In 221 BC, Qin unified the six countries. Qin Shihuang abolished the feudal system and established prefectures and counties. Today's Zhumadian City first belonged to Yingchuan County (Yesuo today's Yuzhou City). Later it belonged to Chen County (the administrative seat is now Huaiyang County). Prime Minister Li Si (now a native of Shangcai) played an important role in the Qin war to destroy the six kingdoms and establish a unified feudal dynasty. He is a famous politician in Chinese history. Due to the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty, the first peasant uprising in my country's history led by Chen Sheng from Runan broke out in 209 BC. After the rebel army captured Chen County (today's Huaiyang County), Chen Sheng was dismissed after the establishment of the "Zhang Chu" regime. The traitors were killed, but the Qin Dynasty was finally destroyed in the fire of the peasant uprising.
In the fourth year of Emperor Gaodi of the Western Han Dynasty (203 BC), Runan Xing was established, and the county governed Ruyang (the administrative seat is now Gucheng Village, Sheqiao Township, northwest of Pingyu County). Runan County), Ancheng (southeast of today's Runan County), Yangcheng (northwest of today's Pingyu County). Xincai, Shenyang (now Zhengyang County) and other 37 counties. During the Han Dynasty, the economy and culture of Runan County gradually developed and prosperity appeared. During the Yuanguang period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Hongxipi was built in Runan County, spanning the five counties of Pingyu, Runan, Zhengyang, Xincai and Xixian, and irrigated tens of thousands of acres of farmland. During the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty, Marenpi was built in today's Biyang County, which irrigated more than 10,000 hectares of farmland. During the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Yongyuan's reign, He Chang, the prefect of Runan, repaired the old Taiyang Canal (in the north of today's Xincai County) in Hongxibei and reclaimed more than 30,000 hectares of paddy fields. During the Zhongping period of Emperor Ling, the prefect of Runan mobilized migrant workers to build sluices with stones on the Hongzhipi Dam, further expanding the irrigation area. The construction of water conservancy projects such as Hongzhipi and Marenpi in the Han Dynasty greatly improved agricultural production conditions and made Runan County one of the richest areas in Gangang. During the Han Dynasty, there were many talented people in Runan County. There were more than 100 officials and celebrities in Runan County whose biographies and names were listed in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and "General Meanings of Customs". Therefore, there were "Ruban Dynasty" and "Runan Guduo". "Qishi".
During the Three Kingdoms period, today's Zhumadian City belonged to the Wei Dynasty and was under the jurisdiction of Runan County and Nanyang County. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Runan County was divided into Runan County and Ruyinna was established. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it first belonged to the Former Qin, then to the Eastern Jin, Later Qin, Later Zhao, and Former Yan. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, most of the subordinates belonged to Runan Xing. In the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty established Sizhou in Runan County, and Runan was initially called Xuanhu. In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, Sizhou was renamed Yuzhou, and the name was changed many times later. In the early days of Sui Dynasty, it was changed to Runan County, which belonged to Yuzhou, and Biyang belonged to Huai'an County of Yuzhou. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it belonged to Cai and Tang states. In the first year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Gengzhou was transformed into a county. At the beginning of the Qianyuan Dynasty, Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty changed Runan County to Yuzhou. Restore Tangzhou. Baoying's first ancestral name was changed from Yuzhou to Caizhou. In the third year of Jianyan (1129), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty captured Caizhou and established the Caizhou Zhennan Army. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to the four states of Cai, Xi, Chen and Tang. In the 30th year of Yuan Dynasty (1293), Caizhou was promoted to Runing Prefecture, and Biyang returned to Nanyang Prefecture.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, present-day Zhumadian City belonged to Runing Prefecture and Nanyang Prefecture, and was under the jurisdiction of Henan Province. After many years of war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the population of Runing area dropped sharply and it was full of desolation. Taizu of the Ming Dynasty ordered the landless farmers in the Taihu Basin and Shanxi to be moved to southern Henan. At that time, various counties in Runing Prefecture received a large number of immigrants, and large areas of wasteland were reclaimed and planted with crops. In the early Qing Dynasty, the government adopted measures to reward land reclamation and explicitly declared the land of Ming vassals. Whoever cultivates it owns it. Jinzhen, the prefect of Runing, registered more than 6,000 hectares of land occupied by Prince Chong's palace in Ming Dynasty and recognized it as owned by the original tenant farmers. Local officials in Runing Prefecture paid great attention to the construction of water conservancy projects. From the fifth to seventh year of Yongzheng reign in the Qing Dynasty, seven counties including Ruyang, Shangcai, Xincai, Queshan, Xiping, Suiping, and Pingyu dredged and regulated rivers. There were 327 ditches, which improved agriculture. production conditions, reducing flood disasters and promoting the development of factory production.
