Most princes of the Qing Dynasty were named immediately after birth.
Starting from the Kangxi Dynasty, the preface of the princes has stipulated that those who died early will not be ranked, but only appended to the end. However, this is not strict, because the jade ultimatum is compiled every ten years, and those who were born a few years before the compilation are Young children can also cut their teeth, but if they die soon, they will not be removed. For example, Yinzuo was born in the 19th year of Kangxi and died in the 24th year. He was only six years old, but he was still ranked as the "sixth son". Others, such as Yinzhen and Yinzhen, died at the age of eight and three respectively, but they were still ranked eighteenth and nineteenth. According to this, the princes in the jade ultimatum can be divided into three categories, namely those with sequential teeth, those with sequential teeth who died early, and those with no sequential teeth. The third category includes eleven names, including Cheng Rui and Cheng Hu. The longest one is four years old and the shortest one dies immediately after birth. There is no ranking in the jade ultimatum, only "young age" is written. Yongzheng belongs to the first category, and his ranking has been fixed for a long time. Official and private documents are all referred to as the four elder brothers, and there is no confusion. If, as the famous red scholar Mr. Zhou Ruchang said, "When Kangxi was there, even Yongzheng himself did not know it all his life." He will be called the 'fourth son of the emperor', he is always only the 'eleventh son of the emperor', and Yinzhen is the twenty-third son." ("Biography of Cao Xueqin" page 231) Kangxi called the "eleventh son" who responded Is it Yongzheng, or is it the eleventh younger brother Yinzhen? Isn't it a complete mess?
The names are all given to the children after they are born. That's why we see in historical materials that there is a record like "how many months (years) he died, unnamed" behind the earthly prince who died many years ago. The full moon and "Bai Lu" congratulation ceremony will be held when the prince is born in the first month and the hundredth day (called the joy of Bai Lu in the palace). On this day, the emperor, concubines, and others still receive rewards and gifts. On the full moon day, an auspicious time should be chosen to shave the little prince's head for the first time. The Qing palace held a ceremony to raise the carriage on the ninth day after the birth of the prince. The imperial examination is a relatively important ceremony held on the day when the prince turns one year old, also known as the "Happiness of the Zhou Dynasty". The utensil that holds the grabbed objects is called "Xipan". "The Palace History of the Kingdom" records that the items used in the "Prince's One-year-old Table" are: "Two jade articles, two jade fans, one gold key, one silver box, one rhinoceros cup, two rhinoceros sticks, one arc arrow and one in the study room. "One serving" and a fruit table on which the above items are placed.
In addition, before the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the names were relatively rough, and they were all simple Manchu. For example, "Dorgon" means "badger", Azige means "younger son" and so on.
This feature was still maintained when he first entered the customs, such as Shunzhi's eldest son "Niu Niu".
As the emperor's Han culture improved, in the late Shunzhi period, the emperor began to tend to name his children with auspicious words in Chinese, such as "Fuquan" for Prince Yu, "Changning" for Prince Gong, and "Longxi" for Prince Chun. "Of course Kangxi's name was given by Tang Ruowang, so there are some exceptions.
In the Kangxi Dynasty, the names of princes initially tended to be transitional to some profound ancient Chinese characters, such as "Baocheng" for the prince (from "it is better to protect what has been accomplished"). Of course, there are also remaining Manchu names. Legacy, such as Kangxi's fourth son who died in infancy, "Sai Yin Chahun".
Later, as Kangxi's cultural level increased, he began to standardize the names of his children. So it was determined that "Yin" was the fixed second character, and "礻" was the radical of the third character. Therefore, the eldest son Baoqing changed his name to "Yinfeng", and the prince Baocheng changed his name to "Yinreng".
Emperors since Kangxi have followed this naming rule. When Qianlong arrived, he not only named his son, but also determined the generational lineage of "Yongmian Yizai" for the next four generations of descendants. When he arrived in Daoguang, he continued the eight characters as "Pu Yu Heng Qi Tao Lu Zeng Qi", thus establishing the name hierarchy of the descendants of Aisin Gioro even today.
The Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qian dynasties, the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, had a lot of contact with Han culture, especially Confucian culture. They implemented taboos on the emperor’s name, which means that when it comes to the emperor’s name, taboos, pronunciation and writing must be avoided. All should be avoided.
