The envoys of the State of Wu hired Lu and asked Confucius about the "bone joint special carriage". 59 years old: 493 BC (the second year of Lu Ai Gong) Confucius came from Lu To Wei. Duke Lin of Wei asked Confucius, but Confucius politely refused. Confucius could not live in the state of Wei, so he went west through the state of Wei and went to the state of Song. In order to harm Confucius, Confucius walked away in disguise. In 492 BC (the third year of Lu Aigong), Confucius said that he was "sixty years old and obedient". When his disciples came to look for him, they were ridiculed and called "tired as a lost dog." Confucius smiled happily and said, "Yes, yes!" 61 years old: 491 BC (the fourth year of Duke Ai of Lu) Confucius left Chen for Cai. 62 Age: 490 BC (the fifth year of Duke Ai of Lu) Confucius came to Ye from Cai. Ye Gong consulted Confucius and discussed moral issues related to integrity. On the way to Ye and back to Cai, Confucius met a hermit. : In 489 BC (the sixth year of Duke Aigong of Lu), Confucius and his disciples were trapped between Chen and Cai without food. Many disciples fell ill due to hunger and hunger, and were later rescued by the people of Chu. Returning to the defense from Chu, they met a hermit on the way. 64 years old: In 488 BC (the seventh year of Duke Ai of Lu), Confucius was in Wei. He advocated that in order to govern the country of Wei, he must first correct his name. 65 years old: In 487 BC (the eighth year of Duke Ai of Lu), Confucius was in Wei. Defeated. Confucius's disciple Youruo participated in the war with merit. 66 years old: Confucius died in Wei in 486 BC (the 10th year of Lu Aigong). 68 years old: In 484 BC (the eleventh year of Duke Ai of Lu), the Qi army attacked Lu. Confucius' disciple Ran Youshuai fought with the Qi army and won. Ji Kangzi asked Ran where his commanding ability came from. Said "Learn from Confucius". Ji Kangzi sent people to welcome Confucius back to Lu. Confucius traveled around the country for 14 years. At this time, Ji Kangzi wanted to do "Tian Fu", but Confucius said to Ran You: "This is the journey of a gentleman. "It's all about propriety. Give what you have, take what you have, and take what's thin." In this way, the hills are enough." 69 years old: 483 BC (the twelfth year of Duke Ai of Lu) Confucius still wanted to be in politics, but he was not used. Confucius continued to engage in education and document compilation. Confucius' son Kong Li died at the age of 70: 482 BC (the 13th year of Duke Ai of Lu). Confucius said that "when he was seventy, he followed his heart's desires and did not exceed the rules." Yan Hui died. Very sad. 71 years old: 481 BC (the fourteenth year of Duke Ai of Lu). It was the spring of the year when I was hunting for Lin. Confucius thought this was not a good sign and said: "My way is poor." So he stopped compiling "Spring and Autumn". June Qi Chen Heng of the state killed Duke Jian of Qi. Confucius met Duke Ai of Lu and San Huan and asked the state of Lu to send troops to attack Chen Huan, but he did not get support. 72 years old: 480 BC (the fifteenth year of Duke Ai of Lu) Confucius heard about the coup of Wei State and had a premonition. Zilu was in danger of death. Confucius was very sad. In April of 479 BC (the 16th year of Duke Ai of Lu), Confucius fell ill and died in the north of Lu.
Duke Ai of Lu said: "God is not willing to leave an old man behind, leaving only one person to reign, and I feel guilty for being alone. How sad! Ni father! You have no self-discipline." Many disciples guarded his tomb for three years, and Zigong guarded his tomb for six years. Hundreds of disciples and Lu people came home from the tomb, so they were named Kongli. Confucius' former residence was converted into a temple, and Confucius was worshiped by people. Unofficial history records that Zeng Xi, Ran You, and Gong Xihua sat in attendance. Weber enters and dances to Weber. You guys are all blind! If you know the rituals and music, you will be a gentleman. Mo Zhi was able to control it and said: "How can you stop it?" Weber said: "You are walking through the window, I can stop it here!" Zi tried to do it, but Weber touched it and made it fall, and Zi died.