F-22 is the first and only fourth-generation supersonic fighter in the world, and its "supersonic cruise, super maneuverability, stealth and maintainability" has become the de facto epoch-making standard of the fourth-generation supersonic fighter.
radar reflector = two pieces of A4 paper.
The F-22 is a new generation fighter aircraft jointly developed by Lockheed, Boeing and General Dynamics. For the first time, the plan requires five characteristics to be concentrated on one aircraft, namely, low detectability, high maneuverability and agility (stealth), supersonic cruise (instead of short-term supersonic sprint), high payload and long enough range. Let's take the F-22 as an example to see the "advanced" features of the fourth-generation fighter.
the f-22 has a wingspan of 13.56m; The fuselage is 18.92 meters long; The machine is 5 meters high; The wing area is 78.8 square meters. The F-22 adopts a single-seat layout with double vertical tails and two engines. The vertical tail is tilted 27 degrees outward, which is just on the edge of the general stealth design. The air inlets on both sides are under the wing, and it has stealth design to suppress infrared radiation. The main wing and the horizontal tail adopt the same swept-back angle and trailing-edge swept-forward angle, and the bubble-shaped canopy protrudes from the front upper part of the fuselage.
the special shape and the coating that can absorb electric waves make the effective radar reflection area of the fighter only ? It is about 1 square meter, which is equivalent to the area of two A4 sheets.
supersonic cruise, fast break and fast run
The power unit adopts two F119-PW-1 turbofan engines with afterburner. The maximum flying speed is 1,95 kilometers per hour, the maximum flying speed near the ground is 1,48 kilometers per hour, the actual maximum flying height is 18, meters, and the combat radius is about 1,5 kilometers. The F-22 can fly continuously for 3 minutes at the speed of Mach 1.58 without engine afterburner (Mach 1 is equivalent to 1 time the speed of sound).
A fighter with supersonic cruise capability will have great advantages in combat. It can quickly approach the target, quickly leave after the attack, intercept enemy planes in further airspace, and carry out multiple attacks on the enemy. The F-22 also has a high STOL capability and can take off and land on a 5-meter-long runway. This performance enables it to take off in short runway mini-airport, or take off on the remaining runway after the airport is destroyed.
Over-the-horizon combat preemption
In modern warfare, the position and role of over-the-horizon air combat are increasingly prominent, so the over-the-horizon combat capability of the F-22 has been highly valued at the design stage. The medium-range air-to-air missile used by the F-22 fighter is mainly AIM-12C. This new generation of air-to-air missile, which is called "no matter after launch", has the ability of active radar homing and automatic guidance. It can strike accurately outside the line of sight, and cooperate with the stealth capability of the aircraft, so that the F-22 can find the target first, launch weapons first, and grasp the initiative in the battlefield.
The F-22 has three internal weapon bays: two of them are arranged along the air inlet and can accommodate AIM-9 missiles; The other weapon cabin is in the lower part of the fuselage, which can accommodate six AIM-12C medium-range air-to-air missiles. When carrying out the ground attack mission, the weapon bay under the fuselage can also be equipped with two AIM-12C missiles, two JDAM-1 guided bombs and an auxiliary fuel tank with a weight of 454kg. Of course, external weapons will greatly lose the stealth ability of flight. The F-2 is also equipped with a built-in cannon M61A2.
Multi-purpose air-to-ground fighter
As the "fourth generation fighter", the F-22 is also a multi-purpose fighter, which can be used in air combat and has strong ground attack capability. Multi-purpose aircraft has the following advantages: first, it helps to shorten the development cycle, second, it can save development funds, and third, it helps to improve operational flexibility and overall operational capability.
The JDAM-1 that can be mounted on the F-22 is an advanced ground attack weapon. JDAM, also called "joint direct attack munition", is guided by the satellite positioning system (GPS), which is an all-weather and self-searching conventional bomb. The tail of the bomb is equipped with a GPS global positioning system device, which can be free from clouds, fog and other bad weather restrictions. The general attack error is within 13 meters, and the system reliability can reach 95%.
