In ancient times, Nanjing was called Jinling, Jiankang, Moling, Jianye, and Jiangzhou.
1. Jinling is the ancient name of Nanjing, and it is also the most elegant nickname of Nanjing. In 333 BC, Xiong Shang, King of Chu Wei, built Jinling City in Stone City, and the name Jinling originated from this. In 229 AD, Sun Quan, the great emperor of Wu, established his capital here, and Jinling rose from then on, making China's political center break out of the pattern of the Yellow River cultural plate and leading the development of the Yangtze River Basin and the entire southern China. It has long been the political, economic and cultural center of southern China. center.
During the Six Dynasties, Jinling had 280,000 households and a population of more than one million. It was the first city in the world with a population of more than one million. It was also the economic, cultural, political and military center of China during the Six Dynasties. The largest city in the world at the time.
2. Jiankang was the name of Nanjing during the Six Dynasties. It was the capital of the Sun Wu, Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Xiao Qi, Xiao Liang and Chen dynasties. It was the economic and cultural center of China during the Six Dynasties. , political and military center, it was also the first city in the world with a population of more than one million, and the largest city in the world at that time.
3. Qin Shihuang visited Moling in the south five times. Several qi-watchers accompanying the emperor saw the emperor's qi in Jinling from a distance, so he set up a county here and sent people to dig mountains and trees. Let the water of the Qinhuai River flow into Jinling, so that the "Emperor's Qi" cannot gather and will be released with the flowing water. After doing all this, Qin Shihuang was still uneasy and changed the name of Jinling to Moling.
Mo means fodder, which means this is just a place to raise horses. It should not be called Jinling because it is a personal insult. If he fell to the ground and stepped on another foot, Jinling would not be able to stand up for the rest of his life.
4. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Sun Quan and Liu Bei, who were in the southeast, had to unite to fight against Cao. Zhuge Liang went to Soochow to help Soochow prepare for war. When Zhuge Liang (some say Zhang Hong) was in Jiangdong, he saw the excellent geomantic omen in the Moling area and strongly urged Sun Quan to move here. In the 16th year of Jian'an (211 AD), Sun Quan moved his administrative office from Jingkou to Moling. In the 17th year of Jian'an (AD 212), Moling was renamed Jianye. The origin of Stone City is that Sun Quan built the city on the basis of Jinling City to "save military supplies and weapons." The built Stone City was adjacent to the river and controlled the Huaihe River, so it relied on risks, so it was also called Stone City (also known as Stone Head). city).
5. Jiangzhou was the name of Nanjing during the Sui Dynasty. After Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty destroyed Nanchen, he issued an edict to raze the city walls and palaces of Nanjing to the ground to prevent others from occupying and proclaiming themselves emperor. In order to make the people of the Southern Dynasties forget the hatred of their country's subjugation as soon as possible, Emperor Wen Yang Jian issued an edict: Jiangzhou was established in Stone City. Extended information
The origin of the name Nanjing:
In 1368, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor here, and the capital was called Nanjing, which was the beginning of Nanjing's name. In 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Jiqing and changed its name to Yingtianfu. The Ming Dynasty was established in 1368, with Nanjing as its capital. Nanjing became the political, economic, and cultural center of China, ushering in its second peak in history.
In 1402, Zhu Di launched the Jingnan Campaign to seize the throne of Emperor Jianwen. After capturing Nanjing, he proclaimed himself emperor and changed his name to Yongle. In 1421, Zhu Di officially moved the capital to Beijing, changed Nanjing to a permanent capital, established six ministries and other institutions in Nanjing, and implemented the dual-capital system. Yingtianfu (Nanjing) and Shuntianfu (Beijing) were collectively called the two capitals. In 1430, Zheng He set sail from Longjiang Pass (now Xiaguan) in Nanjing on his seventh voyage.
In 1644, after Zhu Youjian, Emperor Sizong of the Ming Dynasty, died for his country, Zhu Yousong was supported by the four towns in Nanjing in May of the same year. He changed the name to "Hongguang" and established the Nanming regime. In 1645, the Qing army came to the south of the Yangtze River. After capturing Nanjing, it abolished its status as the capital and changed Yingtianfu to Jiangningfu, becoming the provincial capital of Jiangnan Province. Nanjing became the headquarters of the Governor-General of Liangjiang, which governed the military and civil affairs of today's Jiangsu (including Shanghai), Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. Nanjing is also of considerable economic importance. The large-scale Jiangning Weaving House was established in Nanjing to produce silk fabrics to supply royal needs.
After the defeat of the Opium War in 1842, in August of the same year, the Qing government signed the first unequal treaty in modern Chinese history, the Treaty of Nanjing, on the British warship "Corvalerie" on the Xiaguan River in Nanjing. This is where history begins. In 1853, the Taiping Army captured Nanjing and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which was renamed Tianjing and remained its capital for 11 years. This is the first peasant war in Chinese history that has arisen in the south and spread throughout China. It is also a peasant war of unprecedented scale in world history.
On December 29, 1911, representatives of the 17 provinces in the uprising elected Sun Yat-sen as the interim president in Nanjing, and the Republic of China was established.
On New Year's Day, 1912, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president. On March 24, 1927, the National Revolutionary Army captured Nanjing in the Northern Expedition. On April 18, the Nanjing National Government was established and Nanjing was designated as the capital. In the same year, Nanjing Special City was established. In 1930, it was changed to a municipality directly under the central government.
The ten years from 1927 to 1937 when Nanjing was the capital were called China's "golden decades". During this period, Nanjing carried out large-scale capital construction, laying a good foundation for the development of Nanjing's modern city. By 1937, Nanjing's urban population had increased to more than 1 million, making it one of the six largest cities in China. On December 13, 1937, Nanjing fell, and the Japanese army carried out a large-scale massacre in Nanjing and nearby areas for more than 40 days, known in history as the Nanjing Massacre.
At 9:00 on September 9, 1945, the surrender ceremony of the Chinese theater of World War II was held in the auditorium of the Central Army Officer School in Nanjing, and Japan announced its unconditional surrender. In May 1946, the Nationalist Government returned its capital to Nanjing.
On April 23, 1949, the People's Liberation Army captured Nanjing and Nanjing was liberated and became one of the 13 municipalities directly under the Central Government in the country at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China. In September 1952, it merged with the administrative regions of southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu to form Jiangsu Province; on November 15, Nanjing was changed to a provincial municipality. On January 1, 1953, the People's Government of Jiangsu Province was established, and Nanjing was changed from a provincial city to the capital of Jiangsu Province. In February 1994, the central government clarified that Nanjing's administrative level was deputy provincial level.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanjing