Is the view that rural China maintains private morality consistent with modern times?

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Fei Xiaotong's "Russian China" - Maintaining Private Morality

1 year ago

Heguangtongchen

I like to play, don’t like to talk, like to think, but don’t want to use my brain. Pay attention to me

Maintaining private morality

China's morality and law are both flexible and flexible depending on the relationship between the object of treatment and "oneself". I have seen many friends who scolded corruption. When they encountered their father being corrupt, they not only did not scold him, but also hid it on his behalf. What's more, he can ask his father for the money he got from corruption while scolding others for corruption. When you become embezzled, you can still explain yourself with the word "competent". This does not need to be considered a contradiction in a differentiated society; because in this kind of society, all universal standards do not come into play. You must ask clearly who the target is and what the relationship is with you before you can decide what to offer. Standard comes.

General outline: A society with a differential order is a network formed by countless personal relationships. Each knot of this network has a moral element attached to it. Therefore, without finding a general moral concept in traditional morality, all value standards cannot exist beyond differential human ethics. Chinese morality is based on human relations and family and country as its foundation, but it lacks the development of group morality. As for undifferentiated love in Western religions, the Mohists in the Spring and Autumn Period also proposed "universal love", but Mohism did not become a The mainstream school of thought has a lot to do with China's regional environment and political environment.

(Western) In the "group structure", the basic concept of morality is based on the relationship between the group and the individual. The group is a transcendent "reality", not a tangible thing. We cannot take out a concrete thing and say it is a group. It is a bundle of relationships between people, a force that controls the behavior of each person, an object on which the life of the constituent molecules depends, and a common will that precedes any individual but cannot be separated from the individual... This kind of "Reality" can only be symbolized and represented by tangible things. The concept of an all-encompassing god only arises in a society with a "group structure". The relationship between the group and the individual is symbolized in the relationship between God and believers. He is a judge of rewards and punishments, a just maintainer, and an almighty protector.

Jesus called God his father, the same father as everyone. He even denied the parents who gave birth to him in front of everyone. In order to implement this "equality", in Christian mythology, Jesus was born of a virgin. The individual and personal connection between parent and child is denied here. In fact, this is not "nonsense", but a powerful symbol, symbolizing a "public" group, and the representative of the group, God, must be selfless. Every "Son of Man", the "component member of the community" symbolized by Jesus, must have a more important "Heavenly Father" that is related to man in addition to the private father, which is the community. ——In this way, the equality of each individual's personality can be established, and the relationship between each group member and the group is equal. Groups cannot be owned by any individual. It is on this basis that the opening words of the United States' Declaration of Independence came into being: "All human beings are born equal, and they all have inalienable rights."

In China, filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty, and trust are all It is the moral element in personal relationships. But Confucius often mentioned the word benevolence. The Analects of Confucius has the most explanations for the word benevolence, but it is also the most elusive. On the one hand, he repeatedly wanted to give a clear explanation of the word benevolence, but on the other hand, "Zi rarely talked about benefit, fate and benevolence." Confucius repeatedly hesitated to talk about this moral element.

The difficulty for Confucius is that it is not easy to specifically point out an overarching moral concept in China's rural society where the "group" combination is not strong. The concept of benevolence is only a logical summation, the ultimate form of moral elements in all personal relationships. However, due to the lack of concreteness of the "group" that integrates private relationships in social forms, there is only a widely known "the world must be benevolent". The world, this "benevolence" that matches "the world" cannot be clearer than the concept of "the world". Therefore, whenever we want to explain it in detail, we have to go back to the moral elements of "filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty and trustworthiness". Just when we want to explain "the world", we have to return to the specific ethical relationships of "father and son, brother and friend".

The lack of group morality is even more clearly seen in public-private conflicts. Even a king with political responsibilities must first complete his private morality.

There is a passage in "Mencius: Part One" that says that after Shun became emperor, he could not treat his father with the same attitude as other citizens. Mencius's answer was to go to the seaside. The ideal solution to this kind of conflict was to have both sides, so he thought of escaping to a place on the seaside where the law would not reach him. It's okay for him to answer this way, because the question he asked was not a factual question. In another place, the problems encountered by Mencius further demonstrated the lack of universality of moral standards.

