Guava, Latin name: Psidium guajava Linn. Myrtle family, guava tree, up to 13 meters high; bark is smooth, gray, flaky and peeling; twigs are ribbed and hairy. The leaves are leathery, oblong to elliptical, the apex is acute or blunt, the base is nearly round, the upper part is slightly rough, the lower part is hairy, often sunken, and the veins are obvious; the calyx tube is bell-shaped, hairy, and the calyx cap is nearly round. Shape, irregularly split; white; ovary inferior, connate with calyx, style and stamens as long. The berries are spherical, oval or pear-shaped, with persistent sepals at the top. The flesh is white or yellow, the placenta is enlarged, fleshy, and light red; there are many seeds. The picture is taken from the Chinese Plant Library
Basic information
Chinese name: guava
Chinese aliases: guava, chicken dung fruit, plucked seed, trumpet guava Pomegranate
Binary name: Psidium guajava
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Dicotyledons Class Planta (Magnoliopsida)
Subclass: Primitive Perianth Class
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae ( Myrtaceae)
Subfamily: Myrtaceae
Tribe: Myrtaceae
Genus: Areca
Species: Guava (Psidium)
Distribution: Originally from tropical America, it spread to tropical and subtropical areas of the world in the 16th and 17th centuries, such as North America, Oceania, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, and North Africa , Vietnam, etc. It was introduced into my country around the end of the 17th century. It is now cultivated in Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi and other provinces, and has become a wild fruit tree in some places.
Latin scientific name: Psidium guajava Linn.
Distribution area: native to tropical America, now cultivated in Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other provinces of China.
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How to eat guava, illustrated method, the efficacy and function of guava, guava
Morphological characteristics
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Tree, up to 13 meters high;
The bark is smooth, gray, and flaky; the young branches are ribbed and hairy. The leaves are leathery, oblong to oval, 6 to 12 cm long and 3.5 to 6 cm wide. The apex is acute or blunt, the base is nearly round, the upper surface is slightly rough, the lower surface is hairy, and there are 12 to 15 pairs of lateral veins. Often sunken, with obvious network veins; petiole 5 mm long. The flowers are solitary or arranged in cymes of 2 to 3 flowers; the calyx tube is bell-shaped, 5 mm long, hairy, the calyx cap is nearly round, 7 to 8 mm long, and irregularly split; the petals are 1 to 1.4 cm long, White; stamens 6-9 mm long; ovary inferior, connate with calyx, style and stamens as long. The berries are spherical, oval or pear-shaped, 3 to 8 cm long, with persistent sepals at the top. The flesh is white or yellow, the placenta is enlarged, fleshy, and light red; there are many seeds.
Growth habits
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Grows in wasteland or low hills;
Suitable for tropical climate, afraid of frost, generally When the temperature is -1°C to -2°C
saplings will freeze to death. Suitable growth temperature: the average summer temperature must be above 15°C.
The soil requirements are not strict, and it grows best in well-drained sandy loam and clay loam.
The optimal temperature for growth is 23~28℃, and the lowest monthly average temperature is above 15.5℃ which is beneficial to growth. The annual rainfall is preferably 1000 to 2000mm. It is tolerant to both drought and humidity, likes light and has sufficient sunshine, and bears early fruit and good quality. The soil moisture requirements are not strict, and it can be planted with a soil pH value of 4.5 to 8.0.
Introduction
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Guava is a tropical and subtropical fruit native to the Americas. It is now cultivated in South China and the Sichuan Basin. It smells bad, so it is also called chicken shit fruit, but it doesn't have that smell at all and is sweet and delicious. It is called "Guava" or "Bazai" in Taiwan.
Ripe guava is light green, with crispy and thin skin. Generally, there is no need to peel it when eating. The flesh is thick, sweet and crisp. It is rich in protein, vitamins A, C and other nutrients, as well as trace elements such as phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. It is a very good health food.
Guava is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the Myrtaceae family. A highly adaptable tropical fruit tree. It is native to the tropical regions of America and is produced most in Central and South America. It was introduced to the Philippines by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 16th century and then introduced to China. It is mainly grown in Guangdong and Taiwan, and is also cultivated in Fujian, Guangxi and Yunnan. The tree can reach 5 meters in height, the main trunk is not very upright, and the bark is green-brown and smooth. The leaves are opposite, leathery, oblong or oval, with hairs on the back. Flowers are bisexual, white, solitary or 2-3 gathered in leaf axils. The berries are oval, pear-shaped or spherical, light yellow or pink when ripe, with a slightly sour taste and a special fragrance. The seeds are small and numerous. In China, it blooms from April to May, and the fruit matures from July to August; from August to September, there is a small amount of flowering, and it can bear fruit twice. In nature, it is often spread by birds and propagated by seeds; in production, it can be propagated by sowing seeds or cuttings, layering or grafting. China mainly relies on high-branch layering propagation. The row spacing between transplanted plants is 4×5 meters. Fertilization should focus on post-fruit fertilizer. In winter, cultivate the soil and cut off dense branches. After spring, pay attention to prevent beetle damage to the trunk. The cold tolerance is poor, saplings will freeze to death at -1~-2℃, and fruiting trees will freeze to death at -4℃. The fruit is rich in vitamin C. In addition to a small amount of fresh food, it is mostly processed into powder and juice.
