Modern: Yuan Longping, Qian Xuesen, Hua Luogeng, Wang Xuan, Qian Weichang, Mao Yisheng, Zhu Kezhen, Huo Jin, Yang Zhenning, etc.;
Ancient: Xu Guangqi, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, Shen Kuo, Zhang Zhongjing , Jia Sixie, Li Shizhen, Archimedes, etc.:
1. Yuan Longping, born in Beijing in September 1930, is from De'an County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. He is an expert in hybrid rice breeding in China and is responsible for the research and development of hybrid rice in China. The founder of rice is known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice in the World".
Graduated from Southwest Agricultural College (now Southwest University) in 1953, and was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1995. In 1999, an asteroid discovered by the Schmidt CCD asteroid project team of the Beijing Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was Named Yuan Longpingxing, he won the country’s highest science and technology award in 2000, was elected as a foreign academician of the National Academy of Sciences in April 2006, and received an honorary doctorate from Macau University of Science and Technology in 2010. ?
Yuan Longping is the founder and leader in the field of hybrid rice research. He is committed to the research of hybrid rice and has successfully developed "three-line" hybrid rice, "two-line" hybrid rice, and super hybrid rice. At the same time, Yuan Longping proposed and implemented the "three-yield and four-high-yield project", using the technological achievements of super hybrid rice, and published 6 Chinese and English monographs and more than 60 papers. In July 2017, he was appointed as chief professor of Qingdao Marine Rice College. In September 2017, Yuan Longping announced a new result in eliminating the heavy metal cadmium in rice.
2. Mao Yisheng (January 9, 1896 - November 12, 1989), courtesy name Tang Chen, was born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. Civil engineer, bridge expert, engineering educator, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Engineering, and the Academia Sinica.
Mao Yisheng graduated from Southwest Jiaotong University in 1916, received a master's degree from Cornell University in the United States in 1917, and a doctorate from the Carnegie Institute of Technology (formerly Carnegie Mellon University) in the United States in 1919. After returning to China, he served successively as president of Jiaotong University Professor of Tangshan Institute of Technology, Professor and Director of Engineering at National Southeast University (renamed National Central University in 1928 and Nanjing University in 1949), President of National Hohai University of Technology, President of Tangshan University of the Ministry of Communications (now Southwest Jiaotong University), Beiyang Institute of Technology Dean of the College, Director of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Water Resources, Director of the Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Office, Acting Dean and Dean of Tangshan Institute of Technology, Jiaotong University, General Manager of China Bridge Corporation, President of Beiyang University, China/Northern Jiaotong University (today) President of Southwest Jiaotong University and now Beijing Jiaotong University) and Dean of the Railway Science Research Institute. In 1955, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (member of the academic department).
Mao Yisheng has presided over the work of the China Academy of Railway Sciences for more than 30 years and has made outstanding contributions to the progress of railway science and technology. A pioneer who actively advocates the application of soil mechanics in engineering. Mao Yisheng presided over the construction of the Qiantang River Bridge, the first modern large-scale bridge designed and built by the Chinese themselves, which became a milestone in the history of China's railway bridges. After the founding of New China, he participated in the design of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. In his later years, he compiled "History of Chinese Bridges", "China's Ancient Bridges and New Bridges", etc. He died of illness in Beijing on November 12, 1989 at the age of 93.
3. Zhang Heng (78-139), also known as Pingzi. Han nationality, a native of Xi'e, Nanyang (now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province), one of the Five Sages of Nanyang, and together with Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, and Ban Gu, are known as the four great masters of Han Fu. He was a great astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, and writer during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. He served successively as doctor, Taishi Ling, Shizhong, and Hejian Minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In his later years, he entered the court and served as minister due to illness. He died in the fourth year of Yonghe (139) at the age of sixty-two. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was posthumously named Xi Hubei.
Zhang Heng's astronomical works include "Lingxian" and "Annotations on the Armillary Sphere", etc. His mathematical works include "Suan Wang Lun", and literary works are represented by "Er Jing Fu" and "Guitian Fu". . "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" contains 14 volumes of "Zhang Heng Collection", which has been lost for a long time. Zhang Pu of Ming Dynasty compiled "Zhang Hejian Collection", which was included in "Collection of One Hundred and Three Masters of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties".
Zhang Heng made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese astronomy, mechanical technology, and seismology. He invented the armillary sphere and the seismograph. He was one of the representatives of the armillary theory in the middle Eastern Han Dynasty. He was hailed as the "Sage of Wood" (Sage of Science) by later generations. Due to his outstanding contributions, the United Nations Astronomical Organization named a crater on the back of the moon "Zhang Heng Crater" and the 1802 asteroid in the solar system as "Zhang Heng Star".
In order to commemorate Zhang Heng, later generations built the Zhang Heng Museum in Nanyang.
4. Zu Chongzhi (429-500), named Wenyuan. Born in Jiankang (now Nanjing), his ancestral home is Qiuxian County, Fanyang County (now Laishui County, Hebei Province). He was an outstanding mathematician and astronomer during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of China.
Zu Chongzhi studied natural science throughout his life, and his main contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, calendar and mechanical manufacturing. Based on the precise method of exploring pi pioneered by Liu Hui, he calculated the "pi" to the seventh decimal place for the first time, that is, between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. The "ancestral rate" he proposed made a significant contribution to the study of mathematics. It was not until the 16th century that the Arab mathematician Al Qasi broke this record.
The "Da Ming Calendar" written by him was the most scientific and progressive calendar at that time, and provided correct methods for later generations of astronomical research. His main works include Anbian Lun, Zhu Shu, Shu Yi Ji, Li Yi, etc.
5. Li Shizhen (1518-1593), whose courtesy name was Dongbi. In his later years, he called himself a native of Binghushan. He was a native of Wachiba (today's Doctor Street), Dongchang Street, Qizhou Town, Qichun County, Hubei Province. He was a famous poet in the Ming Dynasty. Medical scientist. Later, he served as the chief minister of the Chu Palace and the Royal Imperial Hospital. After his death, the Ming court granted him the title of "Mr. Wen Lin".
Since 1565, Li Shizhen has gone to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushou Mountain, Huguang, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and other places to collect drug specimens and prescriptions, and worshiped fishermen, woodcutter, farmers, A coachman, a medicine man, and a snake catcher were his teachers. He referred to 925 books on medicine and other aspects of the past dynasties, archaeological evidence, and exhaustive study of physics. He recorded tens of millions of words of notes and clarified many difficult problems. After 27 cold and summer days, he was able to change his mind three times. In the 18th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1590), he completed the 1.92 million-word masterpiece "Compendium of Materia Medica". In addition, he also conducted research on pulse theory and the Eight Extraordinary Meridians. and many more. Revered as the "Sage of Medicine" by later generations
In 1982, his cemetery Li Shizhen Cemetery (Li Shizhen Tomb) was listed as the second batch of "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units" by the State Council.
Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia - Yuan Longping Baidu Encyclopedia - Mao Yisheng Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhang Heng Baidu Encyclopedia - Zu Chongzhi Baidu Encyclopedia - Li Shizhen