In a society with a group structure, people in the same group are "both good" and "the same". What Mencius objected to the most was that. He said: "If things are not homogeneous and their emotions are equal, if you compare them and make them the same, it will bring chaos to the world." Mohism's "love without distinction" is exactly the opposite of Confucianism's distinction in human ethics, so Mencius wanted to criticize He has no father and no king.

Edited on 2021-08-14 20:48

How reliable is women’s intuition?

The Life of Misty Rain

In November, one night when I was on a business trip, my husband sent me a photo after taking a shower. In the photo, he is naked from the waist up, with the camera facing the mirror on the washstand. He was showing off his figure to me, but I keenly noticed that my little black bottle had changed its position, from the top of the shelf to the bottom of the shelf. Why is he, a grown man, using girls' skin care products? I suspected that there was a woman at home, but I couldn't rush back at that time, and I didn't want to alert the snake. Besides, what if I guessed wrong? In mid-December, I went on a business trip again and deliberately came back early. When I saw that he was not at home, I called him. He said he was at a bar with his buddies, so I went directly to the bar we often went to. He was indeed with his buddies, sitting in a booth by the window. The buddies were making noises, and he and his "good sister" were hugging and chewing! Standing behind the wine rack at the entrance, listening to their loud cheers, I was so angry that I was shaking all over, and all my cells were shouting: Rush over, rush over! Tear these bastards apart! 1. My husband’s name is Zhang Di, and he is my first love. I'm not the kind of pretty girl. Before Zhang Di, no one had ever chased me. When Zhang Di chased me, I was reserved on the outside, but with a little joy and gratitude in my heart, I only pretended to hesitate for one night before agreeing. He is not a handsome boy either. I thought it was safer to be ugly and not show off outside. We got together soon. I, Ba Xin Ba Gan, am good to him. I know that he has Bai Yueguang, who is his first love. I have seen photos and she is indeed better looking than me. That's the one he's chewing on! For more than a year, Bai Yueguang broke up with her Nth boyfriend and came to Zhang Di to cry. Zhang Di, the eternal spare tire, treated her to food and drinks every day to comfort her. Although I felt uncomfortable, Zhang Di swore that I would trust his character and said that Bai Yueguang was just his "sister" now. Bai Yueguang is even more like a "sister-in-law". Sometimes she admires my talent, sometimes she praises me as an elite in the industry, sometimes she says I am a good charioteer, and sometimes she says how good Zhang Di is to me... one rainbow fart after another, she praises me so much. Believe it or not. In addition, Bai Yueguang is indeed beautiful. Standing with Zhang Di, they look like a flower stuck in cow dung. Gradually, I lost guard against them. When she received the certificate last month, Bai Yueguang specially invited us to dinner, wished us a long life, and said that the luckiest thing was that she met my sister-in-law through Zhang Di! Nowadays...what is this? ! After I calmed down, I took out my phone and took a picture of them holding and chewing. Everything must be based on evidence. Even if you get divorced or go to court, whoever claims it will provide evidence. I have to present something. After coming out of this bar, I went to the bar next door, found a seat where I could see the door here, and ordered a glass of whiskey with ice. More than an hour later, the couple hugged each other and got into the same taxi. I followed them and saw them return to my and Zhang Di's residence! This is a house we bought specifically for our wedding. We just moved in less than half a year ago. This is simply a naked insult! I was sitting in a taxi, my nails dug deeply into my flesh, my eyes were so painful, and all I could think of was the scene of rushing up to tear a bitch to pieces, or catching someone raping her in bed... However, my reason told me: At this time, my hands Tear it apart, the result will be nothing more than a simple divorce, which will not harm them at all. It is even possible that these two people will join forces to beat me up! These days, on the social news pages, are there not enough stories about the first wife catching her in adultery, and then the husband and his mistress beating him up? "Miss, will you get off the car?" "No." I gave the name of a nearby hotel. I needed to think carefully about what to do next and what their weaknesses were. 2 A few minutes later, Zhang Di called.