Features
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Guava, commonly known as guava, nabalzi or balzi. Taiwanese guava is a fruit tree of the guava genus of the Myrtaceae family. Its flesh is very soft, rich in juice, sweet in taste, almost seedless, and its flavor is close to that between pear and Taiwanese jujube. Its fruit is oval, milky green to milky white in color, extremely beautiful, with an average fruit weight of more than 380 grams, and the largest one can reach 550 grams. Its sugar content is 11.45%, and it contains a large amount of potassium, iron, carotene, etc., and is extremely nutritious. . Guava is one of Taiwan’s native fruits and a top-notch weight-loss fruit. It has the following characteristics:
1. Fruit shapes include spherical, oval, oval and pear-shaped. The peel is generally green, red or yellow, and the pulp is white, red, yellow, etc. The meat is tender, crisp, sweet, refreshing and not greasy when eaten often. It is the best fruit for beauty and beauty.
2. Rich in nutrients, it can increase appetite and promote the growth and development of children. It contains protein, fat, sugar, vitamins A, B, C, calcium, phosphorus and iron. Guava has high nutritional value. In terms of vitamin C, it is 8 times more than citrus, and dozens of times more than banana, papaya, tomato (tomato), watermelon, pineapple, etc. It is also rich in iron, calcium, and phosphorus. The iron in the seeds is The content is higher than other fruits, so it is best to eat it together.
3. The diet has high medicinal value and can prevent and treat high blood pressure and diabetes. It is the most ideal fruit for patients with obesity and gastrointestinal problems. The leaves and young fruits of guava can be dried in slices and made into tea to help treat diabetes.
4. The fruit is free from pesticide and disease contamination. Due to scientific cultivation, the fruit is packed with film bags from the beginning until the fruit is picked. It is isolated from pesticides and pests. It is a standard green food.
5. With various large, medium and small beautiful and exquisite packaging. It is easy to store and transport, and can be kept fresh for 15-30 days depending on the season. It can also be processed to make juice. It is currently the best-selling juice drink and the best gift for modern people.
6. It is convenient to eat raw. Wash the fresh fruit (no need to peel it) and eat it. Some people like to cut it into pieces and place it on a plate, add a little sour plum powder or salt to give it a unique flavor. For example, use a home-style juice machine to make your own original juice and original guava juice to enjoy the unique taste of life.
Taiwan Guava can bear fruit in 80 days at the earliest, and can be harvested in 10 months at the latest. It grows and bears fruit all year round, and more than 25 kilograms of fruit can be harvested in that year. , is currently one of the earliest and most productive fruit trees in the world. Taiwan guava has almost no pests or diseases. As long as the climate conditions are suitable, it grows as it grows, and it grows very fast, so most people can successfully grow it.
Guava fruit can not only be eaten fresh, but can also be processed into juice, jam, preserved fruit, and can also be made into bonsai, which has broad market prospects. It is currently one of the best-selling fruits in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.
Related knowledge
Guava is a highly adaptable tropical fruit tree. It is native to tropical America and spread to tropical and subtropical areas of the world from the 16th to 17th centuries, such as North America, Oceania, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, North Africa, Vietnam, etc. It was introduced into my country around the end of the 17th century. It is now cultivated in Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi and other provinces, and has become a wild fruit tree in some places.
Guava blooms and bears fruit all year round. The height of the tree can reach 5 meters. The main trunk is not very upright, and the bark is green-brown and smooth. The leaves are opposite, leathery, oblong or oval, with hairs on the back. Flowers bisexual, white. The berries are oval, pear-shaped or spherical, light yellow or pink when ripe, with a slightly sour taste and a special fragrance. The seeds are small and numerous. In nature, it is often spread by birds and propagated by seeds; in production, it can be propagated by sowing seeds or cuttings, layering or grafting. China mainly relies on high-branch layering propagation.
Guava is rich in nutrients and has a particularly high vitamin C content. The fruit has medicinal effects on treating diabetes and lowering blood sugar, and the leaves can also treat diarrhea. In addition to being eaten fresh, the fruit can also be processed into juice, concentrated juice, fruit powder, jam, concentrated pulp, jelly, etc.
Subordinate species
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Guava (Flora of Guangzhou) Plate 32: 3-4
Psidium guajava Linn. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 (1): 469. 1855; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 120. 1861; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 476. 1877 ; Duthie in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 468. 1878; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 289. 1914; Gagnep. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 848. 1921; Chung in Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 183. 1924; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 135. 1927; Walker in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 6: 29. 1928; McClure in Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 3: 29. 1931; Hand.-Mazz. Sym. Sin. 3 (7): 596. 1933; Flora of Guangzhou 200. 1956; Flora of Hainan 2: 11. Figure 294. 1965; Illustrated Encyclopedia of Higher Plants of China 2 : 990. Figure 3710. 1972—P. pomiferum Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 672. 1762; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 310. 1790, ed. Willd. 379. 1793; DC. Prodr. 3: 234. 1828——P. pyriferum Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 672. 1762; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 309. 1790, ed. Willd. 378. 1793; DC. Prodr. 3: 233. 1828.
Species classification
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Taiwanese guava: Taiwanese guava is the main variety grown in Fujian. The fruit is round and weighs 70-100 grams per fruit. The fruit is yellow with slightly red spots, thin skin, light yellow flesh, juicy and sweet. The fruit matures before the heat. Suitable for planting.
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