First, the side (point)
The key points are the shortest strokes, natural lack of trend, weak movements and poor writing. It is easy to become an inward-looking circle, isolated from the surrounding strokes in a closed form, which looks bleak. The ancients said that if you don't show it, it will be dark. "The dark corner hides, and the book is absent." That's what it means. So there are two ways to remedy it. First, it emphasizes the pen posture, starting with the pen exposure, and connecting the pen exposure with the next pen. By exposing the front face and the front face and the upper and lower strokes, the echo relationship of looking around is established, and at the same time, the inward characteristics of points are broken and the outward tension of strokes is increased. Second, emphasize posture, so that its shape is neither too flat nor too straight, because both flat and straight are static, so that it can tilt left and right, creating momentum, and only with the cooperation of other strokes can it maintain balance, thus creating an interdependent relationship with other strokes and strengthening the relationship between strokes. Because of this, the point is called "side" in Eight Laws of Yongzi, and Jiang Baishi said in Continued Book Score: "The point and the eyebrow of the word are all different from the direction of the word", "forward" refers to the pen gesture, and "backward" refers to the posture.
As mentioned in the previous chapter, each stroke of a Chinese character has three parts: the head and the tail, and so does the dot. Sun's book spectrum says, "within one minute, it is extremely frustrating." Because the movement process of the point is very short, it is difficult to complete these three actions, and two problems are easy to appear. First, it is convenient to press it, and it will be closed when pressed. The strokes are thin and simple, and there is no emptiness. Second, I dare not press the key hard, because the writing of dots is as ups and downs as "peaks and falling rocks", which is the most emotional of all strokes. If you don't emphasize the action of lifting and pressing, it will make the work lack passion.
Second, music (horizontal)
The horizontal line is very long. If the strokes are too fast and smooth, the strokes will appear thin and empty. Therefore, in the process of writing, we can't trust Monday morning quarterback. You must rein in the reins and be steady step by step to be stable. The "eight-character method" is called "le", which is very vivid. Li Shimin's Calligraphy Tactics says: "It's too late to paint". The specific method of calligraphy is that when you use a pen, if there is something in front of you, you will try your best to fight it, and your hands will shake unexpectedly. In this way, your strokes will rise and fall, like a thousand miles of clouds.
Third, Nu (vertical)
Calligraphy emphasizes horizontal and vertical, but they are not rigid in geometry. They emphasize feeling, as long as it feels straight, even arcs and curves can be used. Moreover, arcs and curves have postures and are more vivid. Therefore, the "eight-character method" called the vertical "anger", which was the name of "crossbow" in ancient times, and the vertical painting was named after "anger". One is bent like a crossbow, and the other is full of strength. Liu Zongyuan's Ode to Eight Laws says that "straightness leads to defeat", Yan Zhenqing's Ode to Eight Laws says that "hardness leads to curvature", and Tang Taizong wrote that "regularity must be hard ... if you push too hard, you will lose your strength".
Fourth, the hook.
Chinese characters have no hooks in seal script and sub-script, and hooks in regular script are evolved from strokes. Finally, the pen is not high enough. If you are in a hurry to take the next pen, take out a tie and use this sorted tie as a part of the next pen, that is, a tick. Hook is the product of the continuous writing of up and down strokes, and it is a jumping process from down to up, so the "eight-word method" is called "qi" In ancient Chinese, there are two meanings, namely, "Poetry calls south, grass bugs": "grass bugs, grass bugs", which means jumping. Su Shi's "On Jia Yi": "There is a will to move far away", which means that it is far away. Understanding the two meanings of ancient Chinese is very helpful for writing. First of all, you should accumulate strength in front, and then suddenly jump up. If you hesitate a little, your strength will be weak, and you will lose your original meaning and have the premise of "backing". Yan Zhenqing's Ode to the Eight Laws says, "Jun Jun is as fast as an awl", and Tang Taizong's Calligraphy says, "You must write and improvise", which is what it means.
