The surname method of *** has its own national characteristics. Some are based on a certain character in the name of the ancestors taught by ***, and some are based on a certain character in the original name of their ancestors; Some of those given surnames by the emperor took the initiative to use Han surnames; some were given surnames after Hui people, some were given surnames after their places of residence, and many were forced to change their surnames. (1) Take *** to teach sages and ancestors to establish a surname with one character in their names. As the saying goes: "Ten ***, nine horses, and the rest are named Salah." The horse surname *** can be found all over the country. *** The first surname in . According to a survey conducted by a man named Ma in the Qing Dynasty who traveled through the three provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, there were "twenty-seven surnames of Ma, with the same surname but different clans" in the three provinces. In the *** settlement area, some entire villages, villages, and alleys are inhabited by *** with the surname Ma, and there are villages named after the surname Ma, such as Majiazhuang, Majiawan, Majiazhai, etc. There are so many people with the surname Ma, and the main ways to get the surname are as follows: First, it is taken from the transliteration of the original name of ***. *** There are many names with the sound of horse in their original names. For example, the descendants of Ahema take the last sound of their predecessors’ names and the descendants of Mahemasha take the first sound of their predecessors’ names. According to the "Genealogy of Ma Family in Huaining": "My family originates from Lumu in the Western Region. Our ancestors banned the Lumu script and translated it into Chinese as Ma Yizegong, so they took Ma as their surname." The second is taken from the saints of the Taoist religion. *** The word related to the name is the surname. *** is basically a nation where all the people believe in *** religion. They worship and admire *** saints very much. They usually follow the "Holy Code" when talking and doing things. *** is happy with whatever *** has done. Do. Therefore, when naming scriptures, many people like to take the same name as ***, such as Muhammad, Muhanzi, etc. When choosing a surname, choose a surname that is related to ***'s first name. *** There are different transliterations in Chinese history, especially before the Ming Dynasty (including the Ming Dynasty). Some translators translated *** as Mahema, Mahamud or Mahe Mudi, etc. "History of the Ming Dynasty" contains records such as "It is said that the ancestor of Hui was named Mahama" and "The calendar of *** was created by Mahama, King of Medina in the Western Regions". *** is translated as the homophonic "Maha" numb". In this way, when *** choose their surname, they usually take the first word "horse" which is the transliteration of *** as their surname. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, Mahema (a close minister of Wokuotai), Ahema (prime minister during the reign of Emperor Shizu), Mahemasha (Shang Shu of the Ministry of Industry and in charge of the Chadier Bureau), and Mahama (Xianyang County during the Zhishun period) Gong), Mahema (the captain of Zhenghe County in Fujian during the Zhizheng period), Mahamousha (with Andalu Huachi in the fifteenth year of Zhizheng), and Mahemu, Mahemosa, Mahema, Mohema, Mahemu, Mahasha, etc. are all Chinese transliterations of the original name ***. Many of their descendants took the character "horse" as their surname. Third, under the pressure of the ruling class, *** changed the surname to Ma even though there were many Han people with the surname Ma at that time. Fourth, the court gave him the surname Ma. For example, "Yilasi, the leader of the Western Regions, was attached to the army in the 23rd year of Hongwu, and was appointed the leader of Nanjing's Jinyi Guards; his son, Mahama, came to the post in the first year of Tianshun, the reign of Emperor Yingzong. He was promoted to the governor Qianshi through meritorious service, and was given the imperial surname Ma Mingzheng. Later, he became a prominent family in Nanjing. "Due to several reasons, after long-term development, more and more people with the surname Ma. The four surnames Wan, Wan, An, and Wang, according to Chinese folklore and self-proclaimed names, all originate from Wan Gesi, a Chinese who came to my country to spread Chinese religion during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (627-649). . Wan Gesi is also translated as "Wan Ge Si", "Wang Ge Shi", "O Ge Shi", "O Ge Si", etc. in China. His descendants took the homophonic first sound of their ancestor's original name and took the surname Wang. Some people with the surname Wang claim to be "come with King Yan" and are descendants of military officers of the early Ming Dynasty. Today, people with the surname Wang are mainly distributed in the north, mostly in the Yanshan area of ??Cang County, Hebei Province and in Tongxin Wangjia Tuanzhuang, Ningxia. People with the surname An are mainly distributed in Shandong, Hebei and northwest China. The surname Mu is mostly taken from the first sounds of the names of ancestors such as "Musa" and "Mohan". For example, in the "History of the Yuan Dynasty? Clan List", there is Mugu Bili of *** aristocratic family, etc.