I looked at the word "husband" on the caller ID and remembered the suitcase I had left in the living room when I came back. I quickly rubbed my face, took a deep breath, and then answered the phone - "Honey, where are you? Yes. Aren't you back? I just came back from the bar and was drunk." His voice was full of fatigue. "I reported to the club. There is something wrong with the project. Everyone is working overtime. I don't know how long I will be busy!" I endured my nausea and said in a grumpy tone, "Hey, I won't tell you now. It's so annoying! This is so annoying!" The work is not over yet!" "Then hurry up and get busy, I'll wait for you." Zhang Di hung up the phone. I sneered. wait for me? How to wait? Have sex with Bai Yueguang? How many times has this happened before? Were they shocked when they saw the suitcase when they entered the door just now? ! I bought a house, why should I be the one sleeping in a hotel? ! All the grievances I have suffered today must be repaid double by them! That night, I was completely insomnia and kept thinking... 3 The next morning, I was washing. Zhang Di called me and asked me if I had finished my work? He said he felt sorry for me and loved me, and told me to go home and rest as soon as I was done. I rolled my eyes in the mirror and wanted to ask him, "Have the sheets been washed? Is the room ventilated? Is the smell still there?" I endured it and replied, "I just finished my work and will be back after breakfast with my colleagues." At 10:00, I returned to the community. The first thing to do is not to go home, but to go to the community property management office. I lied that my home was stolen and asked for surveillance from our floor. The property management girl recognized me, took me to the monitoring room, and even set up a computer for me. The night before, I had listed the business trip times for the past six months, and sat in front of the computer to search for each time period. Those two people were really shameless. Every time before they even entered the door, they would already be hugging and chewing on it. The surveillance video of our community is saved for three months. During the three-month period, I found four videos of them carrying and gnawing through the door. Paralysis, we have to do it outside! When no one was paying attention, I quickly copied those paragraphs on a small USB flash drive. The second thing is to go home. The battlefield was cleaned very clean, all the windows that could be opened were opened, the bedding was folded neatly, and there was no garbage in the trash can. My suitcase is packed, the dirty clothes are in the washing machine and the clean clothes are hanging in the closet. If I hadn't witnessed everything last night, I would have continued to think that I had found true love and a man who cared about me. I sat on the sofa, picked up the iPad on the armrest of the sofa, and opened WeChat. This man, because he likes to "eat chicken" (playing the game "Peace Elite"), is logged in to WeChat all year round. I first read the chat history between him and Bai Yueguang. The deletion was not clean, but it was very clever. There was no ambiguity in the words. It was a normal time and place for dinner appointments, and I would attend them all. I snorted and opened "Me" - "Payment" - "Wallet" - "Bills". As the saying goes, every expense from WeChat is clearly listed. Giving out red envelopes is a daily routine, both big and small. Then there are the hotels, judging by the time and price, they should be hourly rooms; the sex toy stores, I don’t know what they are buying; and the numerous expenses in shopping malls, flower shops, and dessert shops... These two people spend quite a lot of time. Instead of taking screenshots, I took photos with my phone to avoid leaving traces on my iPad. The last step is to open the stock trading software. I am a financial reporter and am familiar with many big names in the industry. I have made a lot of money following them in the past few years, especially in the stock market. I taught Zhang Di how to trade stocks step by step. I applied for the password for his account. He did not change the password, so that I could occasionally help him operate it. I pulled out the account and recorded a video on my phone. Although he and I didn't have a wedding, legally, we were a real couple. I don't care about his money, but I don't want my money to be calculated by him either! It’s easy to talk about property before marriage, but it’s really hard to talk about it in the six months after marriage. With these two accounts, everything is different. We manage our own finances. Most of his income is in the stock market, and the other part, clearly shown in WeChat payment bills, is spent on Bai Yueguang! It's funny to say, I was with him for two years, and the living expenses together basically cost me money. I'm not the kind of person who has to let my boyfriend support me when I have a boyfriend. My family's family education is: a woman must be financially independent to have a solid marriage. In real life, this is often the case: men will love whomever they spend money on more, and men who feel sorry for money will feel sorry for women. 4At 3pm, Zhang Di called me. The first was to ask me if I had rested well, and the second was to ask me to have dinner out in the evening, saying that I had worked hard on "business trip + working overtime" and wanted to reward me well. "Who else?" I asked casually. "I just had a drink with my brothers yesterday. I won't call them today." Zhang Di thought for a while, "Zhou Yue said I haven't seen you for a long time. How about I ask her?" Zhou Yue is Bai Yueguang.

