Insect species in the world account for more than 75% of the world's animals, and insects are closely related to human production and life. It plays an important role in the global ecological environment. The Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is one of the areas with poor plant species in Shandong, with monotonous vegetation types and few insect species.
Before the founding of New China, there was little information about insects in the Yellow River Delta, and there was little special research. After the founding of New China, with the development of national economy and the needs of agricultural and forestry production, forest protection and agricultural protection have gradually been put on the right track. The research on forest and agricultural insects has also attracted attention at all levels. In the 196s, Shandong Province organized the first systematic insect survey, and then successively carried out the general survey of forest insects and agricultural insects in the whole province. Observation and investigation points were also set up in nature reserves, and specimen collection was carried out, which cooperated with the systematic survey in the whole province. In the early 198s. Working together in the forestry department? Paper? Xin Ship Huai Steady? Shanna? Throw it? Pick a proud and instant bran, and the island will be evenly distributed; で? [14] Hospital? Hey? Is it a Tatar school? Is yue コ playful and vulgar? Nuo Tatar? Feeding? Eh, xian curtain? Hey? What's the story? ⒘ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉ ⒉? Uniform locust; で? コ コ コ? What's the matter? /P>
1. Flora composition and distribution characteristics
(1) Flora composition
Insects are members of biological communities. Besides physiological and genetic reasons, the distribution of insects is influenced by the topography, landforms, climate, soil and vegetation composition of each region. At the same time, agricultural insects, as an important part of insects, are also affected by the species composition of cultivated plants, farming system, variety layout and stubble. The influence of a series of agricultural measures such as cultivation techniques and management measures. Affected by the salinization of soil, high groundwater level, simple vegetation composition, and most of the farming methods of one crop a year, extensive planting and thin harvest, there are fewer species of insects in the nature reserve. According to the investigation results and relevant literature records, there are 478 species of insects distributed in the nature reserve, belonging to 118 families of 12 orders.
1. Objective Composition
According to the statistics of the number of species contained in each order, there are 5 orders containing 1-3 species, accounting for 41.7% of all orders; Contains 31? There are 4 orders of species, accounting for 33.3% of all orders; Coleoptera (71 species), Hymenoptera (87 species) and Lepidoptera (123 species), which contain more than 71 species, account for 25% of all orders, but the number of species they contain accounts for 58.8% of the insect species in nature reserves.
2. Composition of families
According to the number of insect species in each family, there are 41 families with one species, accounting for 34.7% of all families, but the number of insect species in nature reserves only accounts for 8.6% of the total number of insects; Contains 2? There are 47 families, accounting for 39.8% of all families; There are 137 species of insects, accounting for 28.7% of the total number of insects in nature reserves; There are 23 families with 5-14 species, including 154 species of insects, accounting for 32.2% of the total species of insects in nature reserves; There are 7 families with more than 15 species, including Acridoidea (21 species), Aphidae (26 species), Syrphidae (15 species), Hymenoptera (15 species), Aphididae (16 species), Lepidoptera (19 species) and Noctuidae (35 species).
3. Ecological distribution of insects
From the distribution types of insects in different vegetation types in nature reserves, insects in nature reserves are mainly distributed in farmland vegetation types. There are 372 species, including Chilo suppressalis, Artogeia rapae and Aphis glycines, which account for 77.8% of the total number of insects in nature reserves, followed by those distributed in deciduous broad-leaved forests and tamarisk shrubs. There are 25 species, such as Aphis robiniae, Bruchophagusphilorobiniae and Clania variegata, accounting for 42.9% of the total number of insects in the nature reserve. Insects distributed in meadow vegetation and reed marshes are the least, and 192 species, including Chilo lutellus, Locusta migratoriamanilensis and Capitophorus javanicus, account for 4.2% of the total number of insects in nature reserves (note: some insects are widely distributed, both in farmland and forests, or in meadow vegetation types.
(2) geographical division
Shandong province belongs to the Huanghuai temperate grain and cotton subregion in the Palaearctic realm and North China (Zhang Zurong, 1979). Ma Shijun (1959) thought that this sub-region is the oldest agricultural region in China and the main producing area of cotton, wheat, coarse cereals and tobacco, and its insect fauna is mainly controlled by oriental species. However, due to the lack of a big barrier to hinder the distribution of insects in the plain area and the influence of human farming for thousands of years, the southern and northern regions are mixed in this sub-region.
according to the research of associate professor gu yun of Laiyang agricultural college on the fauna of agricultural insects in Shandong province, Shandong province can be divided into five fauna, which are Jiaodong hilly area, Jiaohuaihe valley plain area, Lubei plain coastal area, south-central hilly area of Shandong province and south-depression area of western Shandong province. The nature reserve is located in the coastal sub-region of Lubei Plain. This area has high groundwater level, high salinity, large saline soil area, few tall trees, and a large area of beach wasteland, and its insect and species composition has its own characteristics compared with other regions or subregions.
1. The species of insects in nature reserves are mainly from palearctic. Secondly, there are widespread species in palearctic and Oriental region, but few species in Oriental region. For example, there are 8 species of gill scarabaeidae distributed in the nature reserve: Holotuichia oblita, Holotrichia trivhophora, Apogonia chinensis, Apoianoacupreoviridis, Melolontha trater, Serica orientalis, Maladera verticalis, and Maladera ovatula. Six species of scarabaeidae: Anomala corpulenta, Anomala exoleta, Popillia Quadri Gutta, Popillia mutans, Adoretus hirsutus and Proagopertha lrcidula. There are few species of oriental insects, such as stinkbug, stinkbug, and so on, with this area as the northern limit of Shandong Province.
2. Because of the relationship between geology and vegetation, there are fewer insect species in the nature reserve than in other flora in Shandong Province, and some insects that can be seen in other areas of Shandong Province, such as Holotuichia parallela, are not found only in this area, but there are some insect species that are not found or rare in other areas in the nature reserve, such as Lepidoptera cinerea, stinkbug, etc.
3. Because there is no natural barrier, the insects in the nature reserve communicate with other areas in Shandong Province to a great extent. For example, there are many * * species in the nature reserve, Jiaolai Valley Plain, Lubei Plain Sub-area and the northern part of Taiyi Mountain area, but they are far from the hilly area of Jiaodong and the southern part of Taiyi Mountain area (some materials come from Gu Yun's Geographical Division of Agricultural Insects in Shandong).
Terrestrial invertebrates
This section * * * contains 117 species of animals, which belong to 3 phyla, 5 orders and 45 families, of which 59 are arachnids at most. The species in this section are a group of invertebrates that do not depend mainly on water, mainly including arachnids and some parasites. Many species of arachnida are beneficial to agriculture and forestry, and parasites are mainly pests parasitic on livestock. Insects are described in section 6.
Protozoa * * describes 32 species of animals belonging to 18 families and 2 orders. Its main hosts are cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and other important breeding animals, and its parasitic parts are mainly digester palace (including intestine, stomach, etc.).
The phylum Platycladus * * describes 17 species of animals belonging to 8 families and 2 orders. Among them, the main hosts are sheep, cattle, chickens, rabbits and other animals, and the parasitic range is wide. Its parasitic parts not only include digestive organs, but also go deep into the host's connective tissue and muscle tissue.
Arachnida * * * describes 68 species of animals belonging to 19 families and 1 order. Among them, Tetranychidae, which is harmful to agricultural and forestry crops, has strong adaptability and wide distribution, and is an important control object.