Some surnames are derived from the first sound of the ancestor's original name, and some are derived from the sound and final sound of a certain character in the middle. For example, the descendants of Hailudin were named Hai, the descendants of those who changed their residence were named Hai, and the descendants of Odura and the barbarians were named La. Sha's surname *** is mostly taken from the first and last sounds of ***'s name. For example, "Historical History of the New Yuan Dynasty" records the biography of Yehei Die'er: "Ye Hei Die'er, a native of the Western Regions... Zima conspired with Sha... Zimi Ersha... Cimu Balasha... Cihudulusha... Ci'a Luhunsha. "The Clan List of Yuan Dynasty also records the famous families such as Daolasha, Bielosa, and Zhangjisha. Most of their descendants took their surnames from the last names of their ancestors. There are also many people with the surname Sha who are based on the initial sound of their ancestors’ original names. Among the names in the Buddhist scriptures, there is more "Shaad", and his descendants take Sha as their surname. Volume 132 of "History of the Yuan Dynasty" contains: Sha Quan, Hacilu family, whose father is Sha, has lived in the desert... Quan's first name was Sha'erchi. He was captured by the Song army when he was just five years old. At the age of eighteen, he stayed under Liu Zheng's curtain. People in the Song Dynasty took Sha as their father's name, so they took Sha as their surname and gave him the name Quan. (2) Among the *** surnames that are divided into several surnames based on the names of their ancestors, in addition to common surnames such as Ma, Ding, and Bai, there are thirteen surnames such as Sai, Tu, Su, Hu, Na, and Shen in "Hundred Family Surnames" But couldn't find it. *** The thirteenth surname originates from our country’s outstanding statesman Sai Dianchi? Gansiddin Umar and his descendants. In 1221, Genghis Khan's Western Expedition, the Mongolian army occupied Bukhara, and the Japanese Kulu Martin and his son Saidianchi? Fansiding led thousands of cavalry to surrender. Because Saidianchi? Gansiding was smart and brave, he was trusted and reused by Genghis Khan. He was appointed as a guard in front of the tent and fought in the north and south. During the reign of Wokuotai and Mengge Khan, he served as the political affairs minister of Pingzhang Province in Shaanxi Province, the Five Routes of Xishu and Sichuan Province, and in 1274, he served as the political affairs minister of Pingzhang Province in Yunnan Province. During Sai Dianchi's reign, he cultivated fields, built water conservancy, built post roads, established education, reformed the administrative system, prospered the economy, and improved people's lives. His achievements were outstanding and his prestige was high. The people consciously built monuments for him. After the death of Sai Dianchi, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, personally announced that "although Sai Dianchi has passed away, his virtues and policies still exist, and anyone who dares to change his policy will be punished." According to legend, Sai Dianchi is the thirty-first grandson of the Christian prophet ***. "Sai Dian Chi" *** The original meaning of the text is "the glorious saint", that is, the great noble. "Gansiding" means "the sun of religion". "Umar" means "longevity". Descendants of Sai Dianchi not only remember the great achievements of their predecessors, but also take the first sound of Sai Dianchi's title as their surname. Sai Dian Chi? Fansi Ding had five sons. The eldest son, Nasu Ladin, served as an official in Pingzhang of Yunnan Province and Pingzhang in Shaanxi Province; the second son, Hasan, served as Marshal of the Xuanwei Envoy of Guangdong Province; the third son, Hu Xin, served as an official in Youcheng of Yunnan Province and Ping of Jiangxi Province. Zhang Zhengshi; the fourth son, Ding Wumei, was promoted to Pingzhang Zhengshi in Yunnan Province. Their descendants have surnames such as Sai, Na, Ha, Su, Hu, Ma, Sa, Sha, Ding, Shen, Mu, Yang, and Hao. Legend has it that their descendants are divided into "Thirteen Surnames", mainly concentrated in Yunnan. It was not until the sixth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1856) that the Qing government ordered the "extermination of Hui", which triggered a large-scale armed resistance by the Communists, which was the famous "Bingchen Incident" in history. Separated across the country. Later, in the long-term development, other surnames evolved from the thirteen surnames. For example, the surname Hu later developed into the surname