"Okay, I just brought a souvenir for her." I said with a smile, "You can't tell me in advance, otherwise the surprise will be gone!" Zhang Di agreed immediately and asked me why I didn't buy him a gift? I despised him in my heart, and the smile on my lips continued: "Of course, I will give it to you tonight! You like it." Zhang Di kissed the phone twice. I used to enjoy such a small act of intimacy, but now I just feel disgusted. Zhang Di asked me to rest for a while and see you in the evening. How can I dare to rest? A burning fire within makes every cell in the body burn. I stood up with a bang, and first called my best friend who had gone to the police station. I told her in a few words that I needed a monitor and asked her where else I could buy it besides a certain treasure. I wanted it right away. She said Electronic City and gave me the name of a store. I said thank you. My best friend called me "Hey" and said, "Katsuo, let me remind you that surveillance is illegal. Evidence obtained in this way will not be accepted by the court." "I know that if you are caught, the circumstances will be minor. The "Public Security Management Law" stipulates a detention of not more than 5 days or a fine of not more than 500 yuan. The most serious one is the "Criminal Law". "I said, "Don't worry, it won't spread, and I won't be stupid enough to use it as evidence. I will be very careful. I will be discovered, so I just want to see if Zhang Di is a human or a ghost!" My best friend reminded me to be careful again: a fine is a small matter, but leaving a criminal record is a big deal. I said "Yeah" and quickly took a shower, changed clothes, put on makeup... 5 The place where we had hot pot was the one we often went to. I gave Bai Yueguang an A-brand lipstick and a handmade lipstick. The monitor was attached to the bottom of the inner tube of the handmade lipstick. I told her that I made the handmade lipstick myself. When I was on a business trip, I had half a day to spare, so I learned to make a few in the store. Bai Yueguang held my arm, rubbed it again and again, and kept praising me for my ability. Not only could I trade stocks, but I was also clever and could even make lipstick. As for the A-brand lipstick, she obviously liked it better. Her eyes were shining, and she said she didn’t have that color and praised me for being bright and airy. Zhang Di looked on, pretending to be jealous and said, I treat Bai Yueguang better than him. "That's natural, I'm prettier than you!" Bai Yueguang glanced at him coquettishly, "If Sister Shengnan were a boy, I would definitely pursue her!" Zhang Di ordered with a smile and ticked off items on the menu. I took a few glances. How to say it? Many details will not be discovered when one person trusts another person; but when trust collapses, every detail becomes suspicious. When Zhang Di chooses dishes, he chooses what Bai Yueguang likes first, then what he likes, and finally what I like to eat. I secretly cursed myself for being stupid in the past. An existence like Bai Yueguang should not be taken lightly. Halfway through the hot pot meal, Zhang Di and Bai Yueguang asked me, "What have I gained from this business trip?" As the Chinese New Year approaches, do you have any good stock recommendations? This is a daily topic. Every time I have dinner with a group of them, the most talked about thing is stocks. Basically, they buy whatever I tell them to buy, and they basically make money. This time, I didn't answer right away. I said that we should study it carefully. Buying an ordinary one is meaningless if it is the same as the market. We need to find a big one and make a lot of money. The two men were beaming. I'm laughing too. I'm not a believer, so don't expect me to help you make money after being cheated on! 6 What he gave to Zhang Di was a money clip from the L family, which was more than two grades higher than his previous money clip. "I thought you just remembered Zhou Yue, seeing as you treat her better than me." Zhang Di sat next to me, happily changing various cards from the old money clip to the new money clip. "How can I?" I peeled the orange, thinking to myself that I was really mean in the past, and smiled, "It's not just for your sake, but to put it bluntly, I also want to give you a voice. I just want to tell her, You can live well without her, and you can live better!" Zhang Di was sitting a little behind me, and I could clearly feel him looking at me. If it were before, I would definitely have thought that he was moved by me again, but now, I just find it ridiculous. He must be thinking of "fool"! There are so many "moved" and "moved" in this world. Most of the time, what we think of as "moved" is just "self-moved". "Katsuo, you are so good to me!" He hugged me from behind. I was fed up, feeling sick and dirty. I am not a mysophobic person. Before we were friends, it had nothing to do with how many women he had. But now that we are husband and wife, I feel dirty if he messes around outside again. I gave him half of the peeled orange and urged him to take a shower after eating. He may have misunderstood. He ate the orange in a few mouthfuls, saying, "I'll wash my hands right away and serve my wife." I smiled, slowly finished the other half of the orange, and then stuffed the prepared monitor into my wallet. .