2. Su -37 fighter
A single-seat dual-engine multi-role fighter developed by Sukhoi Company of Russia on the basis of Su -35. First flight in April 1996. The aircraft adopts three-wing aerodynamic layout and thrust vector control technology, and is equipped with two AL-37UF thrust vector engines, with a maximum afterburning thrust of 18 kN and a thrust-to-weight ratio of 8.7. The captain is 22.2 meters, the aircraft height is 6.4 meters, the wingspan is 14.7 meters, the maximum take-off weight is 34 tons, the maximum level flying speed is Mach 2.35, the service ceiling is 18,8 meters, the maximum range is 3,3 kilometers (6,5 kilometers for refueling in the air), and the combat radius is 1,4 kilometers. The nose is equipped with a N11M phased array fire control radar with a maximum detection distance of 15 kilometers, which can track 15 targets at the same time and attack 6 of them at the same time. The tail is equipped with a rear-view radar, which can attack the chasing target. The airborne weapon has a 3mm gun, 17 external racks, and can be hung with 14 air-to-air missiles, including R-73 short-range combat air-to-air missile and R27/77 medium-range air-to-air missile. It can also carry Kh/29/31/41/59 air-to-ground missiles, various bombs and rockets, with a maximum bomb load of 8,5kg.
3. Su -35 fighter
The new Su-35 air-to-air fighter is the direct successor of the Su -27 fighter, and it belongs to the same level as the American F-22 and the European EF2. Simonov, chief designer of Sukhoi Design Bureau, said: Su -35 aircraft has the ability to compete with the next generation of advanced fighters in Europe and F-22A fighters in the United States.
the su -35 aircraft adopts the aerodynamic layout of wing body and the technology of relaxing static stability, and has a pair of small full-motion canard front wings, which is a modern three-wing layout (normal layout plus front wings). The front wing of the aircraft adopts a full fly-by-wire control system with a deflection range of-15 to+1. The front wing can not only improve the stability and maneuverability of the aircraft at high angle of attack, but also reduce the aerodynamic load on the fuselage and wing root, which is helpful to make the stability overload reach 1 g.
The power plant of Su -35 is two L-35 turbofan engines with control thrust vector system, which improves the maneuverability of the aircraft. The new airborne electronic equipment, with multifunctional Doppler radar, has dual functions of air-to-air and air-to-ground and anti-interference ability. The detection distance of Su-35 radar to targets such as fighters is 165 ~ 245 kilometers, and the detection distance to bombers, early warning aircraft or large transport aircraft can reach 4 kilometers. It can track 15 air targets at the same time and attack 6 targets with missiles at the same time.
The Su -35 aircraft also adopted the rear-view fire control radar technology for the first time, which can guide the rear-launched short-range air-to-air missile specially developed by Russia. Under the wing of Su -35 fighter, there is a rotating launcher which can rotate horizontally by 18 degrees. It can rotate automatically or according to the pilot's instructions. In other words, the missile launched by Su -35 can be launched into the back hemisphere, which is often called "over-the-shoulder launch", which is the most unique design of Su-35.
Su-35 is equipped with a 3mm cannon and 12 external points, which can carry 12 long-range and medium-range missiles and short-range combat air-to-air missiles (equipped with active, semi-active and passive radar homing heads and infrared homing heads). For example, the R-77 medium-range missile can destroy enemy planes at 7 kilometers. Another missile with extended range can destroy air targets at a distance of 11 kilometers. Air-to-ground weapons include tactical cruise missiles with a range of 15 kilometers, anti-radar missiles, anti-ship missiles, and laser or TV guided bombs.
Another feature of Su -35 aircraft weapon system is that it can perform aerobatics such as Tailditch, Cobra and Super Cobra. Su -35 can perform Cobra and Super Cobra maneuvers for a short time, making the flight stand up 9 ~ 12 degrees. At this time, the radar and photoelectric aiming system can automatically intercept the target, and at the same time, the system issues instructions to launch two missiles. Su-35 aircraft is not only used to seize air superiority, but also can be used to carry out long-distance, high-precision and effective strikes against ground and sea targets.
The fly in the ointment is that the Su-35 aircraft has poor stealth ability and cannot cruise at supersonic speed, which is a pity for the latest generation of fighters.
4F-18 fighter
F-18F-18F-18F is a carrier-based fighter, and A-18 is a carrier-based attack aircraft. Because they are developed on the basis of the same prototype, that is, one aircraft and two types, with completely different airframes, they are collectively called F/A-1B and nicknamed "Bumblebee". When the prototype was developed, the US Navy also put forward the requirement of developing a multi-role fighter. At that time, it was called the VFAX plan, and later it was renamed the Naval Air Combat Fighter Plan. In 1974, Northrop's YF-17 failed in the prototype competition of YF-16. Fortunately, Northrop's work was not in vain. In 1975, their YF-17 was selected by the Navy. This is the prototype of the F/A-18.