For example, take Kangxi. Kangxi's name is "Xuan Ye", which is the character "Xuan". During the Kangxi period, you should not write the character "Xuan" like this. If you have to take the Jinshi examination, if you write the character "Xuan" like this, you will definitely lose your reputation. Why? What about writing? The last taboo is missing, avoid writing it, don’t write this point, the word "Xuan" is relatively simple, it is just the word "Xuan", what is the trouble? It is any word with the radical of "Xuan", The radical of the word "fire", the radical of the word "jade", the word "gong", the word "gold", the word "氵", the word "silk", etc. All words with the radical of the word "Xuan" must be avoided. This last point , is called taboo, if this is missing, then you will definitely fail the Jinshi exam. This is the word "Xuan". What should I do if Xuan Ye also has the character "烨"? The "Ye" in Kangxi's name Xuan Ye has the character "火" on the left and the Chinese character "华" on the right. In traditional Chinese, when writing the character "Xuan", the last part is this The pen is missing. If it is missing, the last stroke and vertical stroke of the character "Ye" cannot be written. Therefore, during Kangxi and after Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, when writing "Xuan" and "Ye", the word "Xuan" must be tabbed, and the last part of the word "Ye" must be tabbed. This is called the taboo of the emperor's name, and this is Kangxi. What about Yongzheng? Everyone knows that Yongzheng's name is "Yinzhen", which is the "Yin", and Zhao Kuangyin is the "Yin". The word "Yin" cannot be written like this in the Yongzheng Dynasty, but it can be written in the Kangxi Dynasty, but not in the Yongzheng Dynasty, so how to write it What about the last stroke? The last stroke is not written. What about the two characters "Yin" and "Zhen", and the word "Zhen"? When "Yin Zhen" is officially written, the last word of "Yin" is The pen tab is missing, and the last tab of "禛" is missing, so I can't write. This was during the Yongzheng Dynasty. Do not change any written characters written before the Yongzheng Dynasty, because if you change it forward, it will be endless. From the day Yongzheng ascended the throne, the two words "Yin" and "Zhen" must be avoided. . Then someone asked why Yongzheng was called "Yinzhen" and none of his brothers were called "Yin"? Yunzhen, Yunzhi, Yunqi, and Yunhu were all "Yun"? Yongzheng made a rule at that time, The word "Yin" was only allowed to be used by Yongzheng. His brothers changed the word "Yin" to "Yun". Isn't this a taboo? This is the Yongzheng Dynasty. During the Qianlong Dynasty, Qianlong's name was "Hongli", which was the word "Hong". In the Qianlong Dynasty, the character "Hong" could not be written like this. When I was a child, there was a school called "Hongda College". The word "da" in "developed" does not have this point. I didn't understand at the time why the word did not have this point. I was very young at that time, but I understood it later when I grew up. , it avoids this taboo, and the word "Li" is written in a different way. This is a taboo for the emperors of the three dynasties of Kang, Yong, and Qian Dynasties, because it lacks the last stroke.
Jia Dao, Jiaqing's name was "Yongyan", and Daoguang's name was "Mianning". At this time, Qianlong made a rule that he ranked the descendants of Confucius according to the Han people. Isn't it a row of generations! Aren't Mencius's descendants also arranged in a row of generations? Qianlong said that the descendants of Aixinjueluo should be ranked in a row of generations, so he arranged them. From Qianlong onwards, "Yong, Mian, Yi, Zai", "Pu, Yu, "Heng" and "Qi" are added later. All the sons of Qianlong have to have the word "Yong", and all the grandchildren have to have the word "Mian". As we push down from generation to generation, the next problem arises. Then Qianlong's son is "Yong". "The character generation, Qianlong's successor is Jiaqing, and his name is "Yongyan". Qianlong considered a problem. This character "Yong" is often written and used frequently. All the characters "Yong" in the world are taboo. This matter is more complicated. Qianlong thought of a way to change the word "Yong" to "Yongyan". This word is not commonly used, so it is easier to avoid taboos. But when writing, the last stroke must be avoided, and the word "Yan" must be written in a different way, which is relatively simpler than the word "Yong" that everyone in the world avoids. This is Jiaqing. Daoguang, Daoguang, everyone knows that Daoguang belongs to the generation of "Mian", "Yong, Mian, Yi, Zai", the generation of "Mian". The emperor also said that "Mian" is a word that must be used in common people's clothes and is often used. If the word "Mian" is taboo in all the world, it would be more complicated. To change it, the emperor would change the word and turn it into an uncommon word with similar pronunciation, so similar to "Min寕".
In this way, all the words "Mian" in the world can be avoided, and you cannot write the word "Min" like this when writing. When the emperor comes across the word "Min" when writing articles, publishing books, or taking exams, he will Don't write at all, avoid this. The word "寕" also needs to be changed into one horizontal and one vertical. It was originally the word "心" under the Bao Hijab. At this time, the word "心" was changed to One horizontal stroke and one stroke, this is how to avoid it. This is the third period, the Jiadao period.
Everyone knows that Xian, Tong, Guang, Xuan, and Xianfeng are called "Yiqi", "Yong, Mian, Yi, Zai", and "Yiqi". At this time, they were simplified again. The emperor's name was Liang. The first character is Yi Chi. If the first character is not taboo, then the second character will be taboo. The word "蝝" will be taboo. How to avoid the word "蝝"? The last stroke is missing. The last stroke will not be written. The lack of a taboo is called taboo. If it lacks this stroke, it can be written as Yi Chi. This is a little simpler than the original. After Xianfeng came Tongzhi, whose name was Zaichun. We talked about the names "Yong, Mian, Yi, and Zai". Zaichun, the first character is not taboo, only the second character is taboo. For the second character, the pronunciation of Zaichun's "Chun" and "Heng" is different. Change the writing method, Zaichun's "Chun" is written like this , to express taboo. Next is Guangxu, "Yong, Mian, Yi, Zai". Guangxu is the generation of "Zai". Guangxu's Zaiyan is also called Zaitan. The word "Zai" is not taboo, so the last word, this word, is taboo. How to avoid taboo? Just avoid the last stroke. The word "mouth" is not sealed. If this word is involved in the examination of being a candidate for the imperial examination or being admitted as a Jinshi, if one extra stroke is written, it is certain that neither the Jinshi nor the Jinshi will be admitted. This is Guangxu. Xuantong, Xuantong is called Puyi. The first word is not taboo, but the second word is taboo. How to avoid taboo on the second character of the word "Yi"? It is called taboo and lacks the last stroke. The last stroke is not written. This is the four stages of the emperor's name avoidance in the Qing Dynasty: the first stage is the three dynasties of Tiantianshun, the name is not taboo only on important occasions such as "Jade Certificate" and "Record", and a yellow sticker is affixed to it; the second stage It is the taboo of Kang, Yong and Qian. The third period was Jia and Dao. One word was changed, taboo. The fourth period is Xian, Tong, Guang, and Xuan. The emperor's name has two characters, the first character is not avoided, and the second character is missing the last stroke.