After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, with prominent social contradictions and peasant uprisings one after another. In 1851, the White Lotus Rebellion broke out in the Pingyu area. In 1853, the Taiping Army entered the Runing area during the Northern Expedition. In 1860, the Nian Army uprising led by Chen Daxi broke out with Pingyu as the center. The Nian Army moved to the four provinces of Hubei, Henan, Shandong and Anhui, dealing a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty. In 1900, in response to the Boxer Rebellion's anti-imperialist struggle, Queshan, Biyang, and Sui equally launched an anti-foreign religious struggle and resisted imperialist religious aggression. In 1906, the "Renyihui" uprising led by Miao Jinsheng broke out in the Suiping area. At the same time, the wave of bourgeois national democratic revolution gradually spread to Zhumadian City. In 1906, Men Zigu and Liu Cuixuan from Xincai County participated in the Tongmenghui. In 1907, the Xincai branch of the Tongmenghui was established, with Ren Zhiming as branch director. At this time, Liu Jixue, a member of the Xincai League, actively promoted bourgeois democratic ideas after returning from Japan. Xincai became the center of the democratic revolution in southern Henan for a while.
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Runing Prefecture was renamed Xiangnan Road. It was changed to Ruyang Road in 1918. In 1927, the road was abolished, and the Kuomintang established the Commissioner's Office of the Eighth Administrative District of Henan Province in Runan. The May 4th Movement in 1919 opened the prelude to China's new democratic revolution and promoted a new awakening for the people of Zhumadian City. The majority of young people are full of patriotic enthusiasm and participate in the vigorous anti-imperialist and patriotic movement. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, the people of Zhumadian City actively carried out workers' and peasant movements under the leadership of the party to oppose imperialism and the Beiyang warlords. In the summer of 1922, the Railway Workers' Club was established at Zhumadian Railway Station, which was renamed Beijing in the autumn. The Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions Zhumadian Branch is the earliest worker organization established in Zhumadian City under the leadership of the party. In February 1923, railway workers in Zhumadian participated in the Beijing-Hankow Railway strike that shocked China and other countries. During the May 30th Movement in 1925, workers’ strikes, students’ strikes, and businessmen’s strikes were organized across Zhumadian to angrily denounce the atrocities of British and Japanese imperialism and support the anti-imperialist struggles in Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places. At the same time, the peasant movement flourished. In 1926, Li Mingqi, Zhang Jiado, Zhang Yaochang, Ma Shangde (Yang Jingyu), Kong Jianwu, Yu Xiumin, etc., who were studying abroad as Communist Party members and Communist Youth League members in Zhumadian, used their holidays to return to their hometowns to carry out revolutionary propaganda activities. The Zhumadian special branch of the Communist Party of China with Zhang Jiatuo as secretary and seven party groups including Zhengyang, Runan and Queshan were established. In April 1927, in preparation for the Northern Expedition, the Zhumadian Special Branch led more than 20,000 armed peasants to stage a riot, wiping out more than 200 Beiyang troops in one fell swoop, liberating Queshan County for the first time, and establishing the Queshan County Provisional Government, the first county-level workers' and peasants' revolutionary regime in Henan Province. The Public Security Committee wrote a glorious page in the history of the Chinese revolution. After the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived at Zhumadian, it was warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life. From May 15th to 17th, the Northern Expeditionary Army and the Feng clique warlords fought fierce battles in Shangcai and Xiping. The Northern Expeditionary Army achieved a major victory. From then on, the Beiyang government's rule in Henan came to an end. .