In January p>1976, the US Navy signed a contract with McDonnell Douglas and jointly developed the F/A-18 "Bumblebee" with McDonnell Douglas (now merged into Boeing, called Bomai Company) and Northrop. After further prototype test flight, production manufacturing and test flight, the combat capability was initially formed in January 1983. The US Navy and Marine Corps ordered 1366 aircraft, in addition, 138 aircraft were ordered by Canada, 75 aircraft were ordered by Australia and 84 aircraft were ordered by Spain, all of which have been partially delivered. The F-18A Hornet is a single-seat and dual-engine carrier-based combat attack aircraft. There are six types, such as YF/A-18A/B, F/A-18A, RF-18A, F/A-18B, F/A-18C and F/A-18D. * * * produced 1,137 aircraft, of which 15 were two-seat coaches and 112 were reconnaissance aircraft.
the f-18a hornet is the first production type, which is mainly used for fleet air defense and ship protection of carrier-based attack aircraft, and some aircraft are also used for air-to-surface attack missions.
the main fire control equipment includes AN/AVQ-28 head-up display, AN/AYK-14 central task computer (2 sets), AN/APG-65 pulse Doppler radar, multi-function display, store management device, AN/AWG-21 anti-radiation missile (AGM-78) controller, etc. The display in the cockpit of the aircraft carrying out air-to-ground attack has some changes, and it is equipped with forward-looking infrared (FLIR) and laser spot tracker (LST).
F/A-18E/F is the latest modification, which is mainly characterized by increasing the voyage, adding a pylon on each wing, and increasing the maximum mounting capacity of the pylon on the inner wing to 24kg, increasing the bomb load and improving the combat capability. About 9% of its electronic system is common with F/A-18C/D, and AN/APG-73 (the modification of AN/APG-65) is selected as the radar.
the weapon control system of f-18a hornet fighter includes four main parts: attack display subsystem, data processing subsystem, parameter measurement (sensor) subsystem and store management/control subsystem.
the attack display subsystem includes AN/AVQ-28 head-up display and three identical cathode ray tube down-looking displays-MFD, Master Monitor Display-MMD and Horizontal Situation Display-HSD. The main monitoring display displays the alarm information and inquiry information of all aircraft systems. It is also a backup device for multi-function display, which can display forward-looking infrared information. The horizontal display is the main navigation display. The data processing subsystem includes more than 3 computers, such as AN/AYK-14 central task computer (two computers working in parallel), radar signal processor, radar data processor, store management computer, display computer, flight control computer and air data computer. The total program is about 779K. Table 3.1 lists the CPU and storage capacity of several main programmable and ROM computers.
the parameter measurement subsystem includes AN/APG-65 radar, AN/ASN-13 inertial navigation device, AN/AAS-38 forward-looking infrared device, AN/ASQ-173 laser irradiation/range finder and atmospheric data sensor.
the store management and control subsystem includes AN/AYQ-9 store management system and AN/AWG-21 missile controller.
F/A-18 is a supersonic multi-purpose combat/attack aircraft, which is mainly characterized by good reliability and maintainability, strong survivability, good flying performance at high angle of attack and high weapon projection accuracy. It is reported that the aircraft body is designed according to the service life of 6, flight hours, the average failure interval of airborne electrical equipment is 3 flight hours, and the mean time between failure of radar is 1 hours. Up to now, there are 9 types of F/A-18 * * *, including single-seater and double-seater. The number of F/A-18A/B exported to Canada, F/A-18A/B exported to Australia, EF-18 exported to Spain, and a multi-purpose shore-based type for export is F/A-. If it is an attack plane after changing some weapons, it can carry out the mission of attacking the ground.
The wing span is 11.43 meters, the captain is 17.7 meters and the height of the plane is 4.66 meters. The take-off weight is 15,74 kg (air combat) and 22,328 kg (ground attack); The maximum level flying speed is 191km/h (high altitude), the service ceiling is 15,24m, the operational radius is 74km (air combat) and 1,65km (ground attack), and the transition range is 3,7km (no aerial refueling). The airborne equipment includes the AN/AGP-65 multifunctional digital air-to-air and air-to-ground tracking radar of Hughes. In the air-to-air working state, it can track 1 targets and display 8 targets to pilots. In addition, it has ALR-67 radar warning receiver, four-redundancy flight control system and two Ayk-14 digital computers, as well as Litton's inertial navigation system, two Caesar's multi-function displays and Freundy/Bendiks's central screen display and visual display, etc.
The main weapons are a 2mm gun and 57 rounds of ammunition. The two outer wing pylons can carry air-to-ground or air-to-air weapons, including AIM-7 Sparrow and AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles. Two inner wing pylons can be equipped with auxiliary fuel tanks or air-to-ground weapons; The two racks located under the engine nacelle can carry "sparrow" missiles or Martin? Mary ETA company.