Today's money clips are often used for ID cards and occasionally for social security cards. They are also used for various other cards, whether bank cards or VIP cards. They are not used twice a year and are basically just decorations. I'm not worried that he will find out. Even if he finds out, he can just deny it. Besides, I only plan to eavesdrop for a few days. When the monitor runs out of power, I can find an opportunity to throw the monitor away. 7The monitor software is not on my daily mobile phone. When I bought the monitor the day before, I also bought a second-hand mobile phone and sent it to the newspaper office by courier in the same city. The recipient was me. At that time, I never dreamed that the moment I installed the monitor, it was like pushing the first piece of dominoes. After that, every domino fell, like opening a Pandora's box. The evil in human nature is like a dragon in the abyss. Chapter 2 Life is Dominoes The express delivery was placed at the doorman of the newspaper office. I took out my mobile phone, couldn't wait to come to the small office, and put on my headphones. Unexpectedly, Bai Yueguang actually has a boyfriend, and by coincidence, last night, she went to her boyfriend's place and gave him the lipstick I gave her. After that, there was a long section of "Uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh," and there was chatting at the pauses. Bai Yueguang asked her boyfriend "when will I take her home" and complained that "I have never met her boyfriend's friends". The boyfriend said frankly that "the family would not agree" and that Bai Yueguang was not good enough for him. He also said that with his family background, he must find someone who is well matched. I laughed unkindly. The goddess held in the palm of Zhang Di's hand is just a shadowy figure in the eyes of the rich second generation. The monitor has a location. I glanced at the location on my phone. I saw that the other party was in a well-known high-end community in our city. The people who lived there were either rich or expensive. Bai Yueguang cried: "What do you think of me? Pao friend? I am devoted to you, but I didn't expect you to be such a person! I want to break up!" The rich second generation quickly coaxed: "Now is the entrepreneurial period, outsiders can see Although it looks prosperous, its annual revenue is only a few million, which is a drop in the bucket compared with the family business." She also said that when her career starts, Bai Yueguang is the only woman who shares the joys and sorrows, and will give her a Maserati. Make a betrothal gift! Maserati! I admit, I am sour, everyone loves green tea. "When will your company get up?" Bai Yueguang asked coquettishly. "Come on, hurry up, wait for the wind to blow. Once the wind blows, pigs can fly into the sky!" said the second-generation rich man, followed by a lot of thoughts about the future. The core word: blockchain. Unfortunately, because of Bitcoin, I have learned about blockchain and have interviewed domestic blockchain companies, so I understand a little bit. The rhetoric of the rich second generation has neither gold content nor differentiation advantages, and even the concept of finance is vague. I suspect Bai Yueguang was deceived. Today's rich second generation, their families generally value education, and their knowledge and knowledge are much higher than ordinary people. The possibility of starting a business in a field they are not good at is very small. 8 The lipstick stays with the rich second generation, and the monitors also stay there. I switched the line to Zhang Di, and he dialed Bai Yueguang's number as soon as he got in the car. Car Bluetooth. I heard the conversation between the two people clearly - "It's so ugly that I get scared every morning when I wake up, thinking that there is a ghost sleeping next to me! Yue'er, your husband relies on you to wash his eyes every day to survive..." The thought of living with a dominatrix for a few more years makes my hair tingle. What if I can't bear it any longer?" "Then let's meet at the same place at noon?" Bai Yueguang chuckled, "...think about the ugly money, and what if I can't bear it any longer?" There are several houses, be good, if you bear with me... I will reward you later!" Zhang Di said "Yes" and said in a frivolous tone, "You know what I like." Bai Yueguang's voice was so sweet that it almost made her cry. Izuku said: "I know... I hate it so much..." The two of them kept flirting. The fire in my heart was like a volcano, spewing out crazily! My eyes hurt terribly. This is the man I want to marry...a dominatrix who claims to be someone else's husband! At this moment, my self-esteem was severely stepped into the mud and rubbed repeatedly! 9 I called my best friend who went to the police station. A few minutes later, she knocked on my office door. After opening the door, she was startled: "Why are your eyes so red?...What's wrong with Zhang Di?" I handed her the earphones and called up the conversation in the car.