Hu and Hu, and the surname Shen later developed into the surname Shaanxi, etc. Another example is Sai Dianchi’s son Nasu Ladin, whose descendants have the surnames Na, Su (Su), La (La) and Ding respectively. According to "Shaanxi Tongzhi", at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the aristocrat Nasu Ding "had many descendants, divided into four surnames: Na, Su, La (La) and Ding, and they lived in various provinces." Today's Na Na surname *** is mainly distributed in Yunnan and Ningxia *** Autonomous Region and other places. In Najiahu Village, Yongning County, Ningxia alone, there are more than 700 households with the surname Na and more than 4,000 people. People with the surname La *** are mainly distributed in Linxia *** Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province and other places. The surname La *** is distributed in Shaanxi and other places. People with the surname Ding can be found all over the country. The descendants of Ibrahim took each character of their ancestors' names to establish their surnames. Because Ibrahim is also translated as Yibai Lajin or Yibai Lajin, most of his descendants have the surnames Yi, Bai, La, and Jinguan. (3) Surnames given by emperors Among the *** surnames, many surnames were given by emperors of the past dynasties, such as Li, Da, Da, Zhang, Bai, Mu, Shaan, Zheng, Zhu, Jin and other surnames.
Legend has it that General Li Hemo and Li Yansheng from the Dashi country, as well as Li Xuan and Li Xun from Persia, were all given surnames by the emperor. In the Yuan Dynasty, the surname of Da was *** (now distributed in Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province). According to the Da family tree, his ancestors were from Semu people, and his mother was named Balhasa (in Persian: the title of an official). Because of his outstanding achievements, he was recognized by the Yuan Dynasty. He was granted the title of Pingzhang Zhengshi and given the name of Dabuhua. His descendants took the first sound of his name as their surname. Today, people with the surname *** living in Jingzhou, Hubei, Nanyang, Henan and other places in my country are also given surnames by the emperor. According to the Genealogy of the Da family in the 25th year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1845), his family was originally from the Western Regions. From Yuan Shizu to Yuan Guisi (1293), Talibahan and Lahaizu were from the same Boke people, and Xianda The price of the pearl was not accepted, but the emperor praised him for his integrity and named him Da, and his descendants took Da as their surname. In the Bai surname ***, in addition to the transliteration of the original name of the predecessor, another source is the surname given by the emperor. In the Yuan Dynasty, Bo Du Nading, a famous family member, "his son Cha Khan was given the surname Bai". The national surname of the Ming Dynasty was the emperor's surname Zhu. According to the family history research of *** surnamed Zhu in Anhui and Shandong today, his ancestor's surname was the surname Zhu given by the emperor. Because Zhu has the same pronunciation as pig, many people later changed their surname to Hei. The surname Zhang *** was also given by the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. According to Hubei's "Zhang Family Genealogy", its ancestor Pu Luo "originally had a Buddhist name" and "was later given a surname in the early Ming Dynasty". From then on, his descendants adopted the surname Zhang. Of course, some people with the surname Zhang were forced to change their surname to Zhang. Descendants of Nasu Latin in Songjiang, Shanghai were given the surname Tang. Zheng He, the great commander in the history of our country's navy and one of the world's famous navigators, was given this surname by the emperor. Zheng He's original name was Ma Sanbao. He was the son of Ma Suhu, the fifth son of Sai Dianchi and Gansi Ding. He was captured and became an eunuch when the Ming army invaded Yunnan. In July of the first year of Jianwen (1399), King Zhu Di of Yan launched the "Battle of Jingnan". In this important battle, Ma Sanbao fought bravely and made great contributions. After King Yan ascended the throne, he regarded Ma Sanbao, who was accompanying him, for his military exploits in Zhengcunkan, Beijing, and gave him the surname Zheng. From then on, his descendants adopted the surname Zheng. Today, people with the surname Zheng are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Hebei and northwest China. *** Among them, there are also surnames such as Mu, Jin, and Shaanxi, which are also given by the emperor. For