During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, Zhumadian City was a battlefield where new warlords attacked each other. In order to resist the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, on November 1, 1927, under the leadership of the Zhumadian Special Branch of the Communist Party of China. Zhang Jiatuo, Ma Shangde and others established the Queshan County Revolutionary Committee, and went south to Siwangshan to join the Xinyang Peasant Army and establish the Siwangshan Revolutionary Base. The Liudian Autumn Harvest Uprising kicked off the Agrarian Revolution in Henan and sowed the seeds of armed struggle in southern Henan. Since then, more than ten armed riots have broken out, including the second peasant uprising in Ruquebian, the Shuitun Uprising in Runan, and the Baigou Temple in Zhengyang, making positive contributions to the establishment of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the people of Zhumadian City held high the banner of the Anti-Japanese National United Front and actively organized anti-Japanese armed forces. In November 1937, the Hubei-Henan Border Provincial Committee was changed to the Southern Henan Special Committee, and the Southern Henan Red Army guerrillas were reorganized into the Southern Henan People's Anti-Japanese Independent Regiment. Soon they were reorganized into the Eighth Team of the Fourth Detachment of the New Fourth Army. In 1938, Yuanmen, the Eighth The regiment and the Central Henan Special Committee of the Communist Party of China stationed in Zhugou Town, Queshan County. On November 23, the Central Plains Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Henan Provincial Party Committee headed by Hu Fu (Liu Shaoqi) entered Zhugou. The central government also sent Peng Xuefeng, Li Xiannian, Chen Shaomin and others to Zhugou to lead the work and mobilize the masses in the Central Plains area. Strengthening the anti-Japanese forces quickly opened up a new situation in the anti-Japanese struggle behind enemy lines; Zhugou became an important base for the growth and development of the New Fourth Army. The Fourth Division, the Fifth Division and the First Division of the Second Division of the New Fourth Army all originated from this mountain and developed together with the armed forces led by the Party in various places. Zhugou became the Communist Party's "in the Central Plains" for a while. "An important position and strategic support point for regional development", it made important contributions to the Anti-Japanese War in the Central Plains region, and was known as "Little Yan'an". The existence of the Zhugou Party organization aroused the hatred of the Kuomintang reactionaries in the factory. On November 11, 1939, more than 1,800 local armed forces of the Kuomintang raided the Zhugou stay of the Eighth Regiment of the New Fourth Army and massacred 200 New Fourth Army cadres, soldiers, wounded, family members and revolutionary masses. The remaining people created the "Zhugou Massacre" that shocked the whole country. In 1944, Runan, Queshan, Xiping, Suiping, Shangcai and other places fell to the Japanese invaders. In order to effectively combat the Japanese aggressors and the Kuomintang die-hards, the Southern Henan Guerrilla Corps formed an advance team with five companies and established the Ru, Zheng, and Que anti-Japanese base areas with Hu Chongdian as the center, and successively established the Ant Feng base in Queshan. , Antshan, Daleshan and Banqiao in Biyang launched attacks, annihilating hundreds of Kuomintang spy armed forces and local armed forces, and established anti-Japanese base areas centered on Zhugou and Gushanchong.
The Southern Henan Prefectural Committee, the Commissioner's Office and the Military Division of the Communist Party of China were established in Gushanchong. After the Southern Henan Guerrilla Corps expanded into the Henan Advance Corps, it opened up a base area in central Henan with Chaya Mountain as the center, and established party, government, and military organs such as the Central Henan Prefectural Committee, the Commissioner's Office, and the Military Division. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government ignored the people's peaceful wishes and openly provoked a civil war. It sent heavy troops to attack the revolutionary base areas in central and southern Henan. Under the leadership of Li Xiannian, Zheng Weisan, Wang Zhen and others, the Central Plains People's Liberation Army launched a civil war in 1946. In June, the "Central Plains Breakout" was successfully organized. The independent southern Henan detachment of the Hubei-Henan Working Committee and the guerrilla force of the Xinchutong Working Committee were established in Siwangshan. Continue to persevere in the revolutionary struggle. In July 1947, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main force of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army to fight decisively with the enemy in the Leigang and Wangzhuang areas of Zhengyang. They forcibly crossed the Ru River and advanced into the Dabie Mountains. The armies of Chen Geng and Xie Yuzhi went south along the Pinghan Road, between Suiping and Xiping. During this period, Zhuwangzhai annihilated more than 10,000 people from the headquarters of the Kuomintang's Fifth Corps and the reorganized Third Division, and captured more than 8,000 enemy officers and soldiers below the chief of staff. After the Huaihai Campaign ended in early 1949, all counties in the city were liberated one after another. The people of Zhumadian City, under the leadership of the party, finally bid farewell to the darkness and ushered in the dawn.
In March 1949, the Queshan Prefecture was established, governing eight counties including Runan, Xinyang, Shangcai, Xincai, Zhengyang, Xiping, Suiping, and Queshan and the two cities of Xinyang and Zhumadian. In August, the special agency moved to Xinyang City and was renamed Xinyang District. In July 1965, Xinyang and Zhumadian were divided and Zhumadian Prefecture was established. Biyang County in Nanyang Prefecture was placed under Zhumadian Prefecture. The whole district governed Runan, Shangcai, Xincai, Runan, Pingyu, Zhengyang, Queshan, Suiping, Xiping Jiuxian and Zhumadian Town. In June 2000, the State Council approved Zhumadian to be evacuated and established as a city.