V. Policies (Pick)
Pick a horizontal pervert. A relatively long horizontal picture goes from left to right. Generally, after writing halfway, you have to press the pen to gain momentum, and finally you write back to the front, echoing the next pen on the left. Jumping is a relatively short horizontal painting, and the starting point of the next stroke is on its right. When you start running, you can keep up with the trend. You don't need to draw the pen horizontally. So it's actually the first half of the horizontal painting. The "eight-character method" is a metaphor for riding a horse and drawing horizontally. It is called pulling the reins completely and half of it is called "strategy", which means whipping, which is very vivid. Comments on the Eight Methods of Yongzi holds that "the brushwork is just and upright" and the brushwork is similar, both of which are faster when you write, and you will get out when you gain momentum.
Six, prey (dragon)
The purpose of this change is to write continuously with the next stroke. The next stroke of a long stroke is on the right side of the pen collection point, which requires a long transition. The process of raising a pen is like a bird sweeping down the eaves, so the "eight-character method" is called sweeping. Liu Zongyuan's "Eight Laws" said: "Pasturing is light on the left." Emperor Taizong's "Decision on Writing Methods" said: "If you want to leave, you must plunder, take risks and work hard. If you plunder, you will benefit from the pen. " Long and sharp, the shape should be slightly curved, the force should be uniform, and the potential should be smooth and smooth. Most people write with their right hand, and their left hand is long, which is awkward, and the front is prone to drift and fatigue. We must train hard.
Seven, peck (short)
Pecking painting and grazing are the same in shape, but a little shorter, so most people now call it skimming regardless of pecking or grazing. In fact, there is a difference between these two ways of writing. The next stroke of the sweep is on the right, which is very long and has a sweeping process; The next peck is on the left side of the trend, very short. Peck painting is slightly backward in writing, that is, it is inclined to the left, sharp and fast, sharp as a bird peck, hence the name. Liu Zongyuan's Ode to the Eight Laws says: "peck it, but hide it hastily", Yan Zhenqing's Ode to the Eight Laws says: "peck it, soar and advance", and Kang Youwei's "Two Boats in Wide Benefit" says: "pecking must be strict". The relationship between pecking and skimming is exactly the same as that between strategy and music, and they are all part of the latter, which can be used for reference.
Eight, cut (si)
The original meaning of the tomb is "splitting the sacrificial body", so it is inconceivable to name this painting. If you look closely, you can explain it this way. Fenshu is also called Bafen, and the words Bafen and Fen are all taught as "Bie Ye" in Shuowen Jiezi. Eight is pictographic, and the shape of an object is relative. The word "fen" is added next to the knife to indicate the instruments used. Compared with seal script, chalk script is characterized by splitting the zigzag into a combination structure of left, right, up and down, and exaggerating the horizontal direction of the left and right strokes, making the zigzag from long to flat. The meaning and shape of "eight" accurately reflect the two characteristics of the book. After Zizi developed into regular script, stippling began to have different names for the needs of theoretical research (there was no apostrophe before). Apostrophe and apostrophe are similar to the figure of eight, so according to its meaning, the left side is called grazing and the right side is called grazing. "Mu Biography" Volume 5: "I ordered people to plunder the forest" and plundered it as "felling". Left-handed and right-handed, which merge into the meaning of "eight", are opposite to each other. Specifically, the left side is called "sweep" because from coarse to fine, there is a tendency to look back, similar to the meaning of "brush" contained in the word "sweep", and the right side is called "sweep" because from fine to coarse, the intensity is gradually increased and bigger.
To sum up, the "Eight Methods of Permanent Characters" actually refers to the eight basic stippling methods of Chinese characters, which are carefully analyzed. Hook (hook) is the product of continuous writing of strokes, is a gesture after finishing, and belongs to the subsidiary part of strokes. The strategy (picking) is a half-stroke (horizontal) peck (short left) or a half-stroke (long left), and there are similarities in form and writing. Therefore, in a strict sense, there are only five kinds of basic stippling with Chinese characters: horizontal, vertical, left, right and dot.
-Excerpt from Calligraphy Guide