example, the surname of Shaanxi was changed from the original surname of Xi to Shaanxi. According to the Qing Dynasty Jin Tianzhu's "*** Shi Qi Ji Ji": "Ming Dynasty Fu Mao, a native of Gong'an County, Huguang... ascended to Tianshun Jiashenko Jinshi. During the imperial examination, the superior did not know his surname and asked the cabinet. Li Xian replied: ' The pronunciation of "凵" is the same as "Shaanxi", so it was changed to "Shaanxi" in Yubi. Today, people with the surname Shaanxi are distributed in Guangdong, Hunan and other places. (4) Surnames based on *** ethnic groups and place names Among the *** surnames, those named after *** ethnic groups and places account for a small proportion, but they are very representative and full of ethnic characteristics. *** The saying "***'s surname is Hui" has long been circulated among the people. There are many people with the surname Hui living in Hebei, Shandong and northwest my country. According to the old man with the surname Hui, *** was chosen as the surname Hui. It has profound meanings: First, *** itself is from *** countries such as *** and Persia; second, it is the belief of *** people. The first is the "Hui Sect", that is, the Taoist religion; the third is that the Taoist people have formed a Taoist nation after a long period of development. In order to let future generations remember their ancestral origins, believe in the "Hui *** gate", and remember that they are a *** ethnic group, they established "Hui" as their surname. *** Among them, there are also some whose surnames are based on the names of places. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, Yang Yingkui, a descendant of Boyanchar, the grandson of Saidianchi? Gansiding? Umar, originally lived in Jiaotou, Yangshi, Beijing (today's Yangshikou, Beijing), and took the surname Yang. In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid the war, he moved to Yidu, Shandong Province and changed the surname of Yang to Yang. The surname Suo *** also comes from place names. For example, Suo Maojian in the Ming Dynasty is the transliteration of the name of Samarkan in Central Asia, and his descendants adopted Suo as their surname. (5) After the fusion of Han and Mongolian ethnic groups into China, surnames such as Han and Mongolian appeared. Among the Chinese, there are many surnames that are common to the Han people, such as Li, Zhou, Liu, Chen, Kong and other surnames. Some of these surnames appeared due to marriage with the Japanese, and some were caused by the Han, Mongolian and other ethnic groups who believed in the Christian religion after the Yuan Dynasty and gradually became part of the Chinese, but still maintained their original surnames.
For example, the words Tie, Tuo, Tie, Duo, Tuo, Huo, etc. in *** are related to the Mongolian names Tiemu'er, Tiemu'er, Tuobuhua, etc. *** Among them, the surname Wan, according to the "Inscription on the Stele Yin of the Rebuilt Chaozhen Temple", "Wan" originated from the Wanyan family, who was of Jin descent. During the Dading period of the Jin Dynasty, it was forbidden for Jurchens to have Han surnames, so they gave up Wan and became Yan. However, they did not dare to take the surname of Yanguo in Qufu, so they were specially called "Wan". This shows that during the formation process, *** merged with the descendants of the Jurchens in Chinese history and continued to use "Wan" as the surname. The surname Duanmu in *** was originally a Han surname from the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient my country, and the surname Hu was originally a surname of the Xianbei people in my country. Later, because part of the Han and Xianbei people with the surname Mu merged into the *** ethnic group, the surnames Duanmu and Hu were used. wait. The party's surname is ***, which was originally the surname of the Dangxiang tribe in Xixia, my country. Later, because some people merged with the *** ethnic group, this surname was also used. The people with the surname Kong who lived in the eastern part of today's Qinghai Province were originally descendants of Confucius. Later, they converted to Christianity and became part of the ***, but they still retained their original surname. Another example is Li Zhi (formerly known as Lin Zaizhi) of Quanzhou. His ancestor Lin Zhi went to Hormos in Persia to do business in the ninth year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty (1376) and married a local woman as his wife. , He will never change his religion throughout his life, and his descendants will not abandon his paganism." His descendants merged into the Communist Party.