She was also very angry and kept calling "bastard, garbage, scum" and asked me what I was going to do. what to do? This is not a simple affair within marriage. She thinks I am ugly. Zhang Di clearly stated that "I will only live for a few years." Bai Yueguang even reminded him directly that it was for money and a house! In other words: this marriage was originally a calculation! my house! My deposit! My vision for stock trading! Even, my parents’ property! My parents only have one daughter. We have three houses in our hometown, two of which have my name on them. The houses they mentioned should include these two! I stared at my best friend, who was several years older than me, and gritted my teeth for a long time: "Sister, help me!" 10 My eyes were so bloodshot with anger that the whites of them were almost invisible, which was truly terrifying. I went to the hospital and prescribed a lot of medicine, and then naturally became a patient. I did not fulfill my wifely obligations and slept with my back to him every day. Zhang Di didn't want to see my face, but he was also a man with strong desires. He couldn't get relief at night and had to look for Bai Yueguang every day. Bai Yueguang is very busy, dealing with two men alone. Sleeping with her is not a problem, the real trouble is that she has to work hard to make herself worthy of the "rich second generation". She is short of money, a lot of money. She asked Zhang Di and me more than once, when can we select the best stocks, and it is best to raise the daily limit. She wanted to cash out a large sum of money before the end of the year and invest in the company of the "rich second generation", and then take advantage of the Chinese New Year to go home with the rich second generation to meet her parents as a partner and as a girlfriend. Of course, it is impossible to say these words to Zhang Di. The version she gave to Zhang Di was: The thought of Zhang Di and me getting married makes her heartache... She wants to make a lot of money and not wrong herself for money... She wants Zhang Di to divorce as soon as possible so that they can get together in a legitimate way. Zhang Di was so moved that he didn't go to work that afternoon and hung out with Bai Yueguang in the hotel. He even called me and told me that he would be back very late after working overtime at night. I hehe. Among the few people, the busiest are the "second generation rich". That is a real "Aquaman". In addition to Zhou Yue, he also has several girlfriends from ABCD. He is smarter than Zhang Di. He has a high profile, "second generation rich", "family business", "entrepreneurial elite", lives in a mansion and drives a luxury car, is good at sweet talk, and is generous with his money. From what I heard on the monitor, every time he sends something out, it is not Top-notch skin care products are bags from luxury brands. His girlfriends have the same goal recently: to go home to meet their parents during the Chinese New Year. Unfortunately, the timing is not good! The rich second generation wants to expand the company for a while, the company is investigated for tax evasion, and plans to invest in land... In short, the capital turnover is not efficient. If you bring your girlfriend home at this time, you will definitely be criticized. Some of the girlfriends offered to inject capital into the company and become shareholders, and some directly lent money to the rich second generation. The rich second generation promised all the women who planned to give him money that he would take them home during the Chinese New Year and stay together despite all odds! My best friend and I looked at each other and said three words in unison: "Pig Killing Plate!" 11 "Pig Killing Plate" is the name given by the fraud gang themselves. Girls are "pigs", characters and love are "pig feed", the process of falling in love is the process of "raising pigs", and finally defrauding money is "killing pigs". The rich second generation plans to kill pigs in batches. My best friend and I's first reaction was to call the police. She has been a reporter for many years, especially since she went to the police and has a stronger sense of justice than ordinary people. The second reaction is that we can use the "rich second generation" to severely retaliate against Bai Yueguang and Zhang Di. My best friend and I were in a dilemma whether to choose A or B. Just like a previous episode of "Qi Pa Shuo": "The art museum is on fire. A famous painting and a cat. Only one can be saved. Who do you save?" Famous paintings are distant cries. What we have not seen can be inferred. The victim is a distant cry. The cat is a nearby wailing, my love that was deceived, and my self-esteem that was pressed to the ground and rubbed repeatedly are a nearby wailing. In the end, we chose selfishness, redesigned every step of revenge, and listed the "pig killing plate" as an important part of revenge. I swear, I have never done anything so pleasurable in my life!

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