In ancient China, poetry was a very important literary genre, among which landscape poetry was a very important form of existence. It can be said that without landscape poetry, China’s poetry culture would be much bleak. When it comes to landscape poetry, there is one person who must be mentioned, and he is Xie Lingyun.
Portrait of Xie Lingyun
Xie Lingyun was a famous poet in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was a descendant of Xie Xuan, a famous general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was hereditary to the title of his ancestor Kang Le Gong. Later, he held many important positions. After the Liu Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, Xie Lingyun also suffered a disaster. First, his title was reduced, and later he was killed by the then Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty. He was only 49 years old. Although Xie Lingyun died very early, his style of being indifferent to fame and fortune and indulging in landscapes still had a great influence on later generations.
Xie Lingyun was born into a very noble family. He was a child of a famous family at that time. He was raised in a Taoist temple in Qiantang when he was a child. It is estimated that this also had a certain influence on Xie Lingyun's later calm temperament. Influenced by his influence, he had read a lot of books since he was a child and could write poems at a young age. When he was eighteen years old, he was granted the title of Duke Kang Le. When he was twenty years old, he officially became an official and held many official positions. However, Xie Lingyun's His mind was not on being an official, but on the mountains and rivers. In order to make it easier to travel around the mountains and rivers, he also specially designed a removable wooden clog. When going up the mountain, remove the front teeth, and when going down the mountain, remove the back teeth, so that it is easy to go up and down the mountain. convenient.
Later, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty Liu Yu replaced the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Xie Lingyun was even less interested in power. The court urged him several times to become an official before he was willing to go. However, after taking office, he still did not do anything serious and just wanted to travel around all day long. Playing in the mountains and rivers, maybe it would be okay if it was just like this, but when the court wanted to arrest him, he dared to resist arrest, and even later conspired to save him when he was exiled. Therefore, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty could no longer bear it and killed him. .
Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao
The birth of landscape poetry made an important contribution to the development of Chinese poetry, provided a new subject matter, and brought a new kind of poetry In the development process of landscape poetry, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao are relatively important. Here I will briefly introduce to you the relationship between the two and their poetry styles.
The famous poet Xie Lingyun
First of all, in terms of relationship, the two are indeed relatives. Xie Lingyun is the direct grandson of Xie Xuan, a famous general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Descendants of his elder brother, from a blood perspective, Xie Lingfu is Xie Tiao's clan uncle. Xie Lingyun is one of the originators of landscape poetry and has had a huge influence on later generations. Xie Tiao inherited and developed Xie Lingyun's style and created a new style on this basis, making a great contribution to landscape poetry. , so it was called "Big Xie" by later generations.
Judging from the poetry styles of the two, both of them are good at writing landscape poems. Their language styles are relatively fresh and refined, and both can use superb language skills to depict the scenery vividly. Therefore, their poetry The styles are somewhat similar, but after all they are the same person. There are certain differences in styles. For Xie Lingyun, the posture of landscape is very important in his poems. He tried his best to describe the details of the scenery and spared no effort to describe it. Because of such vigorous description, the objects and I are separated in Xie Lingyun's poems. First comes the scenery he describes, and it is through these scenery that the author observes these scenery.
Xie Tiao is different. His landscape poems pay more attention to the blending of scenes. He explains his emotions through the description of the scenery. At the same time, he gets rid of the influence of the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and is less obscure and difficult. Where you understand, it looks fresher, brighter, simpler and more rustic.
Xie Lingyun's famous quotes
Xie Lingyun wrote quite a lot in his life. Although not many of them are good poems, there are many famous quotes. His unique style is It was very rare at that time. He used his concise words to bring a unique freshness to the poetry world where metaphysics was flourishing at that time. Next, I will take you to appreciate some of Xie Lingyun’s classic quotes.
The famous poet Xie Lingyun
The most famous poem of Xie Lingyun's life is "Spring grass grows in the pond, and the willows in the garden turn into songbirds" in his "Climbing the Pond and Going Up the Floor". These two poems have always been It has been praised by countless people. At first glance, these two sentences are very ordinary. There is nothing unique about them. The words are simple and the scene described is also very ordinary. However, if such scenes are viewed together in the whole poem, they will become more interesting. We can see the unique charm of these two sentences. According to the poetic context, Xie Lingyun was recovering from a serious illness at that time. Compared with such a bustling scenery, Xie Lingyun was more touched by the vitality of this relatively simple spring. Moreover, the poetry style at that time was still known for its gorgeous rhetoric. In such an environment, such fresh sentences naturally stand out and are loved by readers.
"The bright moon shines on the snow, and the new wind is strong and sad." Originally, the bright moon should be relatively soft and calm, but the following sentence changed the context of this poem. It was cold and freezing. , the cold moonlight shines on the thick snow, giving people a high and gloomy feeling. This is a visual feeling, followed by an auditory experience. The wind is howling, and the word "jin" expresses the fierceness of the wind. Moreover, the howling of the wind is like a cry, which is more in line with the author's mood, and the readers can't help but feel a gloomy and sad mood.
The characteristics of Xie Lingyun’s landscape poems
are well known. Xie Lingyun is an important poet in Chinese history. Before him, landscapes appeared as embellishments of poetry, and he was the first to create large-scale creations with landscapes as the theme. He used exquisite and delicate words to The beautiful scenery of nature is integrated into poetry, and he is an important pioneer of Chinese landscape poetry. Let's briefly analyze the characteristics of Xie Lingyun's landscape poetry.
Xie Lingyun’s Landscape Poems
First of all, the Wei and Jin Dynasties were a time when metaphysics flourished, and the creation of landscape poems was also done in a metaphysical way. Landscapes are what poets use It is a prop to appreciate the interest of metaphysics, and Xie Lingyun himself also has good attainments in the fields of Lao Zhuang, Buddhism, etc., so the words of Buddha and Lao often appear in his poems. Therefore, it can be said that Xie Lingyun’s landscape poems have not escaped the shackles of the times. , and has a deep imprint of Wei and Jin metaphysics. However, what is worthy of recognition is that there are very few sudden metaphysical statements in his landscape poems. Basically, the metaphysics and scenery are well combined, so they are not obscure at all.
From the perspective of artistic characteristics, Xie Lingyun's works are very beautiful. Simple scenes present beautiful artistic conceptions through his depictions. Some of these artistic conceptions are delicate and refined, some are deep and beautiful, and so on. And enough to make readers immersed in the scene. When later people praised his landscape poems, they often mentioned a sentence: "Like hibiscus emerging from clear water, it is naturally lovely." It can be seen that the main artistic feature of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems is that they are fresh and natural, without gorgeous words or pretentious sentences. , after careful taste, it appears more pure and natural.
Looking at many of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems, although it is inevitable that due to the limitations of the times, some of them are careless in tailoring and lack of preparation, and they also pay too much attention to the blending of metaphysics, so they are somewhat difficult to understand, but Despite their flaws, many of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems still occupy a place in the history of Chinese poetry with